2023届阅读理解话题分类专练世界与环（含解析）

2023届阅读理解话题分类专练:世界与环（共4题）一、阅读理解题（共4题）FormostAmericans,acleanglassofwaterisjustamatteroftamingonafaucet(水龙头).OnWednesday,theUnitedNations(UN)markedWorldWaterDaybytryingtocutthenumberofpeoplewithoutgooddrinkingwater—onebillionhumanbeingsworldwide—inhalf.Inthenexttenyears,theUNwillworkwithgovernmentsaroundtheworldtoreducetheshortage.InIndia,manypeoplebatheandwashtheirclothesinriversthatarepollutedbyhumanwaste."Thelinksbetweenwaterandhumanhealtharepowerful,"saidDr.LeeJong-wookdirector-generaloftheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)."Wecannotlivewithoutcleanwater."Theagencyprovidedcleanwatertonearly500,000peopleinIndonesiaandSriLankaafterthetsunami.Sincethen,itiscelebratedeachyearonMarch22.(1) A．WorldWaterDaywasfirstcelebratedin1993. B．AccordingtotheUN,nothavingenoughcleanwaterandsanitation(卫生)causesmorethanthreemilliondeathsayear. C．Wearebadlyinneedofcleanwater. D．Withoutcleanwater,manypeopleusewaterwhichisharmfultotheirhealth. E．Butformanyoftheworld'spoorest,it'shardtoget. F．Infact,theInternationalFederationoftheRedCrosssaidthatquickreactionafterlastyear'sAsiantsunamihadