高一升高二暑假英语非谓语动词教案

ISO讲义学员姓名：年级：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课日期授课时段授课主题非谓语动词教学目标通过本节课非谓语动词的学习与探究，了解非谓语动词通过高考真题的练习与分析，掌握非谓语动词的考点教学重难点不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立结构等用法对比教学内容非谓语动词非谓语动词一、判断下划线部分在句中的成分。(1)Thisisaninterestingbook.()(2)Seeingtheteacherenteringtheroom,thestudentsstoodup.()(3)Isawtheboywalkingonthestreetyesterday.()(4)Playingfootballishisfavotiresport.()(5)Ididn’tstopworkinglastnight.()(6)MyworkisteachingEnglish.()定语、状语、宾语补足语、主语、宾语、表语(7)Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.(_____)(8)Hiswishistobeadriver.(______)(9)Tomwantedtohaveacupofbeer.(______)(10)Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.(_____)(11)Thelettertobepostedisveryimportant.(______)(12)Hestudieshardertomakegreaterprogress.(____)主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语(13)Heisapersonlovedandrespectedbyallpeople.()(14)Thechildrenareveryexcitedaboutgoingtothezoo.()(15)YesterdayIhadmyhaircut.()(16)Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.()定语、表语、宾补、状语考纲解读考纲解读【考点解读】非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing和过去分词等几种形式，这是历年高考必考内容，每年都会有1-2题涉及该部分要点。考点集中在：非谓语动词作定语的区别;动名词和不定式作宾语的用法比较;现在分词和过去分词的用法比较;特定句型中非谓语动词的用法等。【高考考点透视】1.非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比；2.非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点；3.非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式；4.不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立结构等用法对比；5.不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区别是考查的热点；6.过去分词作定语，不定式和分词作宾语补足语的用法；7.不定式标志to和介词to的用法判断等；8.带to与不带to的不定式的用法及区别。知识精讲知识精讲非谓语动词(一)一、非谓语动词的各种形式Heissaidto_be_studyingabroadnow．Heissaidto_have_studiedabroadfor3years．Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,laughing_and_talking．Having_finishedmyhomework,Iwenttobed．二、非谓语动词作主语1．不定式作主语：往往表示一次性的、具体的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置。2．动名词作主语：往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验，有时也可用it作形式主语，但仅限于几个句型。Itisagreathonorto_be_invited_to_speak_here．Playing_the_pianoismyhobby．注意：it作形式主语代替动名词，常出现在Itisnouse/gooddoing．．．,Itisusefuldoing．．．,Itisawasteoftimedoing．．．等句型里。三、非谓语动词作宾语动词的不定式和动名词形式可以作宾语，但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语，如果作介词宾语，不定式符号to前面往往有疑问词。1．只跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)afford,agree,decide,determine,expect,refuse,manage,hope,plan,want,fail,wish,ask,pretend,promise,happen,wouldlike,setout等。Ican'tafford_to_take_a_holidaythissummerbecauseoftheproject．Hedetermined_to_return_homeearly．2．只跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)advise,admit,advocate,allow,appreciate,avoid,enjoy,delay,deny,consider,miss,fancy,finish,forbid,practise,imagine,suggest,escape,resist,risk,mind,feellike,insiston,setabout等。ItwasfortunatethatJacknarrowlyescaped_being_killedinatrafficaccident．Doyoufeel_like_going_outforawalk?3．跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，且意义差别不大的动词like,love,prefer,hate,begin,start,intend等动词后面接动词不定式多指具体的动作；接动名词多指一般或习惯性行为。Shestarted_playing/to_playtheviolinwhenshewasfour．4．跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同，但形式不同的动词在主语表示物的句子中，且作“需要”讲时，need,want,require后接v．­ing形式和不定式形式所表示的意义相同，但是v．­ing形式用主动式，不定式用被动式。YourT­shirtneeds_washing/to_be_washed．Mybicyclewants_repairing/to_be_repaired．5．跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，但是意义不同的动词tryeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo尽力做……,doing尝试做……))meaneq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo打算做……,doing意味着做……))forget/remembereq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo忘记/记得去做……某事未做,doing忘记/记得做过……某事已做))regreteq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo遗憾要做……,doing后悔做过……))gooneq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo继续做……另外一件事,doing继续做……同一件事))stopeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo停下来去做……另一件事,doing停止做……停下正在做的事))can'thelpeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo不能帮忙做……,doing忍不住要做……))非谓语动词(二)四、非谓语动词作表语1．不定式：表示某一特定行为，尤其是将来的或有待实现的行为。2．动名词：不强调动作，只说明动作的名称，或主语的内容。3．现在分词：表示主语具有的特征。4．过去分词：表示主语的感受或所处的状态。Mywishisto_beascientist．Thereasonhegavewasveryconvincing．Heisshockedatwhathappenedtohisson．五、非谓语动词作补足语1．不定式：表示动作的全过程或经常性、反复性。2．现在分词：表示一个主动、正在进行的动作。3．过去分词：表示一个被动或完成的动作。Themotherurgedthelittleboyto_go_to_bed．Icaughthimreading_my_private_letters．Hewenthomehappilywithhishomeworkfinished．表示“看”(lookat,notice,observe,see,watch)，“听”(listento,hear)，“感觉”(feel)意义的动词(短语)和使役动词(make,have,let)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to。六、非谓语动词作定语1．不定式：一般位于被修饰词之后，表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作。2．动名词：一般位于被修饰词之前，说明被修饰词的用途。3．现在分词：表示主动、正在进行的意义。4．过去分词：表示被动、完成的意义。Areyougoingtoattendthemeetingto_be_held_in_the_hall?Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasegoandwaitinthe_meeting_room．Thereismuchthatcanbedoneabouttheproblemarising_from_carelessness．Mostofthepeopleinvited_to_the_partywerefamousscientists．七、非谓语动词作状语不定式作结果状语常表示“出乎意料”的结果，而现在分词作结果状语常表示“自然而然”的结果。此外，不定式还可作目的、原因状语等；现在分词还可表示时间、原因、伴随等情况；过去分词还可表示时间、原因、方式、条件等。To_pass_the_College_Entrance_Exam,_wemustworkhard．Theplanecrashed,killing_all_the_people_on_board．Encouraged_by_his_teacher,_hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthedifficulties．八、独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，若不一致，则非谓语动词需带有自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。The_students_seating_themselves,_theprofessorbeganhislecture．Her_glasses_broken,_shecouldn'tseetheroadclearly．完成句子（考查短语和中英文逻辑转换10-20）翻译句子（作文基础10）阅读理解（6，2易，2中，2难）AExperienceNativeAmericanCultureIfyou’dliketoexperiencenativeAmericancultureandappreciateitsstayingpower,thefollowingscanbeyourbestchoices.IndianPuebloCulturalCenterLocatedinAlbuquerque,NewMexico,theIPCChighlightsthecultureofthestate’s19pueblos（印第安人村庄）.Everyweekend,dancersofZunipuebloperforminthecenter’ssquare.There’samuseum,anannualfilmfestival,acaféservingauthenticpueblofoodlikefrybread,andaworld-classresearchlibraryopentothepublic.AmericanIndianFilmFestivalThisoldestandbestknownfestivalinthecountrymainlyaboutthestoriesaboutthestoriesofAmerica'soriginalpeople.Therearescreenings,groupdiscussionsandanawardsceremony.PastguestshaveincludeddirectorChrisEyre,actorsAdamBeach,andChaskeSpencer.ThefestivalrunsforninedaysinNovemberinSanFrancisco.TicketsarereservedatAIFF’Swebsiteorbye-mail.BerkeleyIndigenousPeoplesDayPowwowAmongtwodozenU.S.citiesandonestateobservingIndigenousPeoplesDaycurrently,Berkeley,CaliforniawasthefirstcityinthecountrytoturnColumbusDayintoacelebrationofNativeAmericans.Theannualeventfeaturestraditionaldancing,retailerssellingnativecraftsandfood,andablessingofthegrounds.PetroglyphNationalMonumentOneofthelargestpetroglyph（岩刻）sitesinNorthAmericaisonacliffoverlookingthesuburbsofAlbuquerque,NewMexico.There,nativepeoplesscratchedthousandsofmysteriousshapesanddrawingsofanimalsandhumansintothestonesbetween400and2,000yearsago.WhentheSpanishtraveledthroughinthe16thcentury,theyaddedtheirinitialstotheIndians’sacredstones.It'savisualrecordoftheconflictofcultures.21.Wherecanvisitorsinterestedinfilmsanddancinggo?A.IndiaB.BerkeleyC.AlbuquerqueD.SanFrancisco22.HowcanvisitorsgetticketstoAIFF?A.Bybookingonline.B.Bymakingacall.C.Bygoingthereinperson.D.Bysendingatextmessage.23.WhichistrueaboutthePNM?A.It'slocatedbelowacliffinAlbuquerque.B.Thesculpturesareeasytounderstandnow.C.TheSpanishoncedestroyedsomesculptures.D.Thesculpturesreflecttheconflictbetweencultures.BWe’veallheardthestoriesofanactor’sstrugglesbeforeacareerbreakthrough:livingahardlife,workingparttime,beingacouchpotatobeforegettingthatmajorrole.Shelby,thestarof"ADog’sWayHome,”hasahard-lucktalethatcouldtopthemall.Beforeherbigbreak,shewaslivinginalandfill,rootingthroughgarbageforhernextmeal.Shelby’sbigbreakcameinApril2017,whenanimal-controlofficerMeganBuhlerwasdrivinginCheathamCounty,Tennessee.Outonanunrelatedcall,Buhlerspottedandapproachedwhatsherecalledwasanoticeablyscaredpuppyemergingfromthedump.“Ikneltdownandjustsaid,‘Oh,comehere,baby,’saidBuhler.”“Shewassoscared,butshecamerightuptome,andIwasabletoputherinmytruck.”Thepairheadedtothecountyanimalshelter,wherethestaffbegancallingthenewresidentBabyGirl.Buhlerandothersdidn’tknowthat3,200kilometersaway,HollywoodwaslookingforadogtoplayBellainafilmwrittenbyCathrynMichon.Thefind-a-BellajobwenttofreelancetrainerTeresaAnnMiller.HermissionwastosearchsheltersnationwideforadogthatcouldplayBella.Oneday,MillerspottedBabyGirl’sadoptionphoto.“Honestly,itwasareallygoodpicture,andshewasflat-outsmiling,”Millersaid.ThenshemetBabyGirl,andassessedheronpersonalityandtheabilitytorespondtosimplecommands.Afterassessment,sheadoptedBabyGirlfromtheshelter,renamedherShelbyandtookhertoCaliforniafortraining.MillerandShelbytrainedforjustoverthreemonthsbeforefilmingbegan.Thentheyweretogethereachdayontheset.Mostofthefilm’sreviewshavepraisedShelby’sperformance.Varietymadethecomments“anamazingdog,perfectperformance!”Shelbyhascomealongwayfromthegarbagedump.ButBuhlersaidwhenshesawShelbyrecentlyshejustneededonlyasecondtocomparethemoviestarwiththedogshefoundfrompilesoftrash.“She’sexactlythesame,”Buhlersaid.24.Whydoestheauthormentionanactor’sstrugglebeforeacareerbreakthroughattheverybeginning?A.Toclearlypointoutthemainideaofthepassage.B.Toattractreader’sattentionbygivingdramaticexamples.C.Tointroduceadog’ssimilarbutevenmorestrikingexperiences.D.Tomakeasharpcontrastbetweenanactor'sstruggleandadog'sstruggle.25.WhatfinallyhelpedBabyGirlgetthebigroleinthefilm?A.HeradoptionpictureB.HerpersonalityandabilityC.Herflat-outsmilingD.Hermiserableexperiences26.Bysaying"Sheisexactlythesame"inthelastparagraph,Buhlerprobablymeans.A.thedoglookedexactlythesameasbeforeB.thedog’sreallyexcitedtolivesuchahappylifeC.thedogreturnedtothepilesoftrashwhereshefounditD.thedramaticchangeofthedog’slifehasn’tchangedherinnerquality27.Whatdoyouthinkmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheTrainerandHerStarDogB.Shelby'sHard-luckStoryC.FromaLandfillPuppytoaMovieStarD.TheSuccessof“ADog'sWayHome”CThefamousscientistStephenHawkingspokeatasciencefestivalinNorwayin2017,“Wearerunningoutofspaceandtheonlyplacestogotoareotherworlds…Spreadingoutmaybetheonlythingthatsavesusfromourselves.I'mconvincedthathumansneedtoleaveEarth.”Hawkingwasnotaloneinthisview.Manyexpertsfeelthattheonlywayforhumanitytolastfarintothefutureistocolonize（移民于）otherplanets.Thatway,ifaterribledisease,nuclearwarorsomeotherdisasterstrikesEarth,civilizationasweknowitwouldstillhaveachance.Marsisoneofthemostattractivedestinations.NASA,theUnitedArabEmirates,theprivatecompanySpaceX,andtheorganizationMarsOneallhaveplanstosendhumansthere.