2022年山东省青岛市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)

2022年山东省青岛市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Withtheforestscutdown,soilcaneasilyloseitsfertilitywhentheessentialnutrientsare______.

2.WhyPeopleBuy

Whydopeoplebuy?Whydopeoplechoosetobuycertainproducts?Theseareimportantquestionsformanufacturersandbusinesses.Oneofthereasonsisadvertising.Manufacturersknowthateffectiveadvertisementssellproducts.Theyunderstandpeople'hemarketplace.Theyhavestudiedthepsychologyofadvertisingandbuying.Manufacturersanalyzethebusinessofsellingandbuyingallthetime.Thisiscalledmarketresearch.Theyknowallthedifferentmotivesthatinfluenceaconsumer'spurchase.Onlysomeofthereasonsforbuyingarerational;mostofthereasonsareemotional.

Thebusinessofsellinginthemarketplaceiscompetitive.Manufacturerscompeteforspecialdisplayplaces.Inagrocerystore,eachonewantstoowntheeyeleveldisplay.Manyshoppersdonotpurchaseproductsfromthetoporbottomshelves.Thecustomerisofteninahurry,andthecustomerishuman.Therefore,thecustomerbuystheproductwithineasyreach.Shoppersbuymoreproductsthattheycanseeeasily.Ontelevision,examplesofspecialdisplayplacesincludecommercials,oradvertisementsduringmajorsportsevents,liketheWorldCup,theOlympics,thehockeychampionships,andtheSuperBowl.Manufacturerspaylargeamountsofmoneytoadvertisetheirproductsontelevisionbecausemillionsofpeopleseethesegames.Otherspecialdisplayopportunitiesarcadsinmagazines.Thebestadvertisingspacesareontheinsideofthefrontorbackcoverofthemagazine.TheInternetisanotherspecialdisplayopportunityforadvertisers.TheyputtheiradvertisementsontheInternet.Acomputeruserwhoislookingforinformationaboutaspecialplantmayseeadsforflowersonthescreennexttotheinformation.Orasportsfanwhoislookingforthescoresofagamemayseeadsforsportsequipment.Thetravelerwhoismakingrentalcarreservationsmayseeadsforcarsandrentalagencies.Theadvertisementsarecleverandentertaining.Theypopupandflashonthescreen.Liketheotherkindsofadvertising,theypersuadepeopletobuy.

Manufacturersandstoreownersusetheirknowledgeofwhypeoplebuy.Forexample,theyunderstanddecisionbuyingandimpulsebuying.Theyencourageimpulsebuying.Forexample,nearthecheckoutcountersatalotofstores,therearelargerackswithmanyproductsonthem.Atagrocerystorecheckoutcounter,theremaybecollectionsoflittlebooks,magazines,candy,gum,razorblades,softdrinks,andotherlittlethings.Thesedisplaysareveryattractive.Thecustomersgotothecheckoutcountertopayfortheirpurchases;shoppershavealreadymadealltherational,wellthought-outdecisionsaboutbuying.Theyarefeelinggoodabouttheirchoices.Theyknowthattheyhaveshoppedwell.However,atthispoint,shoppersarevulnerable.Thecustomersstandthereandwaittopayfortheirpurchases.Theireyesmoveovertheattractivedisplaysofcandyandthecolorfulpicturesonthemagazines.Thensuddenlyonecustomerbuyssomethingextra.Thecustomerdoesnotneedorplantobuycandyormagazines—thesearenotrationaldecisions.However,foremotionalreasons,thecustomerbuys.Whathappened?Waitingforafewminutesinline,thecustomerpickedupamagazinetolookatit.Suddenlythecustomerdecidedtotakethemagazinehometofinishanarticle.Andthatisexactlywhatthestoreownerandmanufacturerhopewillhappen:theyexpectthecustomertobuyforanemotionalreason.

