f-international-freight-forwarding-industry-in-china-中国国际货运代理行业现状与展望资料

PAGEPAGEii广东外语外贸大学商务英语本科毕业论文 (2013届 )论文题目CurrentsituationandProspectsofInternational（英文）FreightForwardingIndustryinChina论文题目中国国际货运代理行业现状与展望专业学院 商务英语专业学院准考证号班级 准考证号班级作者姓名指导老师作者姓名指导老师完稿时间2013年11月15日完稿时间成绩成绩

Abstract:China’sinternationalfreightforwardingindustryhasacloserelationshipwithChinaforeigntrade.ThispaperlooksbackatthequickdevelopmentofinternationalfreightforwardingindustryinChinaandpointsoutsomeexitingproblems,andindicatesthatthisindustryissillatitsprimarystageofdevelopment.In2020s,Chinawillbecomethelargesteconomy,overtakingtheU.S.andChina’sforeigntradehasagrowthprospect.Chineseint’lforwarderswilldevelopintolarge-scale,networkingandspecializedforwarders;China’sinternationalfreightKeywords:internationalfreightforwardingindustry,quickdevelopment,exitingproblems,futureprospect摘要:

中国货运代理业同中国经济和外贸紧密联系，本论文回顾中国国际货运代理业的迅速发展并指出一些存在的问题，认为中国国际货运代理业仍然处在其初级发展阶段。在美国金融危机和欧洲债务危机双重影响下，中国国际货运代理业出现增速放缓，然而，本世纪二十年代中国将超越美国成为全球第一大经济体及中国外贸的增长前景，中国国际货代公司将向规模化、网络化和专业化方向发展，中国国际货运代理业仍然前景光明。关键词：国际货运代理业，迅速发展，存在问题，前景PAGECONTENTSTOC\o"1-4"\h\z\u1.Introduction 12.Thepresentsituationofinternationalfreightforwardingindustryinchina 12.1.RapiddevelopmentofInternationalFreightForwardingIndustry 22.2.Problemsininternationalfreightforwardingindustry 32.2.1.Intenseandout-of-orderCompetitionbetweenforwarders 3.Lackofsupervision 3.Pricewarandcommercialbribe 42.2.2.Aprimarystageofdevelopment 5.Medium-and-smallsizedcompanyispredominant. 5.Lackoftrainedpersonnel 6.Lackofcorecompetitiveness 73.Prospects--Greatpotentialforgrowthinfuture 73.1.Large-scale 83.2.Specialization 84.Conclusion 9Workscitied 10PAGEPAGE11.IntroductionAninternationalfreightforwarder,orforwarderforshort,isanagentfortheexporterinmovingcargotoanoverseasdestination.Thecorebusinessofaninternationalfreightforwarderistomoveashipper’sconsignmenttotheconsigneeinanothercountryorareawithinthestipulatedtime,inperfectorderandatthemostcompetitiveprice.Whilethe

