6语用练习课件

ExercisestoPragmaticsPragmatics:1.WhatisPragmatics?2.WhydowehavetostudyPragmatics,sincewehavesemantics?3.Whatarethe4deixis?4.SpeechActTheory5.PerformativeandConstative

6.ThetheoryofIllocutionaryAct7.CPPP2.Semanticsisthestudyofmeaningthatcomesfrom‘purelinguisticknowledge’Pragmaticsconcernsallthe‘aspectsofmeaningthatcannotbepretictedbylinguisticknowledgealoneandtakesintoaccountknowledgeaboutthephysicalandsocialworld.’Sopragmaticsisthestudyofmeaningthatisnotaccountedforinsemantics.1.AccordingtoC.MorrisandR.Carnap,_C____studiestherelationshipbetweensymbolsandtheirinterpretersofalistener.A.SyntaxB.SemanticsC.PragmaticsD.Sociolinguistics2.Thereare___A___deixisinthesentence“shehassoldithereyesterday.”.

A.3B.4C.5D.63.Wecandothingswithwords----thisisthemainideaof___A___.

A.theSpeechActTheory

B.theCo-operativeprinciplesC.thePoliteprinciplesD.pragmatics4.__A___referstotheutteranceofasentencewithdeterminatesenseandreference.

A.LocutionaryactB.IllocutionaryactC.PerlocutionaryactD.Speechact5.__C___maybeusedasanexampleofindirectspeechact.A.“I’lldeclareMr.Williamselectiontomorrow.”B.“Goodmorning!”

C.“couldyouopenthewindow?”D.“Icommandyoutoreportat6inthemorningtomorrow.”6.A:Let’sgetsomethingtokids.B:Okey,butnotI-C-EC-R-E-A-M-S.IntheconversationBvioletsthe__D___.A:QuantityMaximB.QualityMaximC.RelevanceMaximD.ClarityMaxim

7.A:Ireallylikethedinner.B:I’mvegetarian.Thereisa___C__violationintheconversation.A.QuantityB.Quality

C.RelevanceD.Clarity

8.A:Howareyou?B:I’mdead.Thereisa___C__violationintheconversation.A.QuantityB.Quality

C.RelevanceD.Clarity9.A:Wouldyoulikeacocktail?It’smyowninvention.B:Well,mmmuhit’snotthatwedon’tdrink.Thereisa__C___violationintheconversation.A.QuantityB.Quality

C.RelevanceD.Clarity

10.A:AreyougoingtoSteve’sbarbecue?B:Abarbecueisanoutdoorparty.Thereisa__C___violationintheconversation.A.QuantityB.Quality

C.RelevanceC.Clarity11.Pragmaticsdiffersfromtraditionalsemanticsinthatitstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butin___D__.A.relationshipB.dependenceC.sentenceD.context

12.Toanalyzethefollowingsentences___C___isPerformative.A.Youcongratulateme.B.Ienvyyou.

C.Icommandyoutoputoutthatcigarette.D.Iwarnedyounottogo.13.___B__actexpressestheintentionofthespeaker.A.Locutionary

B.Illocutionary

C.PerlocutionaryD.Speechact14.A:DoyouknowwhereMr.Brownis?B:Somewhereinthesuburbsofthecity.SpeakerBviolatesthemaximof___A____.

A.quantityB.qualityC.RelevanceD.Clarity15.A:Thehostessisanawfulbore.Doyouthink?B:Therosesinthegardenarebeautiful,aren’tthey?SpeakerBviolatesthemaximof__C___.A.qualityB.quantity

C.RelevanceD.Clarity16.A:Thisbagisalittlebitheavy.B:Letmehelpyou.WhatistheillocutionaryactofspeakerA?A.Thisbagisheavy.B.Idon’twanttocarryitaway.C.Couldyouhelpmewiththisbag?D.I’mveryhappyaboutit.17.A:Thedresssheiswearingisbeautiful,isn’tit?B:Thepatternisnice.WhatcooperativemaximdoesspeakerBobserve?A.QualityB.Quantity

C.RelevanceD.Clarity18.SpeechActTheorywasproposedby__A___inthelate50’softhe20thcentury.

A.JohnAustinB.JohnSearleC.PaulGriceD.Chomsky19.Oneofthecontributions_B___hasmadeishisclassificationofillocutionaryacts.A.JohnAustinB.JohnSearleC.PaulGriceD.Halliday20.Cooperativeprinciplewasfoundby__A___.

A.PaulGriceB.JohnSearleC.JohnAustinD.Levinson21.AccordingtoAustin’sSpeechActtheory,theactualutteringofasentencewithaparticularmeaningiscalled___B___.A.Perlocutionary

B.locutionaryC.illocutionaryD.indirectspeech.22.A(n)”__B___”meansthatsomesentences,intheutteranceandtheseemingperformanceofaspeechact,performacertainillocutionaryactindirectly.A.directspeechactB.indirectspeechact

C.illocutionaryactD.utterance23.The__A___providedgreatphilosophicalinsightintothenatureoflinguisticcommunication.