“EitherwespreadEarthtootherplanets,orweriskgoingextinct,”SpaceXfounderElonMusksaidataconferencein2013.ButnoteveryoneagreesthatcolonizingMarsoranyotherplanetissuchagreatplan.Themostcommonargumentagainstgoingisthatit'sjusttooexpensiveordangerous.Itwilltakehugeamountsofmoneyandotherresourcesjusttogetpeoplethere,letalonesetupaplaceforthemtolive.It'snotevenclearifhumanscouldsurviveonMars.Oneofthebiggestdangersthereisdeadlyradiationthatruinstheplanet.MaybeallthetimeandmoneypeoplewouldpourintoaMarsmissionwouldbebetterspentonmoreurgentprojectshereonEarth,likedealingwithpovertyorclimatechange.Someexpertsarguethathandlingaproblemlikeanasteroid（小行星）strikeordiseaseoutbreakwhilestayinghereonEarthwouldbemucheasierandlessexpensivethansurvivingonanewplanet.Inaddition,movingtoanewplanetcouldharmordestroyanythingthatalreadylivesthere.Marsseemsuninhabited,butitcouldpossiblyhostmicro-organismlike.HumanvisitorsmaydestroythislifeorpermanentlychangeordamagetheMartianenvironment.Somefeelthat'stoomuchofarisktotake.28.WhydidtheauthormentionNASA,theUnitedArabEmirates,SpaceXandMarsOne?A.TostresstheriskofdyingoutonEarth.B.ToprovideevidenceforHawking'stheory.C.ToshowgrowingintentionofmovingtoMars.D.Toexplaintheadvancedtechnologyinastronomy.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.CivilizationisdifficulttomaintainonEarth.B.ItiscostlyandriskytocolonizeMars.C.Povertyisthemosturgentproblemtohandle.D.AllthetimeandmoneyshouldbespentonEarth.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"uninhabited"meaninthelastparagraph?A.Notfittoliveon.B.Notsteadytokeep.C.Noteasytoapproach.D.Notsafetosetfooton.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Mars,OurFuturePlanetB.MovingtoANewPlanetC.ShouldWeColonizeMars?D.StayHomeorOuterSpace?DAsapopularsubjectofstudyamongevolutionaryecologists,three-spinedstickleback（三刺鱼）isknownfortheirdifferentshapes,sizes,andbehaviors-theycanevenliveinbothseawaterandfreshwater,andunderawiderangeoftemperatures.Butwhatmakesthat?Theresearcherstrackedsixpopulationsofthefishbeforeandafterseasonalchangestotheirenvironment,usinggenomesequencing（基因组测序）.Seasonalchangesresultingreatchangesinhabitatstructureandbalanceofsaltandfreshwater,andonlythosefishabletotoleratetheserapidchangessurviveintothenextseason.“Thesechangesprobablyresemblethehabitatshiftsexperiencedbysticklebackpopulationsduringthepast10,000years.”saysProfessorBarrett“Wehopetogaininsightintothegeneticchangesthatmayhaveresultedfromnaturalselectionlonginthepast.”Remarkably,theresearchersdiscoveredtheevidenceofgeneticchangesdrivenbytheseasonalshiftsinhabitats,whichmirroredthedifferencesfoundbetweenlong-establishedfreshwaterandsaltwaterpopulations.“Thesegeneticchangesoccurredinindependentpopulationsoverasingleseason,highlightingjusthowquicklytheeffectsofnaturalselectioncanbedetected,”saysProfessorBarrett,“Thefindingssuggestthatwemaybeabletousethegeneticdifferencestopredicthowpopulationsmayadapttoenvironment.”Theresearchemphasizestheimportanceofstudyingspeciesindynamicenvironmentstogainabetterunderstandingofhownaturalselectionoperates.Infurtherresearch,theyplantoinvestigatehowrepeatabletheobservedgeneticchangesare,bytestingwhethertheyshowupyearafteryear.Doingsowoulddemonstratetheirabilitytoreliablyforecasttheevolutionaryfutureofthesepopulations.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"refertoinParagraph1?A.Sticklebackcanadapttodifferentlivingconditions.B.Sticklebackispopularwithevolutionaryecologists.C.Sticklebackisunderawiderangeoftemperatures.D.Sticklebackhasdifferentshapes,sizes,andbehaviors.33.