freightforwarder

doesn'tactuallymovethe

freight

itself,itactsasanintermediarybetweentheclientandvarioustransportationservices.Internationalfreightforwardingindustrybelongstoserviceindustry,itservicesforeigntrade.Theforwarder’sservicesenabletheexporttoconcentrateonthetaskheisbestat,i.e.themanufactureandsaleofhisproduct.Asapartofinternationalbusiness,internationalfreightforwardingindustryplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade.Therearemainlyfourpartsinthisthesis.Introductionislaidoutinpartone,includingtheimportanceofinternationalfreightforwardingindustry,theorganizationofthisthesis.ParttwoisaboutthepresentsituationofinternationalfreightforwardingindustryinChina,pointingouttwomainproblemsanditsprimarydevelopment.Partthreepresentstheprospectofthisindustry,greatpotentialforgrowthinfuture.Finally,conclusionisprovidedinthepartfour,whichconsistofthefindingofthestudy,limitationofthestudyandconsiderationsonthefurtherresearch.2.ThepresentsituationofinternationalfreightforwardingindustryinchinaFederationofInternationalFreightForwardersAssociation(FIATA)istheworld'sinternationalfreightforwardingindustryorganization;itwassetupatameetingheldinViennaonMay31st,1926.ChinaInternationalFreightForwardersAssociation(CIFA)anationalagentorganizationofinternationalfreightforwardingindustryinChina,itwasfoundedinBeijingonSeptember6th,2000.CIFA,asanon-governmentalorganization,takespartininternationaltradeandtransportationaffairsandcarriesoutinternationalcommercialintercourses,andattendsallkindsofrelatedinternationalmeetings.CIFAjoinedFIATAasastatememberin2001.InChina,internationalfreightforwardingmainlyconsistsofoceanfreightforwardingandairfreightforwarding,ofwhich,theformeraccountsforabout70%oftheoverallinternationalfreightforwardingmarket.Atpresent,capacitysurplusinshippingindustryisstillserious,coupledwiththeslowrecoveryindemandforcargovolume,thegrowthrateofinternationaloceanfreightforwardingmarketscalein2012willfalltoasingledigit.Theinternationalairfreightforwardingmarketoccupiesasmallof15%,accompaniedbylargefluctuations.TheglobalfinancialcrisisleadsdirectlythereductionoftotalvolumeofChinaimportandexporttrade.TheslumpingtrendoftradehasimpactedalotonChineseinternationalfreightforwardingindustry.Underthiscircumstance,mostchinaforwardersarefacingproblemslikedeclineinbusiness,declineinprofit,financialstain,increasedrisks,disorderedmarketandevenbusinessfailure.2.1.RapiddevelopmentofInternationalFreightForwardingIndustryInternationalfreightforwardingindustrystartedlateinChina.Before1988,thereareonlytwostate-ownedfreightforwardingcompanies,namelyChinaNationalForeignTradetransportation(Group)Corporation(abbr.Sinotrans)andChinaOceanShipping(Group)Company(abbr.COSCO).WiththeencouragementandsupportofChinesegovernmentin1988,itdevelopedfast.Attheendof1993thenumberoffreightforwardingcompaniesratifiedbyMinistryofCommerceis510;attheendof1999itreached1600.1990sisfreightforwardingcompanies’goldentime,factoriesandforeigntradecompaniesbeggedthemtoshipgoodsforthem,Moneyismadeeasily.AfterChinaenteringtheWTOin2001,withtherapiddevelopmentofChineseforeigntrade,Chinesedomesticfreightforwardingcompaniesalsodevelopedrapidly.Bytheendof2003,thereare4384internationalfreightforwardingcompaniesinChina;bytheendof2011,therearemorethan27,000companies.Since11December2005,themainlandgovernmenthasallowedtheaccessofwhollyforeign-ownedforwarderstotheindustryaspartofChina’sWTOaccessionterms.Soforeignpeercompaniesalsojoinedthemarkettocompete,competitionhasbeenincreasingtense,seller’smarketgraduallydevelopedintobuyer’smarket.From1998to2011,China'sinternationalforwardingindustrywitnessedanaverageannualgrowthrateofmorethan10%inmarketscale.However,increasinglaborcost,RMBappreciation,descendingdemandproducedbyeconomicrecessionintheU.S.andEurope,increasingcargotransportationcapacity,plushighfuelprices,internationalfreightforwardingmarketin2012showedcontraction.2.2.ProblemsininternationalfreightforwardingindustryAtpresent,thoughChina’sinternationalfreightforwardingindustrydevelopsfast,thereexitsomeproblems.Firstly,thecompetitionsbetweenforwardersarefierceandoutoforder;Secondly,.郭俣.\o"该结果由/提供".郭俣.\o"该结果由/提供"我国国际货运代理业市场竞争环境分析.现代商贸工业,2010(9).2.2.1.Intenseandout-of-orderCompetitionbetweenforwardersIntenseandout-of-ordercompetitionshowsintworespects.Ononehand,supervisionfromgovernmentisinsufficient.Ontheotherhand,pricewarisprevailinginfreightforwardingmarket..LackofsupervisionThereareonlyonestipulationpromulgatedbyMinistryofCommerce,namelyDetailedImplementingRulesfortheStipulationsoftheP.R.CConcerningtheAdministrationofthe

International

Freight

Forwarding

Industry,butitsconstraintforceislimited.Chinesegovernmentshouldformulatemorebindinglawstosafeguardthe

