2019译林版高中英语选择性必修四Unit3 Careers and skills 知识清单（教师版）

。。。阅读单词认读labourn.劳工；劳动，(尤指)体力劳动；分娩期，分娩vi.努力做；干苦力活gearvt.使适合于n.排挡；齿轮；传动装置endeavourvi.努力，尽力n.努力，尝试statusquo现状，原来的状况receiptn.收到的款项，收入；收据directoryn.名录，电话号码簿，公司名录groundworkn.基础工作，准备工作proportionn.正确的比例；部分，份额；比例；体积，面积fabricn.织物，布料fibren.纤维制品；纤维素；纤维conciselyadv.简明地，简练地，简洁地yawnvi.打哈欠bowlingn.保龄球运动tournamentn.锦标赛rainbown.虹，彩虹重点单词识记salaryn.薪金，薪水attainvt.达到；获得passionn.强烈情感；酷爱fondadj.喜爱anticipatevt.预计；预料superioradj.更好的，占优势的n.级别(或地位、职位)更高的人prejudicen.偏见，成见lawyern.律师servantn.雇员，职员；仆人clerkn.职员，簿记员，文书receptionistn.接待员respectiveadj.分别的，各自的zonen.地区；区域hirevt.&vi.聘用，雇用；租用n.新雇员；租借leadershipn.领导应有的品质；领导地位weeklyadj.每周的adv.每周地n.周报，周刊monthlyadj.每月的adv.每个月n.月刊budgetn.预算loann.贷款，借款；借出vt.借出，贷与(尤指钱)clientn.客户，委托人detectiven.侦探，警探subjectiveadj.主观的plugvt.补足，供给；堵塞，封堵n.插头；插座premieradj.最著名的，最成功的，第一的n.首相，总理instituten.机构，机构建筑vt.建立，制定(体系、政策等)swingvi.&vt.(swung，swung)(使)改变；(使)摆动，摇摆n.改变；摆动；秋千labeln.标签；(不恰当的)称谓vt.贴标签于；(尤指不公正地)把……称为candidaten.候选人；应试者；被认定适合者profilen.概述；形象；侧面轮廓vi.概述，写简介criterionn.(pl.criteria)标准，准则shaven.刮脸，剃须vi.&vt.剃(须发)，刮脸moden.方式，风格，样式delayn.延迟的时间；延期，耽搁vi.&vt.延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延durationn.持续时间，期间justifyvt.对……作出解释，为……辩解；证明……正确infervt.推断，推论，推理conveyvt.表达，传递；传送，运送firmadj.强有力的，坚决的；坚固的；坚定的；牢固的n.商行，公司seizevt.抓住，把握；捉住，夺；攻占；没收corporateadj.公司的；全体的，共同的madamn.女士，夫人temporaryadj.临时的，短暂的核心词汇拓展consultantn.顾问；会诊医师→consultvt.查阅；请教vt.&vi.商议，商量operatevt.操作，使运行vi.运转，工作；经营，营业→operationn.操作；运转；手术→operatorn.操作人员，接线员commercialadj.商业的；贸易的→commerciallyadv.商业上，通商上→commercen.商业；贸易qualificationn.资格，资历→qualifyvt.&vi.(使)具有资格，(使)合格→qualifiedadj.有资格的，胜任的applicantn.申请人→applyvi.申请vt.使用，应用→applicationn.应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，敷用prioradj.在前的；优先的，占先的→priorityn.优先，优先权；重点refreshedadj.恢复了精力的，精神振作的→refreshingadj.令人耳目一新的；使人精力充沛的→refreshv.使恢复精力，使想起rudeadj.粗鲁的，无礼的，粗野的→rudenessn.无礼貌；粗野；粗鲁relevantadj.紧密相关的，切题的→relevancen.关联，相关性→relevantlyadv.相关地→irrelevantadj.不相关的，无关紧要的genuineadj.真诚的，可信赖的→genuinelyadv.真地，真诚地核心短语速记labourforce(全公司或全国的)劳动力earnaliving谋生befondof喜爱publicservant公务员，公仆comfortzone舒适区，放松区weighup权衡，斟酌putsth.ontheline让……处于危险之中swingintoaction立即行动起来；马上大干起来gaintheupperhand处于有利地位，有优势priorto在……之前fortheduration直到……结束，在整个……期间putone’sbestfootforward全力以赴inthedirectionof...朝……方向asenseofachievement成就感besuperiorto...比……更好的，更胜一筹的outstandingadj.杰出的；显著的overcomevt.克服；战胜overheadadj.在头上方的；在头顶上的overlookvt.忽略；俯瞰；远眺overweightadj.超重的oxygenn.氧气painfuladj.疼痛的；痛苦的panicn.&v.惊慌paragraphn.(文章的)段落paralleln.平行线；对比adj.平行的particularadj.特别的；尤其passiveadj.被动的；消极的Whereverourinterestsmaylieandwhateverourcareerchoicesmightbe,workallowsustheopportunitytobeengagedinsomethingwearefondof,andconsequently,itcangiveusagreatsenseofachievementandsatisfaction.(wherever和whatever引导的让步状语从句)无论我们的兴趣在何处，无论我们的职业选择是什么，工作使得我们有机会做我们喜欢的事情，并且因此能带给我们巨大的成就感和满足感。Ourrapidlychangingworkplacemakesitnecessaryforustokeepupanddevelopnewskills.