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.ThepurposeoftheresearchB.ThedifficultiesoftheresearchC.ThemethodsoftheresearchD.Thebackgroundoftheresearch34.Whatisthemainreasonforstickleback'ssurvival?A.HabitatshiftsB.GeneticchangeC.SeasonalchangesD.Independentpopulations35.Whywillscientistsstudytherepetitionofthegeneticchanges?A.Toknowwhatnaturalselectionis.B.Tostudyspeciesindynamicenvironments.C.Totestthereliabilityofthepresentdiscoveries.D.Toforecasttheevolutionaryfutureofcertainspecies.21-23CAD24-27CBDC28-31CBAC32-35ACBD七选五（3，1易，1中，1难）Howcanwecompletelyconcentratewhilestudying?Herearethingsyoumustnotdotoconcentratebetterwhenyoustudy.Focusingonthingsoutsideofyourcontrol.36,butyouhaven’tevenlookedatthematerialthat’scoveredyet.Ohgod,sostressful.Whydidn’tIstartstudyingearlier?Youneedtofocusonwhatyoucandoandtakebackcontroloverthesituation.Youstillgotaweeklefttoworkwith.Approachingstudyasachore.37.Doyouhavetostudy?No,youwanttostudy.Nooneisforcingyoutostudyandeveniftheytry,youfinallyhavethechoiceastowhetheryouwillstudyornot.Whenyouapproachstudyingassomethingyouwanttodo,it'saveryslightchangethathasadeepimpactonhowwellyoustudy.38Youneedtoknowexactlywhereyou'regoingandwhatyou'regoingtoaccomplishduringyourstudysession.Andthatbringsyoutoyournextpoint.CopyinghowotherpeoplestudySomepeopleare“geniuses”（天才）thatcanreadsomethingjustonceandremembereverythingthattheyread.39——yourjobistofigureoutwhatyoursare.Areyoumorevisual，auditory，orkinesthetic（听觉的、动觉的）?Ifyoufindreadingtextbooksdifficult,switchovertoaudio（音频的）materialbylisteningtolecturesandfindingvideosonline.Finishingstudysessionswithoutreflecting40.Youneedtotakenoteofwhatworkedandwhatdidn’tworkthroughoutyourstudysession,soyoucanmakeuseofthatknowledgeinthefuture.StudyingwithoutsettingacleargoalIt'soneweekbeforeyouattendyourfinaltestsWeallhaveuniquestrengthsandweaknessesSettingyourselfupforfailureinbadenvironmentsYoushouldreflecttolearnmoreabouthowyoubeststudyStudyingdoesn'tmeanreadingtextbooksorre-readingyournotesThere’sabigdifferencebetweenhavingandwantingtodosomething36-40BGACE完形填空（6，1易，1中，1难）单句语法填空（考查单词变形10-20）1．(全国卷Ⅰ)Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong________(see)thebenefit．答案：tosee句意：为了证实跑步的好处，你不必跑得太快或者太久。用不定式作目的状语。2．(全国卷Ⅰ)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof________(die)earlybyrunning．答案：dying作介词of的宾语，使用动名词，故填dying。3．(福建百所重点学校高三联考)________(use)adifferentmentalapproachmighthelpexplainwhypeoplewithmathanxietystrugglemorewithcomplexproblems．答案：Using根据空格和整个句子的结构可知，此处缺少主语，故使用动名词using和后面的adifferentmentalapproach一起作主语，表示一种概念、习惯和经验。4．(天津高考)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph________(take)．答案：takenhavesth．done“让……被做”，photograph与take之间为被动关系，故用taken。5．(全国卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel________(challenge)．答案：looking;challengedavoid后接动名词作宾语，avoiddoingsth．意为“避免做某事”。feel为系动词，后接形容词，此处表“被挑战的”，修饰人，故用challenged。6．(全国卷Ⅲ)Hewasjustsaying：“I'mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder！”Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme________(stay)andwatch．答案：tostay此处allowsb．todosth．是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填tostay。7．(浙江高考)Istillremember________(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime．答案：visiting此处作remember的宾语，由句意可知，后面应该使用visiting。8．(浙江高考)Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto________(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it'snotwithoutacost．答案：havebecome此处seemto后面跟动词原形，但是从后面的“inrecentyears”可知填不定式的完成式，故填havebecome。