international

freight

forwarding

marketorder,shouldstrengthen

supervision

andadministrationovertheinternational

freight

forwarding

industryandpromotethehealthydevelopmentofChina's

international

freight

forwarding

industry.梅赞宾中国国际货运代理业发展研究报告.中国物资出版社，2010.P89Inaddition,thegovernmentcan’teffectivelyexecuteitspowerofexaminationandapproval.Forexample,ifyouwanttoregisteranairfreightforwardingcompanyinShenzhen,ChinesegovernmentstipulatestheminimumregisteredcapitalisRMB3million,butinfact,youdon’tneedtohavethatmoney,allyouhavetodoistopayaboutRMB20thousandtosomecompaniesthatspecializeinregisteringcompaniesforothercompanies,andthosecompaniescangetabusinesslicensefromgovernment.Governmentshouldregulatetheforwardingmarketbystrictlyimplementingitsrulesandstipulations.梅赞宾中国国际货运代理业发展研究报告.中国物资出版社，2010.P8.PricewarandcommercialbribeBecauseitisveryeasytogettheaccessintointernationalfreightforwardingindustry;somanysmall-sizedforwardershaveemerged.Thesesmallfreightforwardingcompaniesusuallyhaveonelittleroom,onedesk,onecomputer,onetelephoneandoneortwopeople.Theiroperationcostisquitelow,inordertograbcustomers,thosesmallcompaniesemploypricewarasaweapontocompetewitheachother.Pricewardisturbsregularmarketcompetitionorderandunderminesthehealthydevelopmentofinternational

