2019译林版高中英语选择性必修四Unit2 Understanding each other 知识清单（学生版）

。。。阅读单词认读encodevt.decodevt.empathyn.empathizevi.taboon.kindergartenn.baconn.tankn.tofun.bilingualadj.kungfun.triben.Germanicadj.重点单词识记adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的n.电子邮件；邮政；邮件n.反馈的意见(或信息)adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的vt.获得，赢得vt.&vi.谈判；商定，达成(协议)n.公司，企业；规划，事业adj.坦诚的；简单的n.争执；摩擦；摩擦力vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明adj.博学的，有见识的n.语气，腔调；风格，特色n.同情；赞同vt.&vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益n.好处，利益n.手势，姿势；姿态，表示vt.&vi.做手势，用手势表示adv.准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实n.词汇，词汇量n.果酱；拥挤，堵塞adv.有点，有几分，稍微vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信vt.吟诵；列举n.口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调vt.着重，强调，突出n.手写，书写；笔迹，书法vi.合作，协作；协助，配合vt.提及，列举；引用，引述n.高尔夫球运动vt.&vi.(使)合并；(使)加入n.干涉行为，干预adj.纯净的；完全的n.语言学家；通晓数国语言的人n.食堂，餐厅n.滑板adv.真诚地，诚实地n.栅栏，篱笆n.比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争vt.争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议核心词汇拓展__________vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应→__________n.反应；回应__________vt.满足需要；相配，合身n.套装，西装，西服→__________adj.适合的；适宜的__________vt.&vi.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)→__________n.赞成；认可；批准→__________n.不赞成；反对__________vt.折叠，对折；包，裹n.褶，褶层，折叠部分→__________vt.打开；呈现__________n.偏爱；偏爱的事物→__________vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)__________adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的→__________adj.令人尴尬的→____________________vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难→__________n.窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据__________n.计划，意图→__________vt.计划；打算__________vt.&vi.表现得体，有礼貌；表现→__________n.行为；举止；习性__________vt.忍受，容忍；容许，允许；能经受→__________n.容忍；忍受→__________adj.宽容的；容忍的__________adj.(尤指外语)流利的，熟练的→__________adv.流利地；流畅地→__________n.流利；流畅__________vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒→__________adj.反对的；对立的→__________n.反对，反抗__________vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异→__________n.抛弃；拒绝；被抛弃的东西__________adj.悲观的，悲观主义的→__________n.悲观，悲观情绪；厌世主义__________n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好→__________vi.&vt.趋向；易于；照顾__________vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入n.差错；纸条；滑跤→__________adj.滑的；狡猾的；不稳定的核心短语速记putyourselfinsb.’sshoes是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占approveof拓展视野，开阔眼界functionas作为回答，作为反应参考；指的是以……为基础与……分享……在这种情况下outofstyleforinstanceobviousadj.显然的；明显的occupationn.职业；占有officialn.官员；高级职员operatevi.&vt.做手术；运转；实施；经营opposevt.反对；反抗oppositen.相反；对面adj.相反的；对面的optimisticadj.乐观的optionaladj.可选择的；选修的originn.起源；源头outspokenadj.坦率的，直言不讳的Inresponse,thereceiversendsanencodedmessageback,whichisreferredtoasfeedback.(which引导非限制性定语从句)作为回应，接收者发送一个编码信息回送，这被称为反馈。Asmileshowsyouareattentivetotheissuesbeingdiscussed,whilelookingawaywithyourarmsfoldedcanindicatedisinterestandcreatedistrustorfriction.(while作并列连词，表示对比)微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、看向别处可能表明你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或摩擦。NosoonerhadIbeguntounderstandhowBritishpeoplecommunicatethanitwastimetoheadbackhome.(nosooner...than...一……就……)我刚开始了解英国人是如何交流的，就该回国了。Thelongeraborrowedwordhasbeeninuse,themoreitsoundsandevenlookslikethenativelanguage.(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)借用的外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来，甚至看起来更像母语。Itisalsothroughthosewordsthatnovelideasarespreadanddifferentbeliefsareexchangedmoreconvenientlyandquickly.