Buyingthemagazineatthecheckoutcounterisanexampleofanemotionalpurchase.However,manypurchasesarejusttheopposite.Theyarerational,wellthoughtout.Logicalbuyersusuallythinkabouteconomy,dependability,andconvenienceintheirpurchases.However,sometimesadvertisementschangetheirminds.Forexample,fifteen-year-oldJonathanchoosestheexpensiveathleticshoesthatheseesonthefeetofabasketba

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3.

BasedonMs.Fay'sadvice,weknowthatanemergingspecialtywithstronggrowthinjobsexpectedmightbe______.

4.Thecropcircleswerethoughttobethegreatestworksofmodernart,thesignsof______orlandingsitesofUFOs.

5.

Buyingnewproductsisthemainideaofthearticle.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Ithispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

HowtoCreateaHomeLibrary

"Icannotlivewithoutbooks,"declaredU.S.PresidentThomasJeffersontohisfriendJohnAdams.Indeed,Jeffersonwasanobsessivebookcollectorfromayoungage,amassing(收集)threeseparatehomelibrariesinhislifetime.Jefferson'slibrarywasconsideredthefinestinthecountry,andhiscollectiondoubledtheholdingsoftheLibraryofCongress.Still,Jeffersondidn'tlettheshelvesatMonticellositempty.Bythetimehedied11yearslater,hehadmorethan2000volumesinhislibrary.

Jefferson'slibrarymightfityourconceptionofanold-fashionedhomelibrarywithleather-boundbooks,woodpanelinganduncomfortablefurniture.Buthomelibrariescanbeadynamicexpressionoftheowner'spersonality.Creatingahomelibraryisafunwaytodisplayyourinterestswhileestablishingaspecialspaceforreading.

HomeLibraryOrganization

Whenyoustartedusingthepubliclibrary,youprobablylearnedaboutMelvilDeweyandhissystemfororderinglibraries.TheDeweyDecimalClassificationSystemhastenbroadcategoriesfororganizingbooks,includingphilosophy,religionandthearts.Eachcategoryisassignedanumber,soforexample,whenyouwantabookonmodernart,youheadtothe700block.Largerlibraries,suchasthoseatuniversities,tendtousetheLibraryofCongressClassificationSystembecauseitoffersamorespecificarrayofsubjectsforcategorization,addingsubjectssuchasmedicineandlawforatotalof21categories.

Yourhomelibrarymayormaynotbeaslargeasyourlocalpubliclibrary,butagoodsystemoforganizationwillstillhelpyoufindthebookyouwantquickly.YoucouldtakeapagefromDeweyandtheLibraryofCongressandsortbooksbysubjectmatter.Sectionsforsubjectssuchashistory,technologyorfictionmightmaketheirretrievaleasier.Thissystemalsowouldallowyoutohighlightaparticularpassion,suchasanextensivecollectionofWorldWarIIhistory.

Herearesomeotherwaystoorganizeacollection.

Alphabetizingbyauthorworkswellforfictionbutnotnecessarilyfornonfictionbooksofvarioussubjects.

Judgingabookbyitscoverisusuallyfrownedupon,butsortingbycolorcanbeaestheticallypleasingtosome.Thosegenerallyforgetfulaboutthecolorsoftheirbooksmightdisagree.

Afterapainfulbreakup,themaincharacterinNickHornby'sbook"HighFidelity"organizeshisrecordcollectionautobiographicallyintheorderheacquiredthem.Achronologicalorganizationmightincludeshelvesthattracktheprogressofyourlife,frombelovedchildhoodreadingandcollegetext-bookstoparentingbooks.

Tosomereaders,therearetwowaystolookatbooks:readandunread.Prioritizing(区分优先次序)whenyoumightneedthebookwillallowyoutokeepunreadbooksattheforefrontofyourcollection,aswellasbooksyoureachforfrequently,suchasreferencebooksorfavoritenovels.

