【习题】外研版选修8-Module-5-课下能力提升十八

课下能力提升(十八)Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式1．Astheeconomydevelops,thenaturalincomegoesupwithaleap(飞跃)．2．Theseforeignershaveputforwardaproposalforajoint(联合的)venture.3．Theword“explode”means“toburst(爆炸)withalotofforceandloudnoise”．4．Willyouactaswitness(见证人)totheagreementbetweenus?5．Over3millionviewerstune(收看)intoourshowdaily.6．Heisfamiliarwithalltheimportanthistoric(history)events.7．TheancientEgyptianshadadvanced(advance)civilizations.8．Afterwaitingforanhour,Iwasbeginningtorunoutofpatience(patient)．9．Notaccustomed(accustom)toassociatingwithbusinesspeople,shedecidedtobeateacheraftergraduation.10．Howcouldyoumakeanassumption(assume)aboutherwithoutmeetingher?Ⅱ.选词填空attheverybeginningof，setfooton，beaccustomedto，eversince，inshock，beawareof，inspiteof，makeit1．Ihaven'theardfromhimever_sincelastyear.2．Everybodyis_aware_oftheimportanceoftheskill.3．Theyelectedhimmonitorat_the_very_beginning_oftheterm.4．Heremainsexcellentinhisstudiesatschoolin_spite_ofhavingtodopart­timejobseverynowandthen.5．Sinceentryintohighschoolthestudentshavebeen_accustomed_tostayinguplateintheeveningandgettingupearlyinthemorning.6．Workhard,andyou'llmake_iteventually.7．Hewasstillin_shockfromwhathadhappenedearlierintheafternoon.8．Nobodyhaseverset_foot_onthatisland.Ⅲ.完成句子1．她一听到这个悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭起来。Scarcelyhadsheheardthesadnewswhensheburst_out_crying/burst_into_tears.2．两个故事我都不喜欢，因为这个故事并不比那个故事有趣。Ilikeneitherofthetwostories.Forthisstoryisno_more_interesting_thanthatone.3．我习惯于在睡觉前听一些轻音乐。Iam_accustomed_to_listening_tosomelightmusic.4．他夹着一大本书，走出了图书馆。Hecameoutofthelibrary,a_large_book_under_his_arm.5．你的作业下周一必须上交。Yourhomeworkis_to_be_handed_innextMonday.Ⅳ.阅读理解ASaturn'sicymoonEnceladuscouldtheoreticallybehometomethane­producing(产甲烷的)alienlife,NASAsaid.Researchersmadetheannouncementbasedondatafrom2015,whenthespacecraftCassinidetectedthepresenceofhydrogenduringaflightthroughacloudofgasandiceeruptingfromEnceladus'southpole.Thehydrogencouldbeasignofmethanogenesis,aformofbreathinwhichmicrobes(微生物)producemethane.ThisisaverysignificantfindingbecausethehydrogencouldbeapotentialsourceofchemicalenergyforanymicrobesthatmightbeinEnceladus'ocean，”LindaSpilker,ascientistatNASA'sJetPropulsionLaboratory,saidatapressconference.“WenowknowthatEnceladushasalmostalloftheingredientsyouwouldneedtosupportlifeasweknowitonEarth.”ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalScience.“Thisistheclosestwe'vecome,sofar,toidentifyingaplacewithsomeoftheingredientsneededforahabitableenvironment，”ThomasZurbuchen,associateadministratorforNASA'sScienceMissionDirectorate,saidinastatement.“TheseresultsdemonstratethenatureofNASA'ssciencemissionsthataregettingusclosertoansweringwhetherweareindeedaloneornot.”NASAalsoannouncedthattheHubbleSpaceTelescopeobservedwhatmayhavebeenwatervaporemergingfromthesurfaceofJupiter'smoonEuropain2014,andagainaroundthesameareain2016.ConfirmingtheexistenceofEuropa'sgaswouldallowresearcherstostudythatmoon'schemicalmakeupwithouthavingtodigthroughmilesoficycrust(表面).TheCassiniandHubblediscoveriesrelatedtothese“oceanworlds”willhelpscientistsplanNASA'sEuropaClippermission,settolaunchinthe2020s.TheplanisfortheunmannedspacecrafttoorbitJupiterandperformadetailedinvestigationofEuropa.