2022年职称英语考试卫生类B级模拟题(二)

2022年职称英语考试卫生类B级模拟题(二)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请认真阅读短文并依据短文答复其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇PessimismIncreasesRiskofEarlyDeath

A70-yearstudyofpersonalitysuggeststhatpessimism(悲观主义)isariskfactorforearlydeath,especiallyamongmen.

Thestudyresultsalsoindicatethatpessimismcanbelinkedtoincreasedriskforsuddendeathfromaccidentsorviolence,accordingtothereportpublishedintheMarchissueofPsychologicalScience.

ChristopherPetersonoftheUniversityofMichiganandhiscolleaguesanalyzeddatafromtheTermanLifeCycleStudy,whichbeganbystudyingCaliforniapublic-schoolchildrenwithhighIQsin1921andfollowedthemthroughtheirlife.Mostofthe1528childrenwerepreadolescents(少年)whenthestudybegan.Thosestilllivingarenowintheir80s.In1936and1940,participantswereaskedtocompleteaquestionnairedesignedtoobtaininformationaboutdifficultlifeeventsandtheireffectonoveralloutlook.Onesuchquestionwas,“Whatdoyouregardasyourmostseriousfaultofpersonalityorcharacter?”

Pessimistsweredefinedasfatalistic(宿命论的)peoplewhotendtoblamethemselveswhenthingsgowrongandwhobelievethatonebadeventcanruintherestoftheirlife.Theyalsotendtoexpectbadthingstohappentothemandfeelthattheyhavelittleornoabilitytochangetheirsituation.

Malesweremorelikelythanfemalestobeclassifiedaspessimistic.Comparedwithindividualswithamorecheerfulandoptimisticoutlook,pessimistsweremorelikelytodiefromaccidentsandviolence(includingsuicide).

Apessimisticpersonalitymayleadtopoorproblem-solvingability,socialdifficultiesandriskydecisionmaking.Takentogether,thesevariablesputthepessimistathigherriskofuntimely(不适时的)death,saytheresearchers.Suchapersonislesslikelytoavoidorescapepotentiallydangeroussituations,theresearchersconcluded.“Apessimisticwayofthinkinginwhichpeopleworrytoomuchaboutbadevents,foreshadows(预示)untimelydeathdecadeslater,”accordingtoPeterson.

31Accordingtothepassage,youmaybeapessimisticperson,ifonefailuremakesyoufeel

Aotherpeoplehavebeenunfairtoyou.

Botherpeoplewillhelpyou.

Cyoucannotchangeabadsituation.

Dyoucandobetternexttime.

32Accordingtothepassage,pessimistsmayfeelallofthefollowingEXCEPT

Ahelplesswhenfacedwithdifficulties.

Bcheerfulwhenfacedwithtroubles.

Chopelesswhenonebadeventoccurs.

Dguiltywhenthingsgowrong.

33Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

APessimistsbelievethateverythinginlifedependsonfate.

BTherearemorepessimistsamongwomenthanamongmen.

CMostpessimistswillendupcommittingsuicide.

DAllpessimistswilleventuallydiefromaccidents.

34TheTermanLife-CycleStudyisaresearchprogramthatstudies

Apeopleover70yearsold.

Bpeoplesincetheirchildhood.

Cpessimisticpeopleover80yearsold.

Donlyyoungerpeople.

35TheanalysismadebyChristopherPetersonandhiscolleaguesshowsthatpessimisticpeople

Awilldiefromviolenceiftheylearntobeoptimistic.

Bwilldiesooniftheyarenotabletolearntobecheerfulandoptimistic.

CwilldiefromviolencebecausetheirIQsarelow.

Dwillmorelikelydiefromviolencethanoptimisticpeople.

其次篇OnlineCancerChatwithaSafetyNet

CancerResearchUKhaslaunchedanonlinechatforumforcancerpatientstoswapstoriesandshareexperiencesonhowtocopewithsuchadevastatingdisease.

ButCancerChatisaforumwithadifference:ithasaninformationsafetynet.

ThismeansthataCancerResearchUKteamwillkeepawatchingbrieftoensurethatpatientsarenotsubjectedtorogue“cancercures“orscientificallyunsoundinformation.

AnyoneCanhaveaccesstothemessagespostedonCancerChatbutifpeoplewishtopostamessagetheywillneedtoregister.

AndRebekahGibbs,cancerpatientandstarofTV”sCasualtyhaspledgedhersupportforthenewproject.“IthinkCancerChatisabrilliantidea,“shesaid.“IhavewrittenapublicdiaryaboutwhatIwentthroughwithbreastcancerandIhavehadsuchaheart-warmingresponsefromotherpeoplegoingthroughthesamething.

“TheideaofaCancerChatforummeansyoucanshareinformationabouttreatmentandsideeffectsandyoucanreallyopenupaboutyourfeelingsonlineinawaythatcanbedifficultwhentalkingtoclosefriendsandfamily.AndwithCancerResearchUKmonitoringtheforumpeoplecanbereassuredaboutthequalityofinformationbeingexchanged.“

CancerChatwillalsoencourageitsuserstocheckoutanycancerquestionsonitsCancerHelpUKwebsitewhichisspeciallydesignedtogivepatientsandtheirfamilies6,000pagesofup-to-dateinformationthatiseasytounderstandandexplainsawiderangeoftreatmentsfordifferenttypesofcancerandgivesdetailsofclinicaltrials.ThereisalsoaUKdatabaseofcancerclinicaltrials.