LibraryFurniture

Whileitmightbedifficultforabooklovertospendmoneyonsomethingotherthanbooks,atsomepoint,youwillneedsomebookshelves.Built-in,bookshelvescanprovidefloor-to-ceilingstorageandspacesavings.Theycanbetuckedunderstaircasesorotherout-of-the-wayspaces;however,they'renotagoodchoiceforrenters,andtheycanrepresentabiginvestmentintermsofpriceandinstallation.Freest

A.builtthreelibrariesforCongress

B.builtthreelibrariesathishome

C.donatedbooksforthreelibraries

D.collectedbooksfromthreelibraries

7.Olderpeoplewhomaintainactiverelationshipswiththeiradultchildrenhavelessstressbecausetheyhavesomeoneto______.

8.

Newdrugsusuallyarenottestedonthepeoplewhoare______.

9.

DennisandIlah'sincomeisatmid-levelinthesociety.

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10.

PeopleinEuropehavehadmoreadvancedtechnologyinusingwindpowerthanAmericans.

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11.

Beingavolunteerishelpfulbecausevolunteerassignmentscanprovideyouwithchancestomeet___________________people.

12.

TheGovernmentbotherstomaintaingamereserves______.

13.

Manyfishesareabletoaltertheircolorationonlytocamouflagethemselves.

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14.

MarkTwainwasnotasuccessful______,buthewasanoutstandingwriter.

15.

Aneffectivereaderusuallyadjustshisratetohispurposeinreadingandtothedifficultyofthematerialwhileanineffectivereaderalways______.

16.BestTimeKeeper

WaldoWilcoxknewtherewastroublethemomenthesawthemauled(受伤的)deercarcass,notfarfromoneofthemeadowswherehiscattlegrazed.Hisdogs,DinkandShortie,sensedittoo—mountainlion.Hegrabbedhispistolandaropefromhistruck,andsaid,"Let'sgethim."Thenheheadedupthemountainside,hishoundsracingfarahead.

Wilcoxmovedinlongstridesuptherockygrade.Still,ittooksometimebeforehetoppedthesummit.Thebigcatwasnot50yardsinfrontofhim,itsfangs(尖牙)bared,corneredbythedogsonamassivesandstonebluff.

Wilcoxgrippedhisgun.Hehopedtotakethemountainlionaliveandsellittoazoo;he'ddonethatbeforeandmadeatidyprofit.Wilcoxtookquickaim,hispistolcracked,andtherewasasuddensilenceastheanimalfelllimptotheground.

Itwasn'tuntilthereddusthadsettledandWilcox'spulsehadslowedthathegazedaround.Whathesawstunnedhim.Highontheblufflayanarcheological(考古学的)treasuretrove(珍藏物)largepiecesofpottery,stonesheltersthatoncehousedwholefamilies,anddomedstructuresthathadheldwildgrainsharvestedcenturiesbeforeEuropeanssetfootinNorthAmerica.

Wilcoxmadehisdiscoveryonthebluffalmost20yearsago—butitwasnotthefirsttimehehadfoundrelicsonhisland.Since1951,whenhisfatherboughtthehighvalleyRangeCreekranch,ayearhadseldompassedinwhichWilcoxdidnotcomeuponsomespotofarcheologicalinterest.Occasionallyhestumbledacrossburialplots.

NativeAmericanCulture

Fornearlyhalfacentury,hekeptquietabouttheriches,tellinghardlyanyoneoutsidehisimmediatefamilywhatwashiddenintheisolatedvalley160milessoutheastofSaltLakeCity.Whenhediscoveredanewsite,Wilcoxwouldnoteitslocation—thenjustletthingsbe.

NowthesecretofRangeCreekisfinallyout.Fouryearsago,forcedbytimetogiveupranching,Wilcox,75,soldhisbeef-cattlepropertyinadealthatultimatelyputthelandinstatehands.ThankstoWilcox'ssilence,the4,200-acreranchisonehuge,untouchedarcheologicalsite.Today,scientistsfromUtah'sDivisionofStateHistoryandtheUniversityofUtaharebusilycataloguingmagnificent,previouslyunknownruinsontheproperty.