freight

forwarding

industry.EspeciallyaftertheUnitedSatesfinancialcrisisandEuropeandebtcrisis,Chineseforeigntradegrowthslowedsharply,weakexportandimportaggravatethissituation.Priceswarhasbeenafrequentoccurrencebecauseofviciouscompetition.Fiercecompetitionalsopromptsmanycompaniestobribethepersonwhoisinchargeofimport-exportaffairsinclientcompanies.Commercialbribeisatypicalunfaircompetitionwhichcandisturbthemarketcompetitionorderbadly.Somecompaniesquoteclientsveryseductivelowprice,whentheygettheorderfromtheirclients,theymakeupavarietyofexcusestooverchargetheclients.Iftheclientswanttotakebackgoods,theyhavetopaysomemoney.Thosefreightforwardingcompaniesmakemoneybycheatingtheirclients.Somesmallfreightforwardingcompaniesdon’tcheattheirclients;theycheattheirpeerfreightforwardingcompanies,whichmainlydobusinesswithsmallerfreightforwardingcompanies.Thosefraudulentcompaniesusefakebusinesslicensesandidentificationcardstoestablishbusinessrelationshipwithotherfreightforwardingcompanies.Atfirsttheypayfreightintime,afteraperiodoftime,theypaymonthly.Theycollectfreightfromclientsincash,whentheycollectasmuchashundredsofthousandyuan,theydon’tpaythesupplier,andinsteadtheyclosetheircompaniesanddisappear.2.2.2.AprimarystageofdevelopmentObjectively,internationalfreightforwardingindustryinChinaisstillataprimarystage.Firstly,small-andmedium-sizedforwardersarepredominantinfreightforwardingmarket..Medium-and-smallsizedcompanyispredominant.Currently,thebiggestfreightforwardingcompanyisSinotrans.Bytheendof2011,Sinotranshas26343staffandthetotalassetsareupto27billionyuan,itsservicenetworkisallovertheChinaandoverseasmaincities.ButSinotransisanexception.Top50biggestcompanies’marketshareislessthan15%.Thescaleofmostforwardersissmall.Inmorethan20,000internationalfreightforwardingcompanies,small-andmedium-sizedforwardersaccountforover90%.Manysmallcompanieshavelessthan5employees,theirturnoverandmarketsharearesmall.Staffshavebeenleavingestablishedcompaniestostartuptheirownenterpriseswithlittleknowledgeandlimitedfinance.Thisisleadingtoaproliferationofcompaniesthatcallthemselves“freightforwarders”,buttheyareunabletoprovideasatisfactoryserviceandthisleadstoabadreputationofallfreightforwarders..LackoftrainedpersonnelTrainedpersonnelareinsufficient.Internationalfreightforwardingindustryisanemergingindustry.Onlyveryfewuniversitiesandcollegesruncurriculumsconcerned.Ahandfulofundergraduatesareinshortsupply.Mostofthegraduateschooselarge-scalestated-ownedfreightforwardingcompanies.Privatesmall-andmedium-sizedforwardersaredifficulttorecruitprofessionalundergraduates.Thoseforwardersgenerallyhavetoemployemployeesnewtotheprofessionandprovidelimitedinformalon-the-jobtraining;thoselearnersoftenmakemistakesandcauseunnecessarylosses.Asgeneraluniversities,theteachingoflogisticsdepartmentshouldbepositionedtotrainalargenumberofpracticalprofessionalpersonnelwhomastersolidbasictheoryintherespectofinternationalfreightforwardingindustry,arefamiliarwithrelatedlawsandregulations,andpossessbasicoperationalcapacitytomeettheworkofmoderncommerce.姚大伟.\o"该结果由/提供"我国国际货运代理企业的发展问题初探.中国商贸,2010(16)Frequentemployeeturnoverinfreightforwardingindustryisanotherseriousproblem;manyforwardersarereluctanttotraintheirunprofessionalstaffbecausetheywillfacetheriskoftheemployees'job-hopping.Allfreightforwardersshouldbetrainedintheskillsoftheirprofession.Allthecompaniesinfreightforwardingindustryshouldinvestintrainandskilldevelopment,theycanattractandretaintalentstogrowbyprovidingcareerprospectswithflexibleincentivesandequityparticipationpossibilities.Thegovernmentshouldsetupexaminationoninternationalfreightforwarding,anyonepassestheexaminationcangetacertificate,onlythosewhohaveacertificatecangetajobinthisindustry..LackofcorecompetitivenessMostofChinesefreightforwardingcompanieslackcorecompetitiveness.Competitivefreightforwardingindustryshouldenabletraderstoconsidertheuseofmorefavorabletermsoftrade,becausetradetermsreflectthedegreeofriskattachedtothetrading.In2012onlyoneChinesecompanySinotransenteredthelistofworldtop50biggestinternationalfreightforwardersinannualturnover.Intherespectsofcompanyscale,staffquality,companynetwork,thereisstillalargegapbetweenChineseforwardersanditspeersinwesterndevelopedcountries.Ourmanagementlevel,profitability,andcomparativenesslagfarbehind.Becauseoflackingoverseasnetwork,mostfreightforwarderscan’tofferafull“doortodoor”integratedservice,eveniftheycanfindanoverseasagent,theycan’tgetcompetitivequotation,theyareunabletocompetewithforeignbigforwarders,somoreandmoreexportshipmentsaredesignatedbyoverseasbuyers.MostChineseforwardershaveahistoryoflessthanonedecade,beinglackofprofessionals,theirmanagementlevelispoor.Therefore,Chineseinternationalfreightforwardingindustryisonlyatanearlystageofdevelopment,3.Prospects--GreatpotentialforgrowthinfutureThroughthereexitsomeproblems,it’sanormalphenomenontomostcountriesatanearlystageofdevelopment.It’saninevitablestageofdevelopment.TheprospectofChineseinternationalfreightforwardingindustryisbright.ItwillgrowsteadilywiththesustaineddevelopmentwithChineseeconomy.China’sGDPistheworld’ssecondlargest,onlysmallerthantheUnitedStates.In2012,itstotalexportandimportvolumeisUS$38668.83,accountingfor10.5%ofthetotalworld’sexportandimportvolume.Itstotalexportvolumeisthelargestintheworld,anditstotalimportvolumeisthesecondlargestintheworld.ItisestimatedChinawillsurpasstheUnitedStatesinthetotalexportandimportvolumein2015,andChinawillbecomethelargesteconomicentityin2020s.China'srapideconomicgrowthhasacceleratedcirculationofgoods,informationandservicesinthewholesociety,thusprovidingabroadmarketspaceforthedevelopmentofinternationalfreightforwardingindustry.China’svastdomesticconsumingmarketanditscomparativecostadvantagestillplayanimportroleinpromotingexport.Chinaremainsthefactoryoftheworldandwillbecomeaworldcargodistributioncentre.China’sinternationalfreightforwardingindustrywillgrowinpacewithChina’sforeigntrade.In2015,China'sinternationalfreightforwardingbusinesswillaccountforapproximately31%ofthetotalimport-exportvalueofforeigntrade,withacompoundaveragegrowthrateof8.4%.Andfreightforwardingindustryremainsahotspotforinvestment.So,China’sinternationalfreightforwardingindustryhashugepotentialforgrowth.3.1.Large-scaleLargescale,Networkedandspecializedforwardersarethedirectionoffuturedevelopment.Internationalfreightforwardersislargelydependantonaneffectivelyagencynetworktoprocesscargo.Asreliableandspeedydeliveryisthekeytosuccessfulfreightforwardingservices,Mostofthelargerforwardershaveawidenetworkofoverseasbranches,andactasagentsforinternationalairandoceanliners.SoChina’sinternationalfreightforwardingindustryshouldSpeedupmergersandacquisitions(M&A)inordertobreedabatchoflargefreightforwardingenterprisesthathavehighqualityofserviceandareabletocompeteinternationally.3.2.SpecializationSpecializationisanotherdirectionoffuturedevelopment.Small-sizedforwardersshouldbeencouragedandguidedtomakeserviceinnovation.Small-and-all-inclusiveforwarde