2022届广东省四校第一次联考英语试题【教师版超详细解析】

2022届广东省四校第一次联考英语【教师版】考试时间120分钟，总分120分注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号等相关信息填写在试卷和答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分阅读理解（共两节满分50分）第一节（共15小题每题2.5分满分37.5分）ABrooklynChildren'sMuseumFoundedin1899asthecountry'sfirstmuseumspecificallymadeforchildren,todayBCMiscomprehensive,withapermanentcollectionof30,000objects,includingmusicalinstruments,masksanddolls.KidslovetheinteractiveWorldBrooklyn,asmallcityscape（城市风光）linedbystoreswherechildrencanpretendtobeworkinggrown-ups.Children'sMuseumofManhattanLookingforinteractiveartthatwelcomescuriousminds?ThenheadtoInsideArt,thecurrentshowupatCMOM,whichletsyourlittleonesclimbinandoverandallaroundtheexhibits.It'sideaslikethisthatmakethe40,000-square-footsospecial.Learningaboutculture,historyandscienceisaprideforkidsagedsixandunder.CMOMalsohostsclasses—likeGrossBiologyforkidswhoareinterestedininsects-alldesignedwiththelatestchild-developmentresearchinmind.DiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseumThehands-ondisplaysatthiskid-focusedarmoftheNewYorkHistoricalSocietytransportchildrenbackthrough350yearsofUShistory,withaspecialfocusonNYC．Childrenareencouragedtoclimbaroundandinteractwithexhibitsthathighlightthelivesofkidswhogrewuptobecomefamousdoctors,athletesandpoliticalfigures!LittleNewYorkerscangetinonsing-alongsandcrafts.Otherfamilyprogramsincludecookingsclasses,gamesandstoryhours.StatenIslandChildren'sMuseumStatenIslandChildren'sMuseumnurtures（培养）creativity.Itoffershands-onexperiencesliketheBlockHarbor（plentyofblockstoplaywith!）,larger-than-lifegameslikeConnectFourandDominoes,andeventheopportunitytoclimbthroughahuman-sizedanthillorplayfirefighteratLadder11,soyou'llfindimmersive（沉浸式的）funaroundeverycorner.Don'tforgettostopbyGreenLivingRoompoweredbythewindenergywherethekidscanlearnaboutwaystoreduceourcarbonfootprint.1．Whichmuseumprovidesbiologyclassesforkids?A．BrooklynChildren'sMuseum. B．StatenIslandChildren'sMuseum.C．Children'sMuseumofManhattan. D．DiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseum.2．WhatcankidsdoinDiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseum?A．Playinterestinggameswithgreatfirefighters. B．Knowaboutfamouspeople'schildhoodlives.C．Runstoreslikeadultsindifferentsmallstreets. D．Cookdeliciouslocalfoodwithforeignathletes.3．Wherecankidslearnhowtoprotecttheenvironment?A．AtLadder11. B．AttheBlockHarbor.C．Onahuman-sizedanthill.D．InGreenLivingRoom.【答案】CBD这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个适合孩子参观的博物馆。1．细节理解题。根据Children'sMuseumofManhattan中“CMOMalsohostsclasses—likeGrossBiologyforkidswhoareinterestedininsects-alldesignedwiththelatestchild-developmentresearchinmind.(CMOM也主持一些课程，比如给那些对昆虫感兴趣的孩子们讲生物课，这些昆虫的设计都考虑到了最新的儿童发展研究)”可知，Children'sMuseumofManhattan会为孩子们提供生物课。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据DiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseum中“Childrenareencouragedtoclimbaroundandinteractwithexhibitsthathighlightthelivesofkidswhogrewuptobecomefamousdoctors，athletesandpoliticalfigures!(孩子们被鼓励到处攀爬，与突出了那些长大后成为著名医生，运动员，政治家的孩子们的生活的展品互动)”可知，孩子们在DiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseum可以了解著名人物的童年生活。