(强调句)也正是通过那些词，新的想法被传播，不同的信仰能得以更方便更快捷的交流。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。accountfor,knowledgeable,obtain,empathy,gain,negotiateLastSaturday,weattendedalecturegivenbya1.__________linguistonhowtobeacompetentcommunicator.Firstly,weshouldfigureoutthewholeprocedureofcommunicationwhichinvolvestheencoding,decodingandfeedbackofinformation.Besides,2.__________asmuchasothers’informationsothatwecanchoosethebestcommunicationchannelthatsuitsthesituation.Forexample,whenwe3.__________withalargeenterprise,weshouldtalkinastraightforwardway.Inaddition,properbodylanguagecanhelpusavoidfriction.Lastly,thevalueof4.__________shouldbeaccented.Inotherwords,itisimportantthatweshouldputourselvesintheirshoes.Whilewemaynotapproveofothers’ideas,wetrytoseewhat5.__________theiremotionsandempathizewiththemaswellasadjustourtone.Inaword,fromthelecture,wehave6.__________muchknowledgeabouteffectivecommunicationandbroadenedourminds!提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇reactvi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应(reactionn.反应)reactto对……作出反应reactwith与……起(化学)反应reactagainst反对；反抗；反叛inreactionto对……作出反应/以应对……Themajorityreactedangrily__________thesuggestion,whichwassomewhatamazingandthatproducedachain__________(react).So,theproposalwasnotapproved.Astheknowledgeableexpertsays,childrentendtoreact__________theirparentsbygoingagainsttheirwishes.Theexperimentshowshowironreacts__________airandwater,fromwhichwegainalot.我们别无选择，只能用喷雾剂来应对熊的攻击。(2020·7月浙江，读后续写)We__________________________________________________thebear’sattack.approvev.赞成；批准，通过(approvaln.赞成，同意；批准，认可disapprovev.不赞成；不同意)approvesth.批准某事approveof赞成；同意get/winone’sapproval得到某人的同意；赢得某人的赞同Asurveydonerecentlyshowsthatnotallparentsapprove__________theintentionofhavingclassesonweekends.Iapproveofyour__________(try)toearnsomemoneyinyoursparetime,butIopposeoccupyingyourstudytime.如果我的申请能得到您的批准，我将不胜感激。(应用文写作之申请信)_______________________________________________________________________________________.correspondv.相符合，相一致；相类似；通信(correspondencen.一致；相似；通信；信件)correspondwith/tosth.与……一致/相符合correspondwithsb.与……通信incorrespondencewith...与……通信；和……一致Themanisstraightforwardbecausewhathesaysoftencorresponds__________whathedoes.Surprisingly,thislinguist’sopiniononeffectivecommunicationisn’tin__________(correspond)withtheviewsofthemajority.你担心即将到来的高考，这个问题与很多同学是一致的。(话题写作之学校生活)TheproblemthatyouareanxiousabouttheupcomingCollegeEntranceExamination______________________________________.behavev.举动；(举止或行为)表现[behavio(u)rn.行为；举止；习性]behaveoneself行为规矩；表现得体；检点behavewell/badlyto/towardssb.对待某人好/差well-behaved/badly-behavedadj.表现好/差的Believeitornot,yourbrother’s__________(behave)onthestagereallybroadenedmymind.建议你参加宴会时，应该举止得体。作为举止得体的客人，你不应把筷子插在食物里，或者用筷子指着其他人。(话题写作之传统习俗)Itissuggestedthat______________________________whenattendingfeasts._______________________,youshouldn’tstickyourchopsticksinthefoodorpointatotherswiththem.tendencyn.倾向，趋势；偏好(tendvi.往往，趋向vt.照看，护理；招待；照料)haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的倾向tendtodo...倾向于做……；往往会……tend(to)sb.照顾某人Asisoftenthecase,mostofushavea__________(tend)tobenervousinspeechcontest.Itisreportedthatinsomebigcitieshousingpricestend__________(go)down.Childrentendtobehavewellinthepresenceofstrangers.→Children______________________________inthepresenceofstrangers.(tendency)NosoonerhadIbeguntounderstandhowBritishpeoplecommunicatethanitwastimetoheadbackhome.我刚开始了解英国人是如何交流的，就该回国了。nosooner...than...引导时间状语从句，主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。