WhatthescientistsarelearningatRangeCreekhasalreadybeguntoshedlightononeofthegreatestmysteriesofNativeAmericanhistory—thefateoftheFremontculture,whichhadthrivedinUtahforalmost1,000years,thenvanishedvirtuallyover-nightinthe1300s.

TheveryexistenceoftheFremontdidnotcometolightuntilthelate1920s,whenaHarvardUniversityexpeditiondiscoveredevidenceofanancientpeoplewhosettledalongtheFremontRiverinsouthernUtah.Farmersandhunter-gathererswhoarrivedintheregionataboutA.D.400,theFremontlivedinone-roomhomesdugintotheearthandfinishedoffwithstacked-stonewailsandroofsmadeofreedsandmud.CarbondatingofcorncobsfoundontheWilcoxranchhintthatRangeCreekwasbuzzingwithactivityfromroughlyA.D.900to1100.

Butrightaroundthebeginningofthe14thcentury,somegreatshiftoccurred.Thedrawings,potteryandstructuresparticulartotheFremontcultureceasedtobemadeanywhere.SomeexpertsguessthatotherpeoplespushedouttheFremont.OthersspeculatethatsomeclimaticeventforcedtheFremonttomovesouth,wheretheymayhaveintegratedwithothertribes.

ALivingMonument

"Intermsofhistoryandarcheologicalstudy,RangeCreekisessentialtothestate,"explainsformergovernorOleneS.Walker."Itgivesusaviewintoaperiodforwhichwehavenowrittenhistory."SheisspeakingprimarilyabouttheFremontculture,butAWorldThatTimeForgot.Eventoday,thevalleyresemblesaworldthattimeforgot.

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17.

Nixon'sgrandmother______andsohelearnedlastingvaluesfromher.

18.

WhyareconservationistscooperatingwithlocalpeopleinMadagascarandBrazil?

A.Becausetheycareabouttigersandrhinos.

B.Becausetheyarescaredbythefactandwanttogiveup.

C.Becausetheywanttoassociatetheprotectionwithwelfareofthelocals.

D.Becausetheywanttoavoiddeforestation.

19.

Thegrowthofaglobalmilitarysystemis______.

20.Caregiversofdisabledfamilymembersarereportedtoundergoamortalityrateof______

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.【B8】

22.(17)

A.Hethinksitisapitythatthereisaflawonit.

B.Hethinksitisagoodbargainbutitcouldbemuchcheaper.

C.Hethinksitisarealbargainbecausetheflawishardlynoticeable.

D.Hethinksthewomanshouldshowittoherfriends.

23.(26)

A.Thepatienthasnostressinherlife.

B.Thepatientsuffersfromstressinherwork,lifeandfinances.

C.Thepatientisverybusyanddoesnothaveenoughtimeforsleep.

D.Thebiggestproblemwiththepatientishertackofphysicalexercise.

24.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Doemployersoragenciesactingon【B1】______ofemployerspostmostofthejob7Ingeneral,jobs【B2】______directlyarebyan【B3】______becauseyouwillbedealingdirectlywiththepeoplewhocanhireyou.【B4】______,ifanagencysendsyour【B5】______toanemployer,youmaybeatacompetitivedisadvantageincomparisonwithadirectapplicant.Anapplicantprovidedbyanagencywillcosttheemployermoretohire(becauseofthe【B6】______paidtotheagencytofindtheapplicant)thananapplicantwhocomestotheemployerdirectly,evenifthesalaryis【B7】______thesameforboth.So,allthingsbeingequal,thedirectapplicantwillmorelikelybehiredthantheagencyapplicant.

Ofcourse,it'snotalwayspossibletoworkdirectlywiththeemployerbecausesomeemployerswantanonymityforcompetitivereasonsandother,employersdon'thavethestaff【B8】______.Usually,employerpostingsarepreferablytoagencypostings.【B9】________________________?