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据StatenIslandChildren'sMuseum中“Don'tforgettostopbyGreenLivingRoompoweredbythewindenergy，wherethekidscanlearnaboutwaystoreduceourcarbonfootprint.(别忘了去绿色客厅，那里有风能供电，在这里孩子们可以了解减少低碳排放的方法)”可知，孩子们在GreenLivingRoom可以学习保护环境的方法。故选D。BIn1990,HalDonaldsonwas23yearsold,freshoutofcollegeandfoundhimselfinCalcutta,India,wherehewasaskedtointerviewMotherTeresa.Donaldsonsaysaboutthegreatwomanfamedforfeedingthehungry,“Shewasn'twearingshoesandherankleswereswollen.Shesatdownwithmeandwasverypolite.”Aftertheinterview,MotherTeresaaskedhim,“Whatareyoudoingtohelpthepoor?”Donaldsonadmittedthathewasyoungandwasn'tfocusedonhelpingothers.Withasmileonherface,MotherTeresasaid,“Everyonecandosomething.”ThosewordsdeeplystruckDonaldsonandforcedhimtofacesomehardtruthsabouthimself.HalDonaldsongrewupintheSanFranciscoBayarea.Whenhewas12yearsold,hisparentswerehitbyadrunkdriver;hisfatherdied,andhismotherwasseriouslyinjured.Tomakeendsmeet,theywentonwelfare.Donaldsonsays,“Ihadholesinmyshoesandclothes.Whenyou'reteasedatschoolforthat,youjustwanttoescape.”Hemanagedtodojustthat.DonaldsongotintocollegeandturnedhisfocustomakingmoneyforhimselfHesays,“Iwasjusttryingtofindmywayoutofinsignificance.However,it'seasytooverlookothersalongtheway.Iwastheguythatwouldseeahomelesspersonandcrossthestreet,soIdidn'thavetoconfront(面对)him.Myfocuswasonclimbingtothetopinsteadofhelpingthosetryingtoclimbwithme.”DonaldsonreturnedhomefromIndiawithadifferentthought.HetraveledtoeightcitiesinAmericaandstayedonthestreetsandlistenedtostoriesofthehomeless.“Myheartbroke,”hesays.“IknewIcouldnolongerjustliveformyself.”InspiredbyMotherTeresa'swordsandthestorieshe'dheardacrossAmerica.Donaldsonloadedapick-uptruckwith$300worthofgroceriesandhandedthemouttoanyonewhoneededhelp.In1994,Donaldsoncreatedthenonprofitorganization,ConvoyforHope,whichworkswithcommunitiesacrossAmericaandaroundtheworld.Theirworkfocusesonfeedingchildren,women'sempowerment,helpingfarmersanddisasterservices.4．Whatdid23-year-oldHalDonaldsondoinIndia?A．HeinterviewedMotherTeresa. B．HefedthehungrywithMotherTeresa.C．Heattendedaninterviewforacollege. D．Hedidsomethingtohelpthepoor.5．WhatcanwelearnaboutHalDonaldsonfromparagraph4?A．Hewasbornwithdisability. B．Heledahardlifeasachild.C．Hewaswelltreatedatschool. D．Hesurvivedasaparentlessboy.6．HowdoesHalDonaldsondescribehimselfincollege?A．Self-centered. B．Sympathetic. C．Popular. D．Casual.7．HowdidHalDonaldsonchangeafterhereturnedhomefromIndia?A．Hepreferredtravelingtovolunteering. B．Hesuddenlyfellinlovewithjournalism.C．Heturnedhisfocustolivingforhimself. D．Hegraduallydevotedhimselftohelpingothers.【答案】ABAD这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从小生活艰苦的HalDonaldson在努力改善生活条件的时候忽视了身边的人，而他与MotherTeresa的一次交流触动了他，他开始关注那些需要帮助的人并逐渐致力于帮助他人。4．细节理解题。根据第一段“In1990,HalDonaldsonwas23yearsold,freshoutofcollegeandfoundhimselfinCalcutta,India,wherehewasaskedtointerviewMotherTeresa.(1990年，23岁的HalDonaldson，刚从大学毕业，来到印度加尔各答，在那里他被要求采访MotherTeresa)”可知，23岁的HalDonaldson在印度采访了MotherTeresa。故选A。5．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Whenhewas12yearsold,hisparentswerehitbyadrunkdriver;hisfatherdied,andhismotherwasseriouslyinjured.Tomakeendsmeet,theywentonwelfare.