“Thesediscoveriesarecomingjustattheperfecttime，”JimGreen,directorofNASA'sPlanetaryScienceDivision,said.“Itenablesustomaketherightsetofobservationsthatcantellusmuchmoreabouttheseoceanworlds,Europainparticular.”eq\x(语篇解读：本文是说明文。飞船探测到气体，表明土卫二可能存在外星生命。)1．Thenewdiscoverymadethescientistsfeelmore________.A．confident B．doubtfulC．worried D．confused解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段中的“Thisisaverysignificantfinding”，第三段中的“Thisistheclosestwe'vecome”及最后一段中的“Thesediscoveriesarecomingjustattheperfecttime”可知，新的发现让科学家们对探测外星生命的任务更加有信心。2．Accordingtothetext,NASA'ssciencemissionsaimto________.A．makespacetravelarealityB．analyzeJupiter'schemicalmakeupC．findoutwhetherlifeexistsoutsideEarthD．exploretheresourcesonSaturn'sicymoon解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段中的“TheseresultsdemonstratethenatureofNASA'ssciencemissionsthataregettingusclosertoansweringwhetherweareindeedaloneornot”可知，NASA科学任务的本质是弄清是否只有地球上存在生命。3．Whichwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ThereislifeoutsideEarthB．EnceladuscouldharboralienlifeC．AnewstudyaboutSaturnbeginsD．NASAisplanningalandingonJupiter解析：选B标题归纳题。本文重点在于告诉我们最近发现土卫二南极有氢气，这个迹象可能是外星生命存在的证明。故B项最适合作文章标题。BTheoddnessoflifeinspaceneverquitegoesaway.Herearesomeexamples.Firstconsidersomethingassimpleassleep.Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.Themainquestioniswhetheryouwantyourarmsinsideoroutsidethesleepingbag.Ifyouleaveyourarmsout,theyfloatfreeinzerogravity,oftengivingasleepingastronautthelookofafunnyballet(芭蕾)dancer.“I'maninsideguy，”MikeHopkinssays,whoreturnedfromasix­monthtourontheInternationalSpaceStation.“Iliketobewrappedup.”Onthestation,theordinarybecomesstrange.TheexercisebikefortheAmericanastronautshasnohandlebars.Italsohasnoseat.Withnogravity,it'sjustaseasytopedalviolently.Youcanwatchamoviewhileyoupedalbyfloatingamicrocomputeranywhereyouwant.Butstationresidentshavetobecarefulaboutstayinginoneplacetoolong.Withoutgravitytohelpcirculateair,thecarbon­dioxideyouexhale(呼气)hasatendencytoformaninvisible(隐形的)cloudaroundyourhead.Youcanendupwithwhatastronautscallacarbon­dioxideheadache.LeroyChiao,54,anAmericanretiredastronautafterfourflights,describeswhathappensevenbeforeyoufloatoutofyourseat.“Yourinnerearthinksyou'refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou'restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that'swhysomepeoplefeelsick.”Withinacoupleofdays—trulyterribledaysforsome—astronauts'brainslearntoignorethepanickysignalsfromtheinnerear,andspacesicknessdisappears.Spacetravelcanbesodelightfulbutatthesametimeinvisiblydangerous.Forinstance,astronautslosebonemass.That'swhyexerciseisconsideredsovitalthatNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)putsitrightontheworkdayschedule.Thefocusonfitnessisasmuchaboutscienceandthefutureasitisaboutkeepinganyindividualastronauthealthy.NASAisworriedabouttwothings:recoverytimeonceastronautsreturnhome,and,moreimportantly,howtomaintainstrengthandfitnessforthetwoandahalfyearsormorethatitwouldtaketomakearound­triptoMars.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在太空中的生活有多神秘？这可能是你想象不到的。本文从不同角度介绍了在太空中生活时你要面对的各种挑战。4．Whatisthemajorchallengetoastronautswhentheysleepinspace?A．Decidingonapropersleepposition.B．Choosingacomfortablesleepingbag.C．Seekingawaytofallasleepquickly.D．Findingarighttimetogotosleep.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.”可知合适的睡觉姿势对于太空中的宇航员是主要的挑战。5．Theastronautswillsufferfromacarbon­dioxideheadachewhen________.A．theycirclearoundontheirbikesB．theyusemicrocomputerswithoutastopC．theyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtimeD．theywatchamoviewhilepedaling解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后三句可知在一个地方时间太长就会引起头疼。6．Someastronautsfeelsickonthestationduringthefirstfewdaysbecause________.A．theirsensesstopworkingB．theyhavetostandupstraightC．theyfloatoutoftheirseatsunexpectedlyD．theirbrainsreceivecontradictorymessages解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段的“Yourinnerearthinksyou'refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou'restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that'swhysomepeoplefeelsick.”可以推知由于他们的大脑接受到相反的信息而引起了他们的恶心。7．OneofNASA'smajorconcernsaboutastronautsis________.A．howmuchexercisetheydoonthestationB．howtheycanremainhealthyforlonginspaceC．whethertheycanrecoverafterreturninghomeD．whethertheyareabletogobacktothestation解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知NASA关心他们如何在太空中长时间保持健康。Ⅴ.阅读七选五FivesimplethingsthatareactuallycomplexTheprooffor“1＋1＝2”is300pageslong__1__Intheearly20thcentury,BertrandRussellwantedtoprovethatmathematicsworked,sohedecidedtostartwiththesimplestconceptandprove1＋1＝2.However,ittookthemathematicianandphilosopher372pagesofcomplexsums.Definingtheword“the”isreallydifficultTheword“the”isoneofthemostcommonwordsinEnglish.__2__Forexample,whydowesay,“Ihavetheflu，”butnot“Ihavetheheadache？”IntheOxfordEnglishDictionary,therearealmosttwodozendifferentwaysthewordcanbeusedinasentencecorrectly.YawningSomepeoplesayweyawntokeepusalert(警觉的)bytakinginoxygen.However,variousexperimentshaveshownthatyawningactuallycoolsdownthebrain.__3__Asforwhyyawningiscontagious(感染性的),nooneknowsthateither.LeftandrighthavebeenconfusingphilosophersforyearsWouldyouexplaintheconceptofleftandrightintermsofyourrelativepositiontoawell­knownlandmark(地标性建筑)?__4__It'saquestionthathasbeenpuzzlingphilosophersforyearsbecause,withoutapointofreference,it'sdifficulttodefinewhatleftandrightactuallyare.__5__You'dthinkthatthereasonweenjoythingsisbecauseitfeelsgoodinsomeway,butit'sonlyhalfthestory.There'safamousexperimentwherewineexpertswerefooledintothinkingacheapbottleofwinewasanoutstandingonejustbyswitchingthelabels.Theirenjoymentoftheproductwasn'tbasedonappreciationofwine—itwasbasedonthefactthattheyweretolditwasgoodwine.A．WhatyoufeelmaynotbethetruthB．WeenjoythingsforreasonsotherthanenjoymentC．Butwhatifyouweretalkingtoonewhocouldn'tsee?D．Weallknowthatoneplusoneequalstwo,butdoyouknowwhy?E．Infact,thereisnouniversallyagreedtheoryforwhyweactuallyyawn.F．Maybeyou'drefertothemoveoftheEarthorsomethingcomparablyhuge.G．Mostofushaveprobablyneverstoppedtothinkabouthowstrangeaword