(make＋it＋adj.＋todo)我们不断变化的工作场所使跟上和发展新的技能非常有必要。Notonlydoesworkbenefituspersonally,italsocontributestothehealthofsociety.[notonly...(but)also...]工作不仅有利于我们个人，它也有助于社会的健康。Whetherwearescientists,lawyers,doctors,publicservants,consultants,clerks,receptionistsorbutchers,weallmakeourrespectivecontributions.(whether...or...无论……还是……)无论我们是科学家、律师、医生、公务员、顾问、职员、接待员还是屠夫，我们都做出了各自的贡献。Wecantakeprideintheknowledgethathardworkisessentialforourindividualwell-beingaswellasforthebenefitofoursocietyasawhole.(that引导同位语从句)我们能够自豪于有这样的认知，即努力工作对于我们个人的健康幸福和整个社会的利益都是必不可少的。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。qualification,attain,weighup,comfortzone,superior,earnalivingChangingacareermeansputtingthepresentstablecareeronthelineforsomethinguncertain.Soyou’dbetterthinktwice.Followingthesuggestionswillbehelpful.Firstly,thinkaboutwhatgoalsyouhave1.attainedandthereasonwhyyouwanttochangeyourjob.Ifthesalaryofthepresentjobisnotenoughforyouto2.earnalivingoryouarefondofnewthings,youofcoursecanseizeachancetogetanewjobinabigfirm.Afterall,fortzonebenefitsus.Secondly,yourformerexperiencedoesnotnecessarilyenableyoutogaintheupperhandingaininganewjob.Therefore,priortomakingachange,considerwhattrainingyouwillneedtogettheright4.qualificationforthenewjob,ifitisnotrelevanttothepresentone.Lastly,whenchoosinganewjob,youkeepinmindthatalljobsareequallyimportantandnooneis5.superiortoanother,soyoushouldnothaveprejudiceagainstanyone.Inaword,dorememberto6.weighuptheadvantagesanddisadvantagesbeforeyoumakeacareerchange.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇superioradj.更好的，占优势的n.级别(或地位、职位)更高的人besuperiorto比……更好的、更胜一筹的beinferiorto比……更差的、比不上……的beseniorto比……年长/资历深bejuniorto比……年幼/资历浅MrSmithisyoungerthanme,butheisseniortomeinrankinthefirm.相信所有的人都生来平等，没有人比另一个人高一等。Holdthebeliefthatallthepeoplearebornequal,andnooneissuperiortoanother.prejudicen.[U]&[C]偏见；成见(prejudicedadj.有偏见的；偏爱的)•have(a)prejudiceagainstsb./sth.对……有偏见•beprejudicedagainst...对……有偏见ThereisnodenyingthatthereisalittleprejudiceagainstlaboursfromAfricancountries.Thereisacommonphenomenonthatmanyfirmsareprejudiced(prejudice)againstolderapplicants.总理从不对贫困的人有偏见，相反，他总是表达对他们的同情，并试图帮助他们。Neverdoesthepremierhave(a)prejudiceagainstthoseinpoverty,insteadhealwaysconveyshissympathyforthemandseekstohelpthem.operatevt.操作，使运行vi.(机器)运转；工作，经营，营业；动手术(operationn.操作；经营；手术operatorn.话务员；操作员；经营者)•operateon/uponsb.给某人动手术•come/gointooperation开始工作(生效)put/ooperation实施；实行Thepatientwasingreatdanger,sothedoctorsendeavouredtooperateon/uponhimwithoutdelay.Thenewruleswillcomeintooperation(operate)nextmonthandthebossanticipateshavingagoodresult.为了阻止环境继续受到污染，我们政府将很快实施有关这一问题的新规定。(话题写作之环境保护)Inordertokeeptheenvironmentfromcontinuingtobepolluted,ourgovernmentwillput/bringthenewregulationsaboutitintooperationsoon.qualificationn.资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准[qualifyvt.&vi.(使)具有资格qualified有资格的，胜任的]havethequalificationfor/todo有……的资格qualifysb.todosth.