(12岁时，他的父母被酒后驾车的司机撞了；他的父亲去世了，他的母亲受了重伤。为了收支相抵，他们靠救济生活)”可推断，童年时期的HalDonaldson过着艰难的生活。故选B。6．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Iwasjusttryingtofindmywayoutofinsignificance.However,it'seasytooverlookothersalongtheway.Iwastheguythatwouldseeahomelesspersonandcrossthestreet,soIdidn'thavetoconfront(面对)him.Myfocuswasonclimbingtothetopinsteadofhelpingthosetryingtoclimbwithme.(我只是想摆脱自己的卑微。然而，在这个过程中很容易忽略其他人。我是那种看到无家可归的人就会过马路的人，所以我不用去面对他。我的注意力集中在攀登顶峰上，而不是帮助那些试图和我一起攀登的人)”可推断，大学时期的HalDonaldson只关注如何改善自己的生活，是一个以自我为中心的人。故选A。7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“DonaldsonreturnedhomefromIndiawithadifferentthought.HetraveledtoeightcitiesinAmericaandstayedonthestreetsandlistenedtostoriesofthehomeless.(Donaldson从印度回到家后，想法转变了。他在美国去八个城市旅行了，待在街道上，倾听那些无家可归人们的故事)”和最后一段“InspiredbyMotherTeresa'swordsandthestorieshe'dheardacrossAmerica.Donaldsonloadedapick-uptruckwith$300worthofgroceriesandhandedthemouttoanyonewhoneededhelp.In1994,Donaldsoncreatedthenonprofitorganization,ConvoyforHope,whichworkswithcommunitiesacrossAmericaandaroundtheworld.(MotherTeresa的话语和他在美国各地听到的故事激励了他。Donaldson把价值300美元的食品杂货装上一辆小货车，分发给任何需要帮助的人。1994年，Donaldson创立了非营利组织“希望车队”，与美国和世界各地的社区合作)”可推断，HalDonaldson从印度回家以后开始关注别人的生活并逐渐致力于帮助别人。故选D。CIfyourfingersgetchillyallyearround—eveninthepeakofsummer—you’renotalone.Manypeoplegetcoldhandsduringalloftheseasons,duetoanumberofcauses,fromgenetictochronicillnesses.Commonreasonsincludebeingelderlyandthin.Ifyourhandsareregularlycoldornumb,however,it’sagoodideatoseeadoctortoruleoutmoreseriouscauses.Coldhandsareoneofthesymptomsofbothanemia(贫血症)andhypothyroidism(甲状腺机能减退).Diabetes,whichreducesbloodcirculation,canalsotriggerit.Andifyourheartisweakfromheartdisease,yourbodymayprioritizesendingbloodtoyourcoreoveryourlimbs.Formanyothers,coldhandsareasigntheyhavealargelyharmlessconditioncalledRaynaud’sdisease.Whenanyofusgoesoutinthecold,ourbodiesactivatethemusclesinoursmallestbloodvesselstomakethemevensmaller—asurvivalmechanismtokeepblood,andthuswarmertemperatures,inourcore.ForpeoplewithRaynaud’s,thisreactionistoostrong,andinsteadofjustabitlessbloodgoingtotheirfingers,fartoolittlegetsthere.Raynaud’sismorecommoninwomen,anditmostoftendevelopsbeforetheageof30.Infact,ifyoudevelopRaynaud’swhenyou’reolder—usuallyafter40—itcanbeasignofanotherunderlyingissue.Thatcouldbeasmallerproblem—apreviousincidentoffrostbite(冻伤)orasignofamoreseriousautoimmunecondition,likelupus(狼疮).ForthemajorityofpeoplelivingwithRaynaud’s,medicationwon’tbenecessary.However,arare,moresevereformofRaynaud’saffectslessthanonein1,000people.Inthesecases,bloodcanbecomecompletelyblocked,causingsoresonthehands.Iftheygountreated,itcanleadtogangrene(坏疽)and,veryrarely,amputation(截肢).8．What’sthepurposeofparagraph1?A．introduceatopic B．presentanargumentC．describethecharacters D．clarifyhiswritingpurpose9．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisnotthecauseofcoldhands?A．Diabetes B．Heartdisease C．ObesityD．Aging 10．WhatdoweknowaboutRaynaud’sdisease?A．Itappearswhenbloodvesselsinyourbodyoverreacttohightemperatures.B．