A.speechacttheoryB.CPtheoryC.communicativecompetenceD.linguisticcompetence

24.AccordingtoAustin,SpeechActsfallinto___C___generalcategories.A.fourB.twoC.threeD.five25.__A___resultedmainlyfromtheexpansionofthestudyoflinguistics,especiallythatofsemantics.

A.PragmaticsB.pragmatismC.phonologyD.Practicalism26.Oncethenotionof___D____wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A.meaningB.contentC.formD.context27.__D__acttheoryisanimportantinthepragmaticstudyoflanguage.A.SpeakingB.SpokenC.SoundD.Speech

28.Alltheutterancesthatcanbemadetoservethesamepurposemayvaryintheir_A____form.

A.syntacticB.semanticC.grammaticalD.pragmatic29.Ofthethreeacts,Pragmatistsaremoreinterestedinthe__B_____.A.locutionaryactB.perlocutionaryact

C.illocutionaryactD.noneoftheabove

30.Themaximofqualityrequires,donotsaywhatyoubelievetobe__A___.

A.falseB.trueC.briefD.orderly31.MostoftheviolationsofthemaximsoftheCPgiveriseto__C___.A.utterancemeaningB.speechacttheory

C.conversationalimplicatures

D.alloftheabove32.PragmaticsisastudyofA.languagelearningB.languageacquisitionC.languageplanningD.languageinuse

33.ThesignificanceofGrice’sCPliesinthefactthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconvey___A___thatwhichisliterallysaid.

A.morethanB.lessthanC.thesameasD.noneoftheabove34.Ifasentenceisregardedaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomes___D___.A.asentenceB.anactC.aunitD.anutterance35.Thepartoftheresponsetothespeechactedbytheheareris__C___.A.LocutionB.Illocution

C.PerlocutionD.Directaction36.__D___mayperformanactbutlaystressondescribingtheaction.A.SpeechActTheoryB.PerlocutionC.Performative

D.Constative37.A:Goodlucktoyou!B:Thankyou.WhatpolitenessprincipledoesspeakerAobserve?

A.GenerositymaximB.TactmaximC.ModestymaximD.Agreementmaxim38.“Whatamarvelousdinneryoucooked!”Whatpolitenessmaximdoesthespeakeroftheutteranceobserve?A.Sympathymaxim

B.ApprobationmaximC.ModestymaximD.Agreementmaxim39.“IswearIhaveneverseenthemanbefore.”Thissentenceisa____.

A.performativeB.ConstativeC.indirectspeechD.procedure40.ConversationalImplicaturecanbe___.A.CalculabilityB.CancellabilityC.Non-ConventionalityD.allofaboveII.Trueorfalsequestions1.SpeechacttheorywasproposedbyAustinandhasbeendevelopedbyGrice.F2.Searlesuggests5basiccategoriesofillocutionaryactsasfollows:assertives,commissives,expressives,directiveanddeclaratives.T3.“Wecandothingswithwords”----thisisthemainideaoftheSpeechActTheory.T4.“Iherebydeclarewar”isthetypicalutteranceof“speechacttheory”.T5.Atfirst,Austinclassifiesutterancesintotwotypes:constativesandperformatives.T6.“Locution”meansthespeaker’sintention.F7.“Perlocution”isusedtobringeffectsonthehearer.T8.“Canyoupassmethesalt,please?”isaquestion,butitisadirectspeechact.F9.Inacertainsensepragmaticsstudieshowwordsinfluencetheinterpretationofutterances.T10.“Pragmatics“isthestudyofmeaningthatisnotaccountedforinsemantics.T11.“InSemantics”thesentencemeaningshouldbestudied.T12.“Inpragmatics”theutterancemeaningshouldbestudied.T13.TheCPPrinciple,putforwardbyP.Grice,hasfourmaxims,forwritingaswellasspeaking.F14.Deixisisatechnicaltermforoneofthemostbasicthingswedowithutterances.T15.“What’sthat?”thatisalocationdeixis.F

Pragmaticsisconcernedwiththestudyof_16____ascommunicatedbyaspeakerandinterpretedbyalistener.Ithasconsequently__17___todowiththeanalysisofwhatpeoplemeanbytheirutterancesthanwhatthewordsorphrasesinthoseutterancesmightmeanby__18__.__19___isthestudyofspeakermeaning.16.A.speechB.meaningC.utteranceD.communication17.A.lessB.impossibleC.possibleD.more18.A.itselfB.himselfC.themselvesD.yourself19.A.SemanticsB.ContextC.SyntaxD.PragmaticsIfsemanticsisthestudyof__1D__thatcomesfrom‘purelylinguisticknowledge’pragmaticsconcernsallthe‘__A__ofmeaningthatcannotbepredictedbylinguisticknowledgealoneandtakesintoaccountknowledgeaboutthephysicaland__3C__world’.Sopragmaticsisthestudyofmeaningthatisnotaccountedforin__4B__.

a)aspectsb)semanticsc)sociald)meaningSemanticsand__1__arecomplementaryto__2__—hence‘