使某人有资格做某事bequalifiedfor/todosth.有……的资格/有资格做某事Thegroundworkyouhavedoneandyourperformanceintheinterviewwillqualifyyoutoget(get)theleadershipinthisnewcompany.Previousteachingexperienceisanecessaryqualification(qualify)forthisjob.我确信我有资格担任这个职位。如果你能给我这个机会，我会不胜感激。(应用文写作之申请信)IamsurethatIamqualifiedfor/Ihavethequalificationforthepost.Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldoffermethechance.delayv.延迟；延期；推迟n.延期；延误delaydoingsth.延迟做某事withoutdelay立即；毫不耽搁Takingsomefactorsintoconsideration,thedoctorsdeterminedtodelaytelling(tell)himthefactthathesufferedfromlungcancer.为了防止人类继续危害自然，所有这些措施都必须立即执行。(话题写作之环境与自然)Topreventhumanbeingsfromgoingonharmingnature,allthesemeasuresmustbecarriedoutwithoutdelay.relevantadj.紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的(relevancen.关联；相关性irrelevantadj.不相关的，无关紧要的)•(be)relevanttosb./sth.与某人/某事有关•havenorelevanceto与……无关/不相关•(be)irrelevanttosb./sth.与某人/某事无关Itisgenerallyacceptedthatsuccessisnotnecessarilyrelevanttoinbornintelligence.Theteacherblamedhimforbreakingthewindow,buthisdeskmatejustifiedthathewasnotrelevanttothatincident.Theteacherblamedhimforbreakingthewindow,buthisdeskmatejustifiedthathehadnorelevancetothatincident.(relevance)Theteacherblamedhimforbreakingthewindow,buthisdeskmatejustifiedthathewasirrelevanttothatincident.(irrelevant)Whetherwearescientists,lawyers,doctors,publicservants,consultants,clerks,receptionistsorbutchers,weallmakeourrespectivecontributions.无论我们是科学家、律师、医生、公务员、顾问、职员、接待员还是屠夫，我们都做出了各自的贡献。whether...or...“无论……还是……，不管……还是……”引导让步状语从句。whether...or...也可以引导名词性从句作主语或宾语。表“是否”时只用whether不用if的情况：与ornot直接连用；后接不定式；作介词的宾语；位于句首；引导表语从句。Whetheryou’relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.Itisstillunderdiscussionwhethertheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.这场话题为学生是否应该做志愿者的辩论定于4月15日举行。(应用文写作之通知)ThedebatewhosetopiciswhetherstudentsshouldbevolunteersornotisscheduledtotakeplaceonApril15.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍operateA.给……动手术B.操作C.经营D.起作用E.运转Thecarispoweredbyabatteryonitsback,whichcankeepitoperatingforanhour.EMoreinterestingly,Itriedoperatingsomeaircraftbymyself.BIfthedoctorhadoperatedonhimearlier,hewouldn’thavedied.AMyparentsusedtooperateasmallrestaurantnearthetrainstation.CThiskindofmaterialoperatesasaveryeffectiveprotection.DfirmA.n.公司B.adj.坚硬的；牢固的；稳固的C.adj.坚定的；坚决的；强有力的Goaheadforafirmgoal,andthewholeworldwillletyougo!CSuchfriendshipwillneverbebrokenup,becausethefoundationonwhichitissetupisquitefirmandstrong.BThefirm’semployeesareexpectinglargebonuses.A快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。Weweretoldthatthecostumeswereonhirefromthelocaltheatre.租用Wecarefullylabelledeachitemwiththecontentsandthedate.贴标签于Pipesconveyhotwaterfromtheboilertotheradiators.运输,运送核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识Allthecandidatesapprovedofannouncingtheresultsofelectionwithoutdelay.Thenewtrafficruleswillcomeintooperation(operate)nextmonthtoeasethetrafficjam.Thereisatendencytohaveaprejudiceagainstnewcomerswhetherinafirmorinotherplaces.Anyone,whetherheisaknowledgeableprofessororabusdriver,shouldbeequallyrespected.Wehavelearnedfromtheknowledgeableprofessorthatpeopleofdifferentskincolorsareequalandnoraceissuperiortoanother.Topicsfortextbooksshouldberelevanttotheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudentsespeciallyforthesmallchildreninkindergarten.单句写作——应用文增分练(应用文写作之申请信)我在报纸上读到你们公司招聘秘书的广告。我觉得我有资格胜任你们所招聘的职位。(qualify)Ihavereadyouradvertisementforasecretaryinthenewspaper.AndIfeelthatI’mqualifiedforthepositionyouhaveadvertised.我曾经在一家大公司做过秘书，所以我积累了很多相关的经验。(relevant)IonceworkedinabigfirmasasecretarysoIaccumulatedmuchrelevantexperience.我精通英语和中文，所以我认为我在与外国合作伙伴的交流方面优于其他人。(superior)IhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandChinesesoIthinkI’msuperiortoothersincommunicationwithforeignpartners.无论我是否被接受，感谢您对我的申请的积极考虑。我期待着您的早日答复。(whether...or...)AnyfavourableconsiderationofmyapplicationwouldbeappreciatedwhetherornotIwillbeaccepted.I’mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.微型写作——续写提能练[教材续写语料]情感描写passionn.强烈情感；酷爱befondof喜爱refreshedadj.恢复了精力的，精神振作的genuineadj.真诚的，可信赖的；真的，名副其实的动作描写earnaliving谋生delayvi.&vt.延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延attainvt.达到；获得hirevt.&vi.聘用，雇用；租用weighup权衡，斟酌putsth.ontheline让……处于危险之中conveyvt.表达，传递；传送，运送seizevt.抓住，把握；捉住，夺；攻占；没收putone’sbestfootforward全力以赴环境描写firmn.商行，公司rainbown.虹，彩虹[续写语料运用]请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。艾米(Amy)喜欢绘画，她的抱负是成为一名伟大的画家。她热衷于通过她的作品来表达自己的感情。但父母的离婚让她的梦想落空了。在权衡利弊之后，她决定自己谋生以帮助母亲养家糊口。因此她辍学了。结果，她的梦想被耽搁了。她被雇用为一家公司的职员。但她下定决心不会放弃她的梦想，她将全力以赴去实现她的目标。Amyisfondofpaintingandherambitionistobeagreatpainter.Shehasapassionforconveyingheremotionthroughherworks.Butherparents’divorceputherdreamontheline.Havingweigheduptheprosandcons,shedecidedtoearnalivingbyherselftohelphermothersupportherfamily.Soshedroppedoutofschool.Asaresult,herdreamwasdelayed.Shewashiredbyafirmasaclerk.Butsheisdeterminednottogiveupherdreamandshewillputherbestfootforwardtoattainhergoal.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分)Youwererudetoyoursister,forwhichyoushouldmakeanapologytoher.Yourrudenessreallyupsether.(rude)Thegirlhasagenuinepassionformusic.Genuinelytouchedbytheirdaughter,theparentsboughtapianofortheirdaughter.(genuine)Priortocominghere,theymadegoodpreparations.Itwasnowonderthattheygotthepriority.(prior)You’llnevergetagoodjobifyoudon’thaveanyqualifications,soyoumuststudyhardtomakeyourselfqualified.(qualify)Nowthenewhospitaloperateswellandmanyoperationshavebeenperformedhere.(operate)Afterconsultingtheprofessor,Irefreshedmyself,soI’dliketoexpressmygratitudefortheconsultant.(consult)Anumberofapplicantshadappliedforthejob,butonlyafewofthemmadeit.(apply)选词填空(每小题2分,共14分)earnaliving;befondof;weighup;swingintoaction;prio