Insomecases,itcanbeasignofsomehealthissues.C．Malesneversufferfromitbeforetheageof30.D．Formostpeople,itisaserioushealthproblem.11．Whatwilltheauthortalkaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A．ThereasonswhypeoplehavecoldhandsB．DisadvantagesofcoldhandsC．MedicalresearchonRaynaud’sDiseaseD．WaystotreatRaynaud’sdiseaseandpreventcoldhands【答案】ACBD这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，如果你的手指一年四季都在发冷，可能是得了雷诺氏病，解释了它的原因、症状、发病群体。8．推理判断题。由第一段“Ifyourfingersgetchillyallyearround—eveninthepeakofsummer—you’renotalone.Manypeoplegetcoldhandsduringalloftheseasons,duetoanumberofcauses,fromgenetictochronicillnesses.”（如果你的手指一年四季都在发冷，即使是在盛夏时节，你也不孤单。许多人在整个季节都会手感冰冷，原因有很多，从遗传病到慢性病。），可推断出第一段的内容是为下文做铺垫，为了介绍一个疾病话题。故选A项。9．细节理解题。由第二段中的“Commonreasonsincludebeingelderlyandthin.”（常见的原因包括年老体瘦。）和“Coldhandsareoneofthesymptomsofbothanemia(贫血症)andhypothyroidism(甲状腺机能减退).Diabetes,whichreducesbloodcirculation,canalsotriggerit.Andifyourheartisweakfromheartdisease,yourbodymayprioritizesendingbloodtoyourcoreoveryourlimbs.”（手冰冷是贫血和甲状腺功能减退的症状之一。糖尿病会减少血液循环，也会引发手冰冷。如果你的心脏因为心脏病而虚弱，你的身体可能会优先把血液输送到你的心脏而不是四肢。），可知年纪大、偏瘦、糖尿病和心脏病是导致双手冰冷的原因，文章并未提及肥胖导致双手冰冷。故选C项。10．细节理解题。由第四段中的“Raynaud’sismorecommoninwomen,anditmostoftendevelopsbeforetheageof30.Infact,ifyoudevelopRaynaud’swhenyou’reolder—usuallyafter40—itcanbeasignofanotherunderlyingissue.”（雷诺氏病在女性中更为常见，最常在30岁之前发病。事实上，如果你在40岁以后得雷诺氏病的话，这可能是另一个潜在问题的征兆。），可知在某些情况下，雷诺氏病可能是一些健康问题的征兆。故选B项。11．推理判断题。由最后一段“ForthemajorityofpeoplelivingwithRaynaud’s,medicationwon’tbenecessary.However,arare,moresevereformofRaynaud’saffectslessthanonein1,000people.Inthesecases,bloodcanbecomecompletelyblocked,causingsoresonthehands.Iftheygountreated,itcanleadtogangrene(坏疽)and,veryrarely,amputation(截肢).”（对于大多数雷诺氏病患者来说，药物治疗是不必要的。然而，一种罕见的，更严重的雷诺氏病影响不到千分之一的人。在这种情况下，血液会完全阻塞，导致手部疼痛。如果他们得不到治疗，可能会导致坏疽和截肢。），可知本段主要讲不同雷诺氏病患者，有的不需要治疗，有的不治疗，后果严重，可推断出在下一段中，作者可能会谈论雷诺氏病的治疗及预防手部冰冷的方法。故选D项。DSix"sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)",datingback3,200to4,000years,werenewlydiscoveredinSanxingduiRuinssiteinGuanghan,SouthwestChina'sSichuanprovince.Over500artifacts,includinggoldmasks,bronzewares,ivories,jades,andtextiles,wereunearthedfromthesite.Sanxingduisite,firstfoundin1929,isgenerallyconsideredasoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicalsitesalongtheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.However,large-scaleexcavationonthesiteonlybeganin1986,whentwopits—widelybelievedforsacrificialceremonies—wereaccidentallydiscovered.InvestigationintheareaaroundNo1and2pitswasrelaunchedinOctober2019,andNo3pitwasfoundinDecember2019,accordingtoLeiYu,aresearcherofSichuanProvincialCulturalRelicsandArchaeologyResearchInstitutewhoheadstheongoingexcavation.Thirty-fourresearchuniversitiesandresearchinstituteshavecooperatedinthisproject.Hesaidthenewdiscoverieswillhelptobetterunderstandmanyunexplainedfindingsin1986.MoreexcavationfollowedinMarch2020,andfivemorepitswerefoundlastyear.AnddetailedresearchbeganinOctober.Excavationcapsuleswithhi-techequipmentweresetupinthepitstobetterconservethesite.Sanxingduisitecoversanareaof12squarekilometers,anditscorezoneofanancientcitycoversnearly4squarekilometers.AccordingtotheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration,studiesofSanxingduisitewillbecomeacrucialprojectinanongoingprogramArchaeologyChina,whichtriestoexplaintheoriginsofChinesecivilizationandhowdiverseculturescommunicateandcometogether.