2023年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案篇

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。住在富人区的她2023年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题It’s（）intheregulationthatyoucantake20kilosofluggagewithyou.问题1选项A.laiduponB.laidoutC.laidupD.laiddown2.单选题InEngland,alongastretchofthenorth-eastcoastwhichgentlycurvesfromNorthumberlandtothemouthoftheriverTees,therewasaspot,typicalofmanyonthatcoast,wheresea-coalcollectedrichlyandeffortlessly.Thiscoalwasacoarsepowder,cleanandbrilliantlikeparticlesofcrushedjet;itseemedtobearlittleresemblancetothelarge,dirtylumpsputontothefire.Althoughitwascoal,itwasperfectlycleananditwassilentlydepositedathightideinaglitteringcarpetakilometerlongforthecoalcommunitytogatherup.Thegearneededforsea-coalingexpeditionswasacuriousandtraditionallyprovenmixturewhichnevervariedfromcommunitytocommunityalongtheentirenorth-eastcoastline.Sackswereessentialtoputthecoalin,andstringtotietheneckofeachsackwhenitwasfull.Awoodenrakewasusedtoscrapethecoalfromthebeach,anditwasgenerallymadefromanoldbroomhandlewithaflatpieceofwoodnailedonataslightrecliningangleattheend.Theonlyalternativetotherakewasaflatpieceofboardheldinthehand,whichchildrenandotherworkersofadditionalservicecroucheddowntouse.Aflat,broadshovel,tolifttherakedcoalintothebags,completedtheportablehardware.Butthemostcrucialitemofequipmentwasabicycle,aspecialkindofrustystripped-downmodelwhichwasthesymbolofthesea-coalingcraft.Alady'sbikewasnogoodbecauseitlackedacrossbarandthatwasanessentialelementintransportingsea-coal.Onefullsackcouldbeslungthroughthetriangularformatofaman’sbike,anotheroverthecrossbarand,sometimes,evenathirdontopofthat.Thebeautyofthiswasthatitnotonlyenabledonetomovethesea-coalfromplacetoplace,butthepressureofthemetalbarsagainstthefull,wetsacksforcedexcesswateroutofthecoalwhileitwasbeingwheeledhome.Onagoodday,thepathtothebeachwasgenerallyadoublesnailtrackofwaterthathadbeenforcedfromeachendofatrailofcoalsacks.1.Theattractionofcollectingsea-coalwasthatit（

）.

2.Thereasoncertainequipmentwasusedwasbecause（

）.3.Toremovethecoalfromthebeach,thechildrenhadto（

）.

4.Tocarrythreesacksofcoalonabicycleitwasnecessaryto（

）.