E-mailagentfunctionstypicallycompareyourrequirementswithnewemployerjobpostingsandsendyoutheresultsviae-mailiftheyfindamatch.So,【B10】_______________________.Your"agents"willdothesearchingforyou,andsendyoutheresults.【B11】_______________________,butthesearchprocessisonautomaticpilot.

【B1】

25.(25)

A.Itisaclassforthosewhostudylameducks

B.Itisaclassforthosewhowanttolearnalanguage

C.Itisaclassforthosewhoneedspecialhelp

D.Itisaclassforthosewhowanttodoacademicwork

26.(21)

A.Theycaninvitegueststohavemealsatareducedprice.

B.Theyreceivecardsthatallowthemtobeservedfirst.

C.Theycanhelpdecidewhatwillbeonthemenu.

D.Theypaylesspermealthanthosewhodon'talwayseatthere.

27.

【B2】

28.

【B11】

29.听力原文：M:Whatdidyoudolastnight?

W:IwatchedTV.TherewasareallygoodmoviecalledSoylentGreen.

M:SoylentGreen?

W:Yeah.CharltonHestonwasinit.

M:What'sitabout?

W:Oh,it'saboutlifeinNewYorkintheyear2022.

M:IwonderifNewYorkwillstillbeherein2022.

W:Inthismovie,in2022…

M:Yeah?

W:…NewYorkhasfortymillionpeople.

M:Ouch!

W:Andtwentymillionofthemareunemployed.

M:HowmanypeopleliveinNewYorknow?Aboutsevenoreightmillion?

W:Yeah,Ithinkthat'sright.

M:Mm-hmm.Youknow,ifit'shardenoughtofindanapartmentnowinNewYorkCity,what'sitgoingtobelikein2022?

W:Well,inthismoviemostpeoplehavenoapartment.Sothousandssleeponthestepsofbuildings.Peoplewhodohaveaplacetolivehavetocrawloversleepingpeopletogetinside.Andthereareshortagesofeverything.Thesoilissopollutedthatnothingwillgrow.Andtheairissopollutedthattheyneverseethesun.It'sreallyawful.

M:IthinkI'mgoingtoavoidgoingtoNewYorkCityintheyear2022.

W:Andtherewasthisscenewherethestar,CharltonHeston,goesintoahousewheresomeveryrichpeoplelive.

M:Uh-huh.

(23)

A.Wenttoacinema.

B.WatchedTV.

C.Washedclothes.

D.Wentonstreet,

30.听力原文：W:IfIunderstandyoucorrectly,Mr.Savage,youweredrivingwellwithinthespeedlimitwhenyouwerestoppedbythePolice.

M:That'sright.IalwayskeeptothelimitonDownsideRoadbecausethere'saschoolslaponthecornerofthefirstturningandIwouldn'twanttoruntheriskofhittingoneofthekids,nowwouldI?

W:I'mafraidIdonotknowwhatyoumean.

M:Well,Igobythespeedometer,don'tI?That'swhataspeedometer'sfor,isn'tit,totellyouhowfastyou'regoing.Imeanamachinecan'tlie,canit?Peoplecan,butnotmachines.

W:"Machines"asyoucallthemarenotnecessarilyinfallible(一贯正确的)guides,Mr.Savage.Theysometimesgowrong.(23)InanycaseaccordingtothePolicetestimonyyouweredrivingatmorethansixtymilesanhourinsuchamannerastocauseadangertothepublic.Weavingfromsidetosidelikeago-godanceriswhatIthinkthePoliceConstablesaid.

M:Veryfunny,sir.Still,thesteeringwheelhasbeenplayingupabitlately,Iadmitthat.IsaidtomywifeonlytheotherdayI'dbetterhaveitseento,butshesaidsheputifofftillwewentonholidayso...

W:Mr.Savage.Now,(23)IunderstandthatwhenthePolicestoppedyou,yourefusedtotakeabreathalyzertest...Whywasthat?