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“excavation”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Discovery B．DigC．Exploration D．Expansion13．HowdidarchaeologistspreservetheSanxingduisite?A．Bydividingthetaskofexcavationintoseveralparts.B．Bycooperatingwithresearchuniversitiesandinstitutes.C．Byusingexcavationcapsulearmedwithhi-techequipment.D．Byconductingmoreinvestigationsaroundthesite.14．Whatcanweinferaboutthepitsfromthetext?A．Allsacrificialsiteswerediscoveredinthemeantime.B．TheexcavationofSanxingduisiteonlybeganin1986.C．TherewerealtogethersixsacrificialpitsdiscoveredinSanxingduisiteD．Thesizeofthecorezoneisapproximately1/3timesthatofSanxingduisite.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．SacrificialpitswereunearthedinSanxingduiSite.B．SanxingduiSiteneededtobeconserved.C．SanxingduidiscoveriescastlightonancientChina.D．Hi-techhelpedtoexcavateSanxingduiSite.【答案】BCDA本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序着重介绍了三星堆遗址中祭祀坑的发现、发掘工作及意义。12.猜测词义题。该词所在句子“However,large-scaleexcavationonthesiteonlybeganin1986,whentwopits—widelybelievedforsacrificialceremonies—wereaccidentallydiscovered”（当两个祭祀坑被意外发现，三星堆大规模的挖掘工作1986年才真正开始。）再结合第一自然段最后一句话里的unearth可推测该划线词的意思是“挖掘、发掘”。A选项“发现”；B选项“挖掘；发掘”；C选项“探索；发现”；D选项“扩大；扩张”。故选B。13.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话“Excavationcapsuleswithhi-techequipmentweresetupinthepitstobetterconservethesite.”（在坑内设置了装有高科技设备的挖掘胶囊，以更好地保存该址）可知，考古学家采用配备高科技设备的挖掘胶囊保护了三星堆遗址。故选C。14.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sanxingduisitecoversanareaof12squarekilometers,anditscorezoneofanancientcitycovers3.6squarekilometers.”（三星堆面积12平方公里，核心区域占地大约4平方公里，大约三分之一。）可知，核心区面积约为三星堆遗址的1/3。故选D。15.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文按照时间顺序着重介绍了三星堆遗址中祭祀坑的发现、发掘工作，可以确定全文关键信息为Sarificialpits,discovered,SangxingduiSite.A选项关键词为Sacrificialpits+unearthed;B选项关键词为SanxingduiSite+neededtobeconserved;C选项为discoveries+castlighton;D选项为Hi-tech+helpedtoexcavate….。综上所述，A选项能高度概括全文，故选A。第二节（共5小题每题2.5分满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余。Whengerms,suchasbacteriaorviruses,invadethebody,theyattackandmultiply.16Theimmunesystemusesseveraltoolstofightinfection（感染）.Bloodcontainsredbloodcells,forcarryingoxygentotissuesandorgans,andwhiteorimmunecells,forfightinginfection.Thesewhitecellsconsistprimarilyofmacrophages（巨噬细胞）,BcellsandTcells.Macrophagesswallowupanddigestgerms,plusdeadanddyingcells.Theyleavebehindpartsoftheinvadinggermscalledantigens（抗原）.17Bcellsaredefensivewhitebloodcellswhichproduceantibodies.Tcellsarealsodefensivewhitebloodcells.Theyattackcellsinthebodythathavealreadybeeninfected.Thefirsttimethebodycomesacrossagerm,itcantakeseveraldaystomakeanduseallthegermfightingtoolsneededtogetovertheinfection.Aftertheinfection,theimmunesystemrememberswhatislearnedabouthowtoprotectthebodyagainstthatdisease.18Theyhelpdevelopimmunitybyimitatinganinfection.Thistypeofinfection,however,almostnevercausesillness,butitdoescausetheimmunesystemtoproduceTcellsandantibodies.Sometimes,aftergettingavaccine（疫苗）,theimitationinfectioncancauseminorsymptoms.Forinstance,afever.19Oncetheimitationinfectiongoesaway,thebodyisleftwithasupplyofdefensivecellsthatwillrememberhowtofindthatdiseaseinthefuture.20Therefore,itispossiblethatapersoninfectedwiththediseasejustbeforeorjustaftervaccinationcoulddevelopsymptomsandgetadisease,becausethevaccinehasnothadenoughtimetoprovideprotection.A．Vaccinesbasicallyworkthesameway.B．Thisinvasion,calledaninfection,iswhatcausesillness.C．Vaccinespreventdiseasesthatcanbedangerous,orevendeadlyD．Scientiststakemanydifferentapproachestodevelopingvaccines.E.Thebodyidentifiesthemasdangersandexcitesantibodiestoattackthem.F.Suchminorsymptomsarenormalandshouldbeexpectedasthebodybuildsimmunity.G.However,ittypicallytakesafewweeksforthebodytoproducethosedefensivecellsaftervaccination.【答案】BEAFG本文是说明文。介绍了人体免疫系统和疫苗是如何工作的。16．根据前一句“Whengerms,suchasbacteriaorviruses,invadethebody,theyattackandmultiply.（当细菌或病毒等细菌侵入人体时，它们就会攻击并繁殖。）”和空后“Theimmunesystemusesseveraltoolstofightinfection（感染）（免疫系统使用几种工具来对抗感染。）”可知，空处承接上一句讲述细菌的入侵；根据选项可知，选项B.Thisinvasion,calledaninfection,iswhatcausesillness.(这种入侵被称为感染，是导致疾病的原因。)承上启下，符合题意，此处infection与下文“fightinfection”呼应。故选B。17．根据空前“Macrophagesswallowupanddigestgerms,plusdeadanddyingcells.Theyleavebehindpartsoftheinvadinggermscalledantigens（抗原）.（巨噬细胞吞噬和消化细菌，以及死亡和垂死的细胞。它们留下了被称为抗原的入侵细菌的部分。）和后文描述可知，本段介绍巨噬细胞、B细胞和T细胞的作用，前三句介绍的是巨噬细胞。E选项Thebodyidentifiesthemasdangersandexcitesantibodiestoattackthem.(身体将它们视为危险，并激发抗体来攻击它们。)中的them指的是上文提到的antigens抗原，符合题意。故选E。18．根据文章结构可知，上文讲的是免疫系统如何工作，下文讲疫苗工作原理，故A选项为此处的最佳衔接。“Theyhelpdevelopimmunitybyimitatinganinfection.（它们通过模仿感染来帮助培养免疫力。）”中的“They”指的是Vaccines疫苗。故选A。19．根据空前“Sometimes,aftergettingavaccine（疫苗）,theimitationinfectioncancauseminorsymptoms.（有时，接种疫苗后，模仿感染会引起轻微的症状。）“可知，空处进一步阐述疫苗可能引发的轻微症状，结合选项可知，选项F.Suchminorsymptomsarenormalandshouldbeexpectedasthebodybuildsimmunity.(这种轻微的症状是正常的，应该在身体建立免疫力的时候出现。)承接前一句，符合题意。minorsymptoms.对应Suchminorsymptoms。故选F。20．根据空后“Therefore,itispossiblethatapersoninfectedwiththediseasejustbeforeorjustaftervaccinationcoulddevelopsymptomsandgetadisease,becausethevaccinehasnothadenoughtimetoprovideprotection.（因此，由于疫苗没有足够的时间提供保护，在接种疫苗之前或之后感染疾病的人可能会出现症状并患病。）“可知，空处与后文形成因果关系，结合选项可知，选项G.However,ittypicallytakesafewweeksforthebodytoproducethosedefensivecellsaftervaccination.(然而，接种疫苗后，身体通常需要几周的时间才能产生这些防御细胞。)符合题意。故选G。第二部分语言运用（共两节满分30分）第一节（共15小题每题1分满分15分）Bingley,aSayreSchoolstudentfromAmerica,decidedthathewoulddevotehimselftostudyingtheenvironmenttohaveabroadinfluenceonthecommunity.Toreducethecarbonfootprint,Bingleyplannedto6enoughsolarenergytopowertheschool'ssciencelabs.Nowhisplanissettohappen.Tofix30solarpanelsis7forlateNovember,Ashebeganhisresearch8solarenergy,hediscoveredausefulphoneapp.Byenteringanaddress,hecouldfindouthowmuchsunlightthe9receiveseachday.Basedonthedata,hefoundthathisschoolbuildingwasthebestposition.Atthesuggestionofhisscienceteacher,DebbieWheeler,hefirstperformedanenergy10ofthesciencelabtoseehowmuchenergyatypicallabusesperday.Then,hestartedhisresearch,11alocalcompanyofsolarpanelstodothejob.Helackedmoneyforstartingtheproject,sohe12Sayre'sheadtosupporthimafterexplainingthe13ofsolarpowerfortheschoolandcommunity.SinceSayreprovidedthe14seedmoneytoprovideinfrastructureandthepurchaseofonepanel,theprojecthas15toincludeatotalof30panels.Theyareexpectedtoproduceenoughenergyto16allthesciencelabsoncampus.