9．(北京高考)________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience．答案：Travel(l)ing句意：沿着丝绸之路旅游是一个有趣又有回报的经历。分析句子的结构，句子中缺少主语，故填Travel(l)ing。10．(北京高考)DuringtheMid­AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether________(share)ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes．答案：toshare句意：在中秋节期间，家人们经常聚集在一起来吃饭、赏月和吃月饼。句子的谓语是gather，空格处用不定式作目的状语。11．(北京高考)Ordinarysoap,________(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively．答案：used句意：普通肥皂，如果正确地使用，能够有效地对付细菌。空格处的动词use与前面的soap构成动宾关系，指肥皂被使用，故填used。12．(长春实验中学期末)Don'tget________(depress)byabig,long­termgoal—seewhatstepsyoucantaketoachieveit．答案：depressed句意：不要对宏伟长期的目标感到压抑——看看你能采取什么措施实现这个目标。根据前面的get可知，此处是“get＋过去分词”的结构，故使用depressed。13．(天津高考)Ididn'tmean________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn'thelp________(try)it．答案：toeat;trying句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但是这冰激凌看起来如此好以至于我忍不住吃了它。固定短语meantodo“打算做”，couldn'thelpdoing“忍不住做”。14．(江苏高考)Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,________(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts．答案：exceeding句意：在这期间，新增就业岗位约13,500个，超过市场分析师认为的预期数量12,000。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来的自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填exceeding。15．(北京高考)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants．答案：ranging句意：国家公园里有一大批的野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。根据语境可知，此处用现在分词形式作定语，表示“包括(从……到……)之间的各类事物”。16．(江苏高考)ManyChinesebrands,________(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket．答案：havingdeveloped句意：很多中国的品牌，历经几个世纪树立了良好声誉，正在面临来自现代市场的新挑战。develop的逻辑主语是ManyChinesebrands，两者之间为主动关系，同时后面有时间状语overcenturies，因此用现在分词的完成式，即havingdone的形式。17．(天津高考)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,________(allow)morepatientstobetreated．答案：allowing句意：这家医院近期获得了新的医疗设备，这让更多的病人可以接受治疗。allow与其逻辑主语medicalequipment之间是主动关系，所以要用v．­ing形式作结果状语。18．(北京高考)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree­linedstreet,not________(know)whereshewasheading．答案：knowing句意：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道要去哪里。逻辑主语Jane与know之间是主动关系，且know表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，因此用现在分词knowing，表伴随。19．(全国卷Ⅰ)Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude________(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120­pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia．答案：introducing动词include后缺宾语，需用所给动词的动名词形式作宾语。20．(全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you'llbelesslikely________(bring)yourworkhome．答案：tobring句意：如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。belikelytodosth．“可能做某事”。21．(湖南三校联考)FormerChinesepremierZhuRongjiissaid________(donate)nearly40millionyuanofallofhisbooks'royalty(版税)incomeoverthepasttwoyears．答案：tohavedonated由时间状语overthepasttwoyears可知，此处应用不定式的完成式。Sb．besaidtohavedonesth．“据说某人已经做过某事”。22．(江西九江十校联考)Butconservationistssaythat________(make)ivorylegaltosellwouldleadtoevenmoreillegalhunting．答案：making句意：但(自然环境)保护主义者说使象牙出售合法化会导致甚至更多的非法捕猎。设空处作宾语从句的主语，表达的内容并非指某一次的具体行为，故用动名词形式作主语。因此填making。23．(河南重点高中质检)Ifelthopelessandlonely,andmore________(depress)thanIknewwaspossible．答案：depressed句意：我感到绝望、孤独及前所未有过的沮丧。设空处作felt的表语，故填depressed。24．(牡丹江一中高三摸底)________(face)withadifficultsituation,Amolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice．答案：Facedbefacedwith“面对着……”；本句中应使用短语facedwith．．．对句子主语Amold的情况进行说明，且在句中作原因状语。句意：面对着艰难的形势，Amold决定向老板征询建议。25．(江西红色七校一联)Itis________(shock)thatsomeinvestmentbanksevenjudgecandidatesbywhethertheywearbrownshoes．