5.Youcouldseewherethecoalhadbeentransportedfromthebeachbythe（

）.问题1选项A.burntbetteronthefireB.wasfreelyavailableC.wascleanandfine-grainedD.madenonoisewhileburning问题2选项A.thepeoplewereverytraditionalB.fewcommunitiespossesseditC.itwasshowntobepracticalD.thecommunitieshadcurioushabits问题3选项A.bendovertousetherakesB.usepiecesofboardatreclininganglesC.crouchdownwithfiatshovelsD.sittousebroadpiecesofwood问题4选项A.lodgeoneofthemonthesaddleB.balancethemonthecrossbarC.balancetwoonthecrossbarD.puttwothroughtheframework问题5选项A.wetmarksontheroadB.tracksinthesandC.wheelmarksonthepathD.twintrailsofwater3.单选题Ise-mailablessingoracurse?Lastmonth,afteraweek’svocation,Idiscovered1218unreade-mailmessageswaitinginmybox.Ipretendedtobedismayed,butsecretlyIwaspleased.Thisishowwemeasureourwiredworthinthelate1990s.Ifyouaren’toverwhelmedbye-mail,youmustbedoingsomethingwrong.E-mail.Can’tlivewithit,can’tlivewithoutit.Artistsandrealartists,advertisersandfreedomfighters,loversandswornenemies—they’veallflockedtoe-mailastheywouldtoanynewmediumofexpression.E-mailisconvenient,savestime,bringsusclosertooneanother,andhelpsusmanageourever-more-complexlives.Booksarewritten,campaignsconducted,crimescommitted—allviae-mail.Butitisalsoinconvenient,wastesourtime,isolatesusinfrontofourcomputersandintroducesmorecomplexityintoouralreadytoo-hurriedlives.Toskeptics,e-mailisjustthelatestchapterintheevolvinghistoryofhumancommunication.Yete-mailallonlinecommunicationisinfactsomethingtrulydifferent;itcapturestheessenceoflifeatthecloseofthe20thcenturywithanauthoritythatfewotherproductsofdigitaltechnologycanclaim.Doesthepaceoflifeseemeverfaster?E-mailsimultaneouslyallowsustocopewiththataccelerationandcontributestoit.Areourattentionspansshrivelingunderbarragesofnew,improvedformsofstimulation?Thequickanddirtye-mailismadetoorderforthosewhoseabilitytoconcentrateismeasuredinnanoseconds.Ifweacceptthatthecreationoftheglobal-spanningInternetisoneofthemostimportanttechnologicalinnovationsofthelasthalfofthiscentury,thenwemustgivee-mail,thelivingembodimentofhumanconnectionacrosstheNet,prideofplace.Thewayweinteractwitheachotherischanging;e-mailisboththecatalystandtheinstrumentofthatchange.1.Accordingtothepassage,e-mailisconvenientbecauseit（）2.Theauthorofthispassageisaboute-mail（）3.Whichofthefollowingphrasesistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“give...prideofplace”inParagraph3?4.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT（）5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?问题1选项A.savesourtimeB.introducesmorecomplexityintoourtoo-upsetlivesC.makescommunicationpossibleD.enrichourlives问题2选项A.skepticalB.positiveC.negativeD.firm问题3选项A.takeprideintheplaceB.beproudofC.give...themostimportantpositionD.putstresson问题4选项A.E-mailnotonlyallowsustocopewiththefasterpaceoflifebutalsomakesitacceleratedB.ThewayweinteractwitheachotherischangingC.E-mailcanhelpusmanageourever-more-complexlivesD.Onlyadvertisersmakeuseofe-mail问题5选项A.E-mailisoneofthemostimportanttechnologicalinnovationsofthelasthalfofthe20thcentury.B.E-mailistheinstrumentthatbringsaboutgreatchangesinhumanconnection.C.E-mailhelpsusunderstandtheessenceoflifeatthecloseofthe20thcentury.D.E-mailisnotonlyconvenientbutalsoinconvenient.4.单选题ProfessorLee’sbookwillshowyou（）canbeusedinothercontexts.问题1选项A.thatyouhaveobservedB.howthatyouhaveobservedC.thathowyouhaveobservedD.howwhatyouhaveobserved5.单选题Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitythatwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassicalandmedievalworlds,whileduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm“reading”undoubtedlymeantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewary,however,ofassumingthatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisadistractiontoothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothehistoricaldevelopmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedincharacter.Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreaseinliteracy,andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreased,thenumberofpotentiallistenersdeclined,andthustherewassomereductionintheneedtoreadaloud.Readingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommon,socametheflourishingofreadingasaprivateactivityinsuchpublicplaceslikelibraries,railwaycarriagesandoffices,wherereadingaloudwouldcausedistractiontootherreaders.Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstillconsiderableargumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreatedrespectfully,andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomewaymentallyweakening.Indeedthisargumentremainswithusstillineducation.However,whateveritsvirtueswere,theoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwasreplacedbytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsforaspecializedreadershipontheother.Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate,ifnotimpossible,fortheoralreader.Thesocial,cultural,andtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatlyalteredwhattheterm“reading”implied.1.Whywasreadingaloudcommonbeforethenineteenthcentury?2.Thedevelopmentofsilentreadingduringthenineteenthcenturyindicated（）3.Educationalistsarestillarguingabout（）4.Theemergenceofthemassmediaandofspecializedperiodicalsshowedthat（）5.Whatisthewriter'spurposeinwritingthispassage?问题1选项A.Silentreadinghadnotbeendiscovered.B.Therewerefewplacesavailableforprivatereading.C.Fewpeoplecouldreadforthemselves.D.Peoplereliedonreadingforentertainment.问题2选项A.achangeinthestatusofliteratepeopleB.achangeinthenatureofreadingC.anincreaseinthenumberofbooksD.anincreaseintheaverageageofreaders问题3选项A.theimportanceofsilentreadingB.theamountofinformationyieldedbybooksandnewspapersC.theeffectsofreadingonhealthD.thevalueofdifferenttypesofreadingmaterial问题4选项A.standardsofliteracyhaddeclinedB.printingtechniqueshadimprovedC.readers'interestshaddiversifiedD.educationalists'attitudeshadchanged问题5选项A.Toexplainhowpresent-dayreadinghabitsdeveloped.B.Tochangepeople'sattitudestowardreading.C.Toshowhowreadingmethodshaveimproved.D.Toencouragethegrowthofreading6.单选题Though（）inSanFrancisco,DaveMitchellhadalwayspreferredtorecordtheplainfactsofsmall-townlife.问题1选项A.raisedB.grownC.developedD.cultivated7.单选题Inwhat（）toalastminutestayofexecutionacouncilannouncedthatemergencyfundingwouldkeepalivetwoagingsatellites.问题1选项A.appliesB.accountsC.attachesD.amounts8.单选题Therelationofthesalestaxtotheproblemofsocialbalanceisadmirablydirect.Thecommunityisrichinprivatelyproducedgoods.Itispoorinpublicservices.Theobvioussolutionistotaxtheformertoprovidethelatter—bymakingprivategoodsmoreexpensive,Thepublicgoodsaremademoreabundant.Motionpictures,electronicequipment,andcigarettesaremademorecostlysothatschoolscanbemorehandsomelysupported.Wepaymoreforsoap,make-ups,andvacuumcleanersinorderthatwemayhavecleanercitiesandfeweroccasionstousethem.Wehavemoreexpensivecarsandgasolinesothatwemayhavehighwaysandstreetsonwhichtodrivethem.Foodbeingcomparativelycheapandabundant,wetaxitinordertohavebetterservicesandbetterhealthinwhichtoenjoyit.Thisstraightforwardsolutionhasthefurtheradvantagethatsalestaxationcanbeemployedwithfairefficiencybystatesandevenbycities.Itisintheservicesrenderedbythesegovernmentsthattheproblemofsocialbalanceisespeciallysevere.Theyieldofthesalestaxincreaseswithincreasingproduction.Aswantsareplannedforprivategoods,morebenefitsareprovidedforpublicuse.Thegeneralpropertytax,theprincipalalternativetothesalestax,isrigidandinflexible.Sinceitsratesmustordinarilyberaisedforadditionalservices,includingthosethatareassociatedwithincreasingincomeandproduct,theburdenofprovingneedisespeciallyheavy.Thistaxisapoorservantofsocialbalance.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?2.Theword‘handsomely’(Line5)means（