“ItfeelslikeadreamtothinkthatanideaIhadfrommyAPEnvironmentalclasswouldhavethiskindof17,”saidBingley,expressinggratitudeforWheeler'shelp.WheelersaidthesuccesswasduetoBingley'seffortsand18tofollowthroughontheprojectfromstarttofinish.“I'vehadotherstudentstalkabout19initiatives(倡议)oncampus,butBingleyhadthepersistenceandcouragetomakeithappen,"shesaid.Bingleysaidthathewould20liketostudyenvironmentalengineeringatuniversity.21．A．explore B．invest C．produce D．switch22．A．defined B．identified C．output D．scheduled23．A．beyond B．on C．with D．through24．A．location B．destination C．transmission D．occasion25．A．surplus B．allowance C．budget D．calculation26．A．employing B．contacting C．protecting D．urging27．A．convinced B．demanded C．refreshed D．submitted28．A．causes B．plots C．benefits D．origins29．A．initial B．flexible C．optional D．sustainable30．A．accumulated B．grown C．rewarded D．sponsored31．A．decorate B．furnish C．run D．equip32．A．influence B．criterion C．experience D．management33．A．caution B．fraternity C．inspiration D．willingness34．A．cultural B．environmental C．practical D．theoretical35．A．casually B．deliberately C．eventually D．gradually【答案】CDBADBACABCADBC这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学生Bingley为了减少碳足迹，进行科学研究，在学校的资助下联系太阳能板公司安装太阳能给学校科学实验室提供能量。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减少碳足迹，Bingley计划生产足够的太阳能来给学校的科学实验室提供能量。A.explore探索；B.invest投资；C.produce生产；D.switch转变。由下文“topowertheschool'ssciencelabs”(给学校的科学实验室提供能量)可知，空处是生产足够的太阳能，故选C。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：要固定30个太阳能板被安排在11月底。A.defined定义；B.identified辨认出；C.output输出；D.scheduled安排。由上文“hisplan”(他的计划)可知，此处是表示计划，安排，故选D。23．考查介词词义辨析。句意：当他开始关于太阳能的研究时，他发现了一个有用的手机应用软件。A.beyond超过；B.on关于；在......上；C.with和；随着；D.through通过。由上下文“research________solarenergy”可知，此处表示关于太阳能的研究，故选B。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过进入一个地址，他能发现这个地方一天能照到多少太阳。A.location位置；地点；B.destination目的地；C.transmission传递；发送；D.occasion场合。由上文“enteringanaddress,”(进入一个地址)可知，空处表示地方，故选A。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他科学老师DebbieWheeler的建议下，他第一次计算了科学实验室的能量来看一下一个典型的实验室每天能用多少太阳能。A.surplus剩余；B.allowance津贴；C.budget预算；D.calculation计算。由下文“toseehowmuchenergyatypicallabusesperday.”(来看一下一个典型的实验室每天能用多少太阳能)可知，为了看实验室要用多少能量，他是需要计算的，故选D。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他开始他的研究，他联系当地一个太阳能板公司来做这项工作。A.employing雇佣；B.contacting联系；C.protecting保护；D.urging力劝；催促。由下文“Helackedmoneyforstartingtheproject”(他缺钱来启动这个项目)可知，他没有钱启动项目，所以是联系太阳能板公司来做这项工作，故选B。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他缺钱来启动这个项目，因此他解释了太阳能对于学校和社区有好处以此来说服Sayre的上司来支持他。A.convinced说服；使确信；B.demanded命令；要求；C.refreshed更新；使......恢复；D.submitted上交。由下文“Sayre'sheadtosupporthim”(Sayre的上司来支持他)可知，他是说服Sayre的上司来支持他，故选A。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他缺钱来启动这个项目，因此他解释了太阳能对于学校和社区有好处以此来说服Sayre的上司来支持他。