Theaward-winningwebsiteattractsaroundonemillionvisitorsamonthandCancerResearchUKhopesthatsomeofthesevisitorswillalsowanttopostcommentsontheCancerChatforum.

Forthosewhodonothaveaccesstocomputersandhavequestionsaboutcancer,thecharity”steamofcancerinformationnursesareavailableduringofficehourstotalkoverpatients”concernsonthephone.

36.CancerChatisdifferentfromotherforumsinthat

Aithasthesupportofafamousactress.

Bitisasourceofreliableinformation.

Citprovidesahugeamountofinformation.

Ditattractsagreatnumberofvisitors.

37.WhichisNOTtrueofRebekahGibbs?

ASheisawell-knownfigureinBritain.

BShegotbreastcancersometimeago.

CShethinkshighlyofCancerChat.

DShehaswrittenaprivatediary.

38.AllthestatementsaboutthemessagespostedonCancerChataretrueEXCEPT

Atheyareavailabletoallvisitors.

Btheirwritersgetpaidforthem.

Ctheyconcernnotjusttreatmentsandsideeffects.

Dtheyarealsoanemotionaloutletfortheirwriters.

39.CancerHelpUKisawebsitethat

Aofferslotsofinformationoncancertreatmentandclinicaltrials.

Battractsnumerousvisitors.

Chaswonanaward.

Dalloftheabove.

40.“Thecharity“inthelastlinebutonerefersto

ACancerResearchUK.

BCancerChat.

CCancerHelpUK.

DTV”sCasualty.

第三篇EatingPotatoesGivesYourImmuneSystemaBoost

Eatingpotatoesisnotonlygoodforbowelhealth,butalsoforthewholeimmuneSystem,especiallywhentheycomeintheformofapotatosaladoreatenCold.Inastudyonananimalmodel,researchersinSpainfoundthatpigsfedlargequantitiesofrawpotatostarch(RPS)1notonlyhadahealthierbowel,butalsodecreasedlevelsofwhitebloodcells,suchasleucocytesandlymphocytesintheirblood.Whitebloodcellsareproducedasaresultofinflammationordisease,generallywhenthebodyischallenged.

Thegeneraldown-regulationofleucocytesobservedbytheSpanishresearcherssuggestsanoverallbeneficialeffect,agenerallymorehealthybody.2Thereductioninleucocytelevelswasabout15percent.Lowerlymphocytelevelsarealsoindicativeofreducedlevelsofinflammation,buttheobservedreductioninbothlymphocytedensityandlymphocyteapoptosisissurprising.

Inwhatwasthelongeststudyofitskind,pigswerefedRPSover14weekstofindouttheeffectofstarchonbowelhealth.“Theuseofrawpotatostarchinthisexperimentisdesignedtosimulatetheeffectsofadiethighinresistantstarch,“saidstudyleaderJoseFranciscoPerezattheUniversitatAutonomadeBarcelona3,Spain.

Humansdonoteatrawpotatoes,buttheydoeatalotoffoodsthatcontainresistantstarch,suchascoldboiledpotatoes,legumes,grains,greenbananas,pastaandcereals.About10percentofthestarcheatenbyhumanisresistantstarch—starchthatisnotdigestedinthesmallintestineandsoisshuntedintothelargeintestinewhereitferments.Starchconsumptionisthoughttoreducetheriskoflargebowelcancerandmayalsohaveaneffectonirritablebowelsyndrome(IBS)4.

ImmunologyexpertLenaOhman”steampreviouslyfoundthattheoveralllymphocytelevelsdonotvaryforIBSpatients,butthatlymphocytesaretransferredfromtheperipheralbloodtothegut,whichsupportthehypothesisofIBSbeingatleastpartiallyaninflammatorydisorder.ShesaysthedecreaseinlymphocytesobservedbytheSpanishisthereforeinteresting,andadietofresistantstarchmaybeworthtryinginIBSpatients.OhmaniscurrentlyattheDepartmentofInternalMedicine,GoteborgUniversity,Sweden5.ThestudyispublishedinthejournalChemistryandIndustry,themagazineoftheSCI6.

41.Whatformofpotatoisthemostnutrienttothehumanbody?

APotatosoup.BPotatocake.

CPotatosalad.DHotboiledpotato.

42.Whatdoesthereductioninleucocytelevelsinthebodymean?

AItmaymeanthereducedlevelsofinflammation.

BItmaymeansomewhereinthebodyisinflamed.

CItmeansthatthebodyischallenged.

DItmeansthatthebodycannotproduceleucocytesanymore.

43.Forwhatapurposedidtheresearchersuserawpotatostarchintheirexperiment?

ATheyWantedtoobservehowtheleucocytelevelsreducedintheexperimentalpigs.

BTheywantedtosimulatetheeffectsofadiethighinresistantstarch.