M:Well,Ihadn'tbeendrinking,hadI?(24)HalfalagerandattheFeathers—youmustbejoking.

W:(25)Itisnotmyhabittomakejokesincourt,Mr.Savage.

(20)

A.Heischargedwithdrunken-driving.

B.Heiscaughtrunningoverachild.

C.Heiscaughtusingadefectivespeedometer.

D.Heisstoppeddancinggo-gointhestreet.

31.【B7】

32.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Pleasetakeaseat,andwecanhavealittlerestbeforetheluggageissenttoyourroom.Howwasyourjourney?

W:Nottoobad.Theflightwasquitesmooth,butwe'veflownforsome16hours.

Q:Whereistheconversationmostlikelytakingplace?

(12)

A.Atahotel.B.Atatheatre.C.Atacinema.D.Atanairport.

33.【B10】

34.听力原文：Today,airtravelisfarsaferthandrivingacaronabusymotorway.Butthereisthedangerthatgrowseveryyear.Fromthemomenttheairplanetakesofftothemomentitlands,everymomentiswatchedonradarscreens.Airtrafficcontrollerstellthepilotexactlywhentoturn,whentoclimbandwhentocomedown.Thetrafficcontrollersaroundthebusyairportmayhandle1,000planesaday.Anyplanethatfliesneartheairportcomesundertheordersofthecontrollersthere.Everysmallmistakeontheirpartcouldcauseadisaster.Recently,suchadisasteralmosthappened.Twolargejetswereflyingtowardstheairport.Onewascarrying69passengersandhadcomefrom.Toronto,theotherwascarrying176passengersfromChicago.Anairtrafficcontrollernoticedonhisradarscreenthatthetwoplanesweretooclosetoeachother.Heorderedonetoturntotherighttoclimb,buthemadeamistake.Heorderedthewrongplanetodothis.So,insteadofturningawayfromthesecondplane,thefirstplaneturnedtowardsit.15secondslater,itflewdirectlyinfrontofthesecondplane.Theyavoidedeachotherbyasecond.Thedistancebetweenthemwaslessthanthatofalargeswimmingpool.Thisisanexampleofthedangerthatgrowseveryyear.

(30)

A.Badweather.

B.Thelargesizeofairplanes.

C.Mistakesbyairtrafficcontrollers.

D.Crowdedairtraffic.

35.(35)

A.Eastern.B.Southern.C.Northern.D.Western.

36.

【B7】

37.(28)

A.Externalmotivationcansometimesbringaboutnegativeoutcomes.

B.Peoplearelikelytodotheirworkwithoutenthusiasmbecauseofthreat;

C.Studentsoftenstudyinordertopleasetheirparentsandteachers.

D.Thesecondform.ofmotivationcanbedangerousifthestudentscan'tachievetheirowngoal.

38.(31)

A.Thejobmustnotruinyourtalents.

B.Thejobmustbeabletoshapeyourpersonality.

C.Thejobmustsetapatternoflife.

D.Thejobmustsuityourinterest.

39.听力原文：M:Iheardthatthepre-turn-outfortheopeningofthenewsculptureexhibitwaskindofdisappointing.

W:IguessalotofotherpeoplefeelthewayIdoaboutmodemart.

Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(19)

A.Shelikesmodemart.

B.Alotofotherpeoplelikemodernart,too.

C.Alotofpeoplecametotheopening.

D.Modernartisnotattractivetothewoman.

40.(19)

A.Thewomanistheman'sboss.

B.Themanisthewoman'shusband.

C.Thewomanistheheadmasterofaschool.

D.Thewomanwantstoknowsomethingaboutastudent.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Accordingtoanimal-behavior.experts,thepetscanbeconditionedthrough______.

42.

Ifmemoriesfailedtofade,______.

43.

Winternightsareseldompitch-blackintheFarNorthbecauseof______.