nosooner位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，而than引导的从句不倒装。有类似用法的还有hardly...when...。常见的表示“一……就……”的句式还有：assoonas...;themoment/minute/instant;immediately/instantly/directly;on/upon＋n./v.-ing...Nosooner__________MoYansteppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause,showingtheirsincereadmirationforhim.Hardlyhadwearrivedatthefarm__________webeganourpickingundertheguidanceofexperiencedowners.(2020·全国Ⅱ,书面表达)HehadnosoonerarrivedinBeijingthanhecametovisitus,whichaccountedformyappreciation.→____________________________________________________________,whichaccountedformyappreciation.(用倒装句升级)提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍suitA.(一套)衣服B.对某人方便；合……的意Iwasstoppedbyanoldmaninabluesuitatthegateofthefactory.Ifyouwanttogotothebookstorenextweekend，thatsuitsmefine.correspondA.相符合，相一致B.相当；相类似C.通信ThejobofaBritishlecturercorrespondsroughlytothatofanAmericanassociateprofessor.Youraccountoftheeventsdoesnotcorrespondwithwhatwehaveheard.Althoughtheyparted,thetwofriendsalwayscorrespondedwithoneanothertogetcomfort.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。Shegesturedherdisappointmentbylayingherhandonherforehead.__________Inallourproductstheaccentisonquality.__________Itwasstrangethatthedivorcewasnotcontested.__________核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识Hetends__________(be)latefortheappointmentwhichoftenannoyshisfriendsorrelatives.Itwashis__________(behave)thatmadetheteachersuspectthathecheatedintheexam.Nosoonerhadmynephewtoldmethegoodnews__________Ijumpedwithjoy.Youhaveapproved__________myidea,whichisaprivilegeforme.Whatistheleader’sreaction__________theproposalthatweplantoteardowntheoldchurch?AlthoughIresigned,Ialwayscorresponded__________myformercolleaguestogetmentalcomfort.单句写作——应用文增分练(2020·全国Ⅰ)——话题写作之人物介绍在我心中，我父亲是我最尊敬的人。只要有空，他往往就会陪我，和我分享很多有趣的事情。(tend)在日常生活中，他教育我要表现得体，尤其是在公共场合。(behave)他还经常告诉我，要言行一致。(correspond)此外，他对我也很严格，从不同意我晚上很晚回家。(approve)在学习上，我一遇到问题，他就来帮助我。所以我尊敬我的父亲，并深爱他。(nosooner...than...)微型写作——续写提能练[教材续写语料]情感描写gentleadj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的competentadj.足以胜任的，有能力的knowledgeableadj.博学的，有见识的sympathyn.同情；赞同embarrassedadj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的fluentadj.(尤指外语)流利的，熟练的pessimisticadj.悲观的，悲观主义的sincerelyadv.真诚地，诚实地动作描写obtainvt.获得，赢得gainvt.&vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益gesturevt.&vi.做手势，用手势示意recitevt.吟诵；列举slipvi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入环境描写kindergartenn.学前班；幼儿园contestn.比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。一天，在一所幼儿园举行了一场演讲比赛。参赛者是一些可爱的小男孩和小女孩。第一个走上舞台的人是一个知识渊博、很有能力的女孩。她背诵了一首诗，清晰、流畅，充满了情感，赢得了热烈的掌声。就在那时，她滑了一下，摔倒了。她感到尴尬和悲观，甚至想放弃。我向她做了一个手势，鼓励她继续下去。令我松了一口气，她站起来成功地完成了她的表演。Oneday.Thecompetitorsaresomelovelylittleboysandgirls..Sherecitedapoemclearly,,.Justatthatmoment,sheslippedandfelldown.She,.Igaveheragesture,.,shestoodupandfinishedherperformancesuccessfully.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分)Thecompanyhasconductedasurveytofindouttheemployees’__________tothenewregulations.Asaresult,itfoundthatthey__________againstthem.(react)Tomhadhopedtomeetwiththemanager’s__________andfromthemanager’sexpression,heknewthathisplanwas__________.(approve)Iwillnot__________thatbehaviourinmyclass；what’smore,noonewillbe__________ofthat.(tolerate)__________yourselforyouwillbelaughedatbyothersbecauseofyourbad__________.(behave)Theoldman__________andfelldownbecausetheroadcoveredwithicewastoo__________.(slip)Hissuggestionwasunex