A.causes原因；B.plots情节；C.benefits好处；D.origins起源。由上下文“sohe___7_____Sayre'sheadtosupporthimafterexplainingthe___8___ofsolarpowerfortheschoolandcommunity.”可知，他通过解释太阳能对学校和社区的好处，以此来说服别人支持他，故选C。29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从Sayre提供给他第一笔种子基金来提供基础设施和购买一个太阳能板，这个项目已经扩大，总共包括30个太阳能板。A.initial最初的；B.flexible灵活的；C.optional选择的；D.sustainable持续的。由下文“seedmoney”(种子基金)可知，这是第一笔钱，故选A。30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从Sayre提供给他第一笔种子基金来提供基础设施和购买一个太阳能板，这个项目已经扩大，总共包括30个太阳能板。A.accumulated积累；B.grown成长；C.rewarded酬谢；奖赏；D.sponsored赞助。由下文“includeatotalof30panels”(总共包括30个太阳能板)可知，该项目已经扩大，故选B。31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们预计生产足够的能量来使学校的所有的实验室运行。A.decorate装饰；B.furnish提供；供应；C.run跑步；（使）运行；经营；管理；D.equip装备；配备。由上文“Theyareexpectedtoproduceenoughenergy”(它们预计生产足够的能量)可知，太阳能板生产足够的能量，是要使学校实验室能够运行下去。故选C。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bingley表达了对Wheeler的感谢，他说，我从AP环境课上想出的主意有这种影响，这就像一个梦。A.influence影响；B.criterion标准；C.experience经验；经历；D.management管理。由上文“produceenoughenergyto________allthesciencelabsoncampus.”(生产足够的能量来学校的实验室。)可知，Bingley的主意产生了影响，故选A。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Wheeler说成功是由于Bingley在进行这项项目时，从始至终都是努力的且乐于坚持做这个项目。A.caution小心；谨慎；B.fraternity友爱；C.inspiration灵感；鼓舞；D.willingness乐意。由下文“tofollowthroughontheprojectfromstarttofinish.”(自始至终都坚持做这个项目。)可知，Bingley是乐意自始至终坚持做这个项目，故选D。34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经让其他学生在校园谈论环境倡议，但是Bingley用坚持和勇气来使这件事发生。A.cultural文化的；B.environmental环境的；C.practical实际的；实用的；D.theoretical理论的。由第一段“hewoulddevotehimselftostudyingtheenvironmenttohaveabroadinfluenceonthecommunity”(他会致力于他自己来学习环境以此来对社区产生广泛影响。)可知，Bingley进行的项目是有关环境的，所以此处表示“环境倡议”，故选B。35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Bingley说他最终会想要在大学学习环境工程。A.casually随便地；B.deliberately故意的；C.eventually最后；D.gradually逐渐。由上下文“hewould________liketostudyenvironmentalengineeringatuniversity”(他想要在大学学习环境工程）可知，环境工程是他最终想要学习的，故选C。第二节（共15小题每题1分满分15分）FifteenelephantsareapproachingtheChinesecityofKunming.Altogethertheanimals36．(cover)500kmfromtheirhabitatinanaturereserveneartheborderswithMyanmarandLaos.Andtheyarenownear37．cityof6.6millionpeople.Theyhavetravelledalonghighways38．throughfarmsoverthepastfewmonths.AndtheirjourneyhasbeenattractingtheattentionoftheChinesepublic.Expertsarenowdoingalltheycan39．(keep)theelephantsawayfromKunmingcity.Theyaresettingupbarriersalongtheway,40．(hope)togetthemtogobacktowardsthenaturereserve.Nooneknows41．theanimalshavewalkedsofarawayfrom42．(they)originalhabitat.Onereasoncouldbeadeclineintheamountofedible(可食用的)plantsintheirreserve,especially43．(supply)oftheirfavouritefoods.Anotherreasoncouldbeariseinnumbersinthewildelephantpopulationinthearea,from193inthe1980s44．around300today.Afurther45．(possible)isthattheelephants,leadercouldhaveledthemastray(迷路).【答案】36．havecovered37．the38．and39．tokeep40．hoping41．why42．their43．supplies44．to45．possibility本文是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了十五只大象正在接近中国城市昆明。在过去的几个月里，它们沿着公路和农场旅行。它们的旅程吸引了中国公众的注意。36．考查时态和语态。句意：在缅甸和老挝边境附近的一个自然保护区，这些动物的栖息地距离它们总共有500公里。表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为animals，助动词用have。故填havecovered。37．考查冠词。句意：