CTheywantedtoseehowmuchpotatoanexperimentalpigateeveryday.

DTheywantedtoseehowmuchbodyweighteachexperimentalpiggainedintheend.

44.AllofthefollowingfoodsarerichinresistantstarchEXCEPT

ApastaBgrains

ClegumesDvegetables

45.Whatakindofstarchisresistantstarchafterall?

AItmaycauseirritablebowelsyndrome.

BItmaybringaboutatleastpartiallyinflammatorydisorder.

CItmayraiseleucocyteandlymphocytelevelsinthebody.

DItcannotbedigestedinthesmallintestineandfermentsinthelargeintestine.

第5局部：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请依据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

KnowledgeofCosmos

TheScientificAmericanBookoftheCosmoseditedbyDavidLevy,Macmillan,￡20，ISBN0333782933

Previousgenerationsofscientistswouldhavekilledtoknowwhatweknow.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,wehaveaprettygoodideaofthematerialcontentoftheUniverse,ourpositionwithinitandhowthewholethingcameintobeing.

Inthesetimesofexplodingknowledgethereisadefiniteneedtotakestockandassemblewhatweknowinapalatable(受欢送的)form.46.

TheessaysinTheScientificAmericanBookoftheCosmoshavebeenselectedbyDavidLevy,co-discovererofCometShoemaker-Levy9，whichin1994struckJupiterwiththeviolenceofseveralfull-scalenuclearwars.47.Thisiscertainlyagreatcollectionofessays,butitisnot,asthebookpromises,aseamless(完善的，无缝隙的)synthesisofourcurrentknowledge.

NobodycanfaulttherangeofarticlesLevyhasincluded.Thereareessaysontheplanets,moonsandassorteddebris(碎片)intheSolarSystem,andonourGalaxy,theMilkyWay.48.

Thecontributors,too,arestarsintheirownfields.NotmanybookscanboastchapterswrittenbysuchgiantsasErwinSchrodingerandFrancisCrick.MypersonalfavouritesareapiercinglyclearessaybyAlbertEinsteinongeneralrelativityandanarticlebyAlanGuthandPaulSteinhardtontheinflationary(膨胀的)Universe.

Somuchforthebook’scontent.ButLevyhasnotsucceededinprovidinganaccuratesynthesisofourcurrentknowledgeofthecosmos,whichthebookjacketpromises.Gatheringtogetherpreviouslypublishedarticlesinevitablyleavessubjectgaps,missingexplanationsandsoon.49.Butthereisn’tone.Infact,surprisinglyforabooksodenselypackedwithinformation,thereisnoindex.

Collectingessaysinthiswayisclearlyagoodpublishingwheeze(奇妙的办法).Butthisapproachshortchangesthepublic,whowouldbebetterservedbyanaccountmouldedintoaseamlesswhole.50.However,forthenextedition,please,pleasecanwehaveanindex?

ATegmarkfearshemayholdtherecordforthelongesttimetakentoreadonebook

BInamorepositivevein,thisisawonderfulcollectionofessaystodipinandoutofifyoualreadyhaveagoodoverview(概述)ofcurrentcosmicunderstanding

CLevyisanactiveastronomerandanaccomplishedwriter,soyou’dexpecthimtoprovideabroadandaccuratepictureofourcurrentunderstandingofthecosmos

DScientificAmericanhasattemptedtocatertothisneedbybringingtogetheressaysthathaveappearedinthemagazine

ETosomeextent,thesecouldhavebeenpluggedwithaglossary(词表)ofterms

FAlsoincludedarecontributionsontheworldofsubatomicparticles,theoriginoflifeonEarthandthepossibilityofitsexistenceelsewhere

第6局部：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请依据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

HappyMarriage,HappyHeart

Happilymarriedpeoplehavelowerbloodpressure51unhappilymarriedpeopleorsingles,aBrighamYoungUniversitystudysays.

Ontheotherhand,evenhavingasupportivesocialnetworkdidnottranslateintoabloodpressurebenefitforsinglesorunhappily__52___people,accordingtothestudy.

“Thereseemtobesomeuniquehealthbenefitsfrommarriage.It”snotjustbeingmarried__53__benefitshealth-what”sreallythemostprotectiveofhealth”ishavingahappy54,“studyauthorJulianneHolt-Lunstad,apsychologistwhospecializesinrelationshipsandhealth,saidinapreparedstatement.

Thestudyincluded204marriedand99__55__adultswhoworeportableblood-pressuremonitorsfor24hours.The___56__recordedbloodpressureatrandomintervalsandprovidedatotalofabout72readings.

“Wewantedtocaptureparticipants”bloodpressuredoingwhatevertheynormally57ineverydaylife.Gettingoneortworeadingsinaclinicisnotreally__58__ofthefluctuationsthatoccurthroughouttheday,“Holt-Lunstadsaid.

Overall,happilymarriedpeoplescoredfourpoints__59_onthebloodpressurereadingsthansingleadults.Thestudyalsofoundthatblood__60__amongmarriedpeople–especiallythoseinhappymarriages-__61__moreduringsleepthaninsingl