答案：shocking句意：令人震惊的是：一些投资银行甚至根据申请者是否穿棕色鞋子来对他们作出评判。shocking“令人震惊的”；shocked“感到震惊的”。这两者都是分词化的形容词，v．­ing多修饰物；v．­ed多修饰人。26．DreamoftheRedChamberisbelievedtobesemi­autobiographical,________(mirror)thefortunesofCao'sownfamily．答案：mirroring句意：《红楼梦》被认为是一部半自传性质的小说，它反映了曹雪芹自己家族的命运。“DreamoftheRedChamber”和“mirror”之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填mirroring。27．Anyonewithaneyeontheemploymentsituationknewtheassessmentabouteconomicrecovery________(be)justaroundthecornerwascorrect．答案：being句意：任何关注就业形势的人都知道，有关经济即将复苏的评估是正确的。本句中含有一个宾语从句，即knew后面的部分，从句中，应用动名词的复合结构作主语，recovery和be之间存在主谓关系，故填being。28．Theproblemwiththecurrentsystemallowsanyonetocommitasimilarcrimewithout________(punish)．Itneedstobefixed．答案：beingpunished句意：现行制度的问题是允许任何人犯下类似的罪行而不受惩罚，因此需要对其进行修改。介词后面跟动名词作宾语，另外“anyone”和“punish”之间存在被动关系，故填beingpunished。29．The19thPartyCongressdrewupablueprintforChina'sdevelopmentinthenextthreedecadesandmore．________(turn)thisblueprintintoreality,wemustbedown­to­earthinourapproach,takeonestepatatimeaswemoveforwardanddeliversolidoutcomes．答案：Toturn句意：中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会为中国未来三十年甚至更长的时间的发展制定了蓝图。要把这一蓝图变为现实，我们必须脚踏实地，稳步前进，取得坚实的成果。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。30．Theyoungman,________(catch)inheavytrafficontheway,gothomeanhourlaterthanusual．答案：caught句意：这个年轻人，在路上堵车了，比往常到家晚了一个小时。becaughtin“陷入”，作状语时省掉be动词，此处为过去分词短语表原因。31．Theeducationalreformisnowunderwaythroughoutthecountry,________(grant)thestudentsmoreopportunitiestodeveloptotheirgreatestpotential．答案：granting句意：全国正在进行教育改革，给了学生们更多发挥最大潜力的机会。“________thestudentsmoreopportunitiestodeveloptotheirgreatestpotential”作状语，逻辑主语和grant之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，作结果状语。32．Itisnotnecessary________(bargain)onthissmallamount．答案：tobargain句意：没有必要为这么少的数额讨价还价。句中it作形式主语，空格处应用不定式作真正的主语，构成“It's＋adj．＋todosth．”结构。33．Itisawasteoftime________(persuade)suchapersontojoinus．答案：persuading句意：劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。Itisawasteoftimedoingsth．“做某事是浪费时间”。34．________(dress)inherfavoriteskirt,sheseemedtobemoreconfident．答案：Dressed句意：穿着她最喜欢的裙子，她看起来更自信了。bedressedin“穿着”，表示状态，本句中，过去分词短语“dressedin．．．”作状语。35．Withallmyjobs________(do),Iwillgooutforapicnic．答案：done句意：所有的工作完成了，我将出去野餐。此处为with复合结构，本句中宾语myjobs和do之间存在被动关系，故填过去分词done表被动和完成。36．I'dliketoseetheplan________(carry)out．答案：carried句意：我想看到这个计划被执行。plan与carryout之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。37．Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silver________(be)thebestofall．答案：being句意：几乎所有的金属都是良好的导体，其中银是最好的。句中的两部分由逗号分隔，无连词，逗号前面是含有谓语动词的句子；逗号后的部分有其主语silver，由此可推断，逗号后需要用独立主格形式。silver和be之间存在主动关系，故填being。38．Greatly________(encourage),agriculturalresearchersbegantostudythisparticulartypeofplant．答案：encouraged句意：受到了极大的鼓舞，农业研究人员开始研究这种特殊的植物。agriculturalresearchers与encourage之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。39．Shewasthefirstwoman________(win)thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames．答案：towin句意：她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。当名词或代词前有序数词或最高级修饰时，则用不定式作其后置定语。40．Myfriendsaremade________(laugh)bymylittlegirl．答案：tolaugh句意：我的朋友们被我的小女儿逗笑了。使役动词(make,have,let)用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式符号to不能省略。41.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid

1.________

(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel

2.__________

(challenge).

Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme

3.___________

(stay)andwatch.

1.looking:

avoid后接doing作宾语,意为“避免做某事”。

2.challenged:

主语he