A.themoonandstars

B.thenorthernlights

C.snowontheground

D.alloftheabovementionedfactors

44.Theauthortellsusinparagraph4______.

A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome

B.people'sdoubtabouttakingdrugs

C.whatkindofmedicinepeopleshouldprepareathome

D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople

45.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Whyinanageofadvancedtechnology,shouldsomanypeoplestillclingtoanancientbelief?Inpartitmustbebecauseastrology--claimstotellussomethingaboutourselves,andallofusareinterestedinourselves.Ithinkitisbecauseastrologyispresentedasifitwereasciencebyitsmodernpractitioner,andmanypeoplearemisledbythis.

Infact,astrologywasneverascience.Itwasnotahypothesisortheorydevelopedtodescribenaturalphenomena,anduntilfairlyrecenttimes,therewasnotattempttotestorverifyitspredictions.AstrologybeganapproximatelythreethousandyearsagoinBabylonia;itwasappliedtomonarchsandkingdoms,butnottoindividuals.Itspreadinthe6thcenturyBCasfarasIndia,whereitflourishestoday.TheEgyptians,meanwhile,developedtheirownkindofastrology.ButtheastrologynowpracticedinEuropeandAmericaisthatdevelopedbytheGreeks,whosynthesizedtheideasoftheBabyloniansandEgyptiansandenrichedthemwithconceptsfromtheirownfertileimaginations.TheGreeksbelievedthattheearthwascomposedoffourelements,andtheheavensofaperfectcrystallinematerial.Theplanetsthemselveswerevariouslythoughttobegods,residencesofgods,oratleastmanifestationsofgods.Thegodswereimmortal,butotherwisehadthesameattributesofanger,happiness,jealousy,rageandpleasureaswedo.Nowifwhatthegods'thoughtwascapricious(变化无常的),atleasttheplanetswerepredictableintheirmovements.Becauseourownlotinlifeissounpredictable,itmustbepurelyatthemercyofgods.Butifthegodsaretheplanets,orsomehowassociatedwiththem,thenwehaveonlytolearntherulesofthemotionsoftheplanetstounderstandthewhimsofthegodsandhowtheyshapeourownlives.Sothebeliefdevelopedthateachofourlivesispreordainedbythepreciseconfigurationoftheplanetsintheskyatthetimeofourbirth.

Astrologycouldnot,ofcourse,haveseemedasincredibletotheancientsasitdoestous.Theroleofthesuninfluencingourdailyandyearlylivesisobvious;itwasanaturalextensiontoattributeotherpowerstotheotherplanetsaswell.Itwasn'tuntilthetimeofNewtonthatweunderstoodthatthelawsofNatureapplytothecelestialworldsaswellastotheterrestrialone.Duringantiquity,however,allgreatscholarsbelievedinastrology.

Manypeoplearemisledbyastrologybecauseitispresentedbythepractitionersas______.

A.atheorythatcandescribenaturalphenomena

B.amagicalkeytounderstandingthemselves

C.anancientbeliefthathadlongbeenappliedtomonarchs

D.amysteriouspowerbeyondtheexplanationofscience

46.Hereamidthesteelandconcretecanyons,greengrassgrows.Ahawthorntree(山楂树)standsinnewsoil,andfreshlydugplantsbendinthewind.

ButChicagoCityHallhereseemsanunlikelyspotforagardenofanyvariety--especially20,000squarefeetofgardens--onitsroof.

Asoneofahandfulofsimilarprojectsaroundthecountry,thegardenispartofa＄1.5milliondemonstrationprojectedbythecitytoreduceits"urbanheatislands",saidWilliamAbolt,thecommissioneroftheDepartmentofEnvironment.

Heatislands--darksurfacesinthecity,likerooftops--soakupheat.Theretentioncanbakeabuilding,makingitstubborntocooling.

TheroofofCityHall,a90-year-oldgraystonelandmarkonLaSalleStreetintheheartofdowntown,hasbeenkn