）.3.Accordingtotheauthor,thechiefadvantageofthesalestaxisthatit

（

）.

4.Thepropertytaxisnotregardedasanidealsolutiontosocialneedsbecause

（

）.

5.Theauthorofthispassageismostinterestedintellingusabout（

）.问题1选项A.Thepropertytaxisdifficulttocollect.B.Thesalestaxcanbeeasilyincreased.C.Thesalestaxhaslittleornosocialvalue.D.Thecommunityhasabundantgoodsproducedbyprivateenterprises.问题2选项A.skillfullyB.generouslyC.earnestlyD.easily问题3选项A.isadirectmeansofachievingsocialbalanceB.canbeimposedbycitiesandstatesC.islesseffectivethanthepropertytaxD.isapplicabletowideareas问题4选项A.itmustbechangedbytheHouseofRepresentativesB.itisnotstraightforwardasisthesalestaxC.itcanbeimposedbycitiesbutnotbystatesD.itsrisedependsonincreasingtheneedforadditionalservices问题5选项A.thecollectionofthepropertytaxB.therelationoftaxestotheproblemofsocialbalanceC.thebalanceofpublicandprivateconsumptionD.thesalestaxasasocialmeans9.翻译题“Intelligence”atbestisanassumptiveconstruct—themeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Anintelligencetestisaroughmeasureofachild'scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.Itdoesnotmeasurecharacter,socialadjustment,physicalendurance,manualskills,orartisticabilities.Tocriticizeitforsuchfailureisroughlycomparabletocriticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa“valid”or“fair”comparison.10.单选题Thestudentsinthedormitorieswereforbidden,unlesstheyhadspecialpasses,

（）after11p.m.问题1选项A.stayingoutB.fromstayingoutC.againststayingoutD.tostayout第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。layupon随…而定,

把重点放在；layout展示,

安排；layup贮存,

搁置,

卧床不起；laydown放下,

制定,

铺设,

主张。句意：条例规定您只能携带20公斤的行李。选项D符合句意。2.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第一句“...sea-coalcollectedrichlyandeffortlessly”可知选项B符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的第一句“Thegearneededforsea-coalingexpeditionswasacuriousandtraditionallyprovenmixturewhichnevervariedfromcommunitytocommunityalongtheentirenorth-eastcoastline.”可知选项B明显错误；人们用这些设备的原因并不是因为他们很传统或者有奇怪的习惯，而是因为这些设备很实用。所以选项C正确。3.细节事实题。根据第二段后半部分“...Theonlyalternativetotherakewasaflatpieceofboardheldinthehand,whichchildrenandotherworkersofadditionalservicecroucheddowntouse.”除了耙子，唯一的选择就是手里拿着一块平板，孩子们和其他需要额外服务的工人可以蹲下来使用。所以选项D符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据第三段的第三句“Onefullsackcouldbeslungthroughthetriangularformatofaman’sbike,anotheroverthecrossbarand,sometimes,evenathirdontopofthat.”一个装满东西的袋子可以挂在男子自行车的三角形支架上，另一个袋子可以挂在横梁上，有时甚至可以在上面放上第三个袋子。由此推断，要想放三个袋子，需要保持其他两个袋子的平衡。选项C正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Onagoodday,thepathtothebeachwasgenerallyadoublesnailtrackofwater...”天气好的时候，通往海滩的道路通常是两条蜿蜒的水道...。所以选项D正确。3.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第四句“E-mailisconvenient,savestime,bringsusclosertooneanother,andhelpsusmanageourever-more-complexlives.”可知选项A正确。2.观点态度题。根据最后一段的倒数第二句“Ifweacceptthat....,prideofplace.”如果我们承认，创建全球范围的互联网是本世纪后半叶最重要的技术创新之一，那么我们就必须将电子邮件放在头等重要的位置，因为这是互联网上人与人之间联系的生动的体现。。由此可知作者对电子邮件态度是积极的。3.语义题。结合原文句意：如果我们承认，全球互联网的创建是本世纪后半叶最重要的技术创新之一，那么我们就必须将电子邮件放在头等重要的位置，因为这是互联网上人与人之间联系的生动的体现。prideofplace指头等重要的位置，选项C符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第二段可知不仅仅是广告商，还艺术家，自由斗士，情侣以及敌人都用电子邮件，所以选项D错误。5.主旨大意题。本文主要主要围绕电子邮件讲述了其特点和作用，意在指出电子邮件是20世纪后半叶最重要的技术创新之一。所以选项A最能概括全文。4.【答案】D【解析】语法题。这是宾语从句中带有主语从句的复杂句子。that不能引导定语从句，所以首先排除选项A和B。how不能做that的先行词，所以选项C也错误，本题选D。句意：李教授的书将会指导你如何将观察所学的东西应用到其他领域。5.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的一二句“Thelastcentury...toreadaloud.”随着人们读写能力的提升,读者人数的増加以及听众的数量减少,所以对大声朗读的需求有所减少。由此推断19世纪以前是因为很少有人能够自己阅读,所以大声朗读很普遍。选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Examinationoffactors...becausethetasksthemselveschangedincharacter.”可知,19世纪无声阅读的发展说明阅读的本质发生了改变,选项B正确。3.细节事实题。根据第三段的第一句“therewasstillconsiderable...mentallyweakening.”关于书籍是否应被用于提供信息或受到尊重,以及诸如报纸之类的阅读材料是否在某种程度上削弱了人们的精神,仍有相当多的争论。由此推断,选项D符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后一句“theoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwasreplacedbytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsforaspecializedreadershipontheother.”旧的共享知识文化已经消失,一方面取而代之的是印刷的大众传媒,另一方面是专门的书籍和期刊阅读。由此推断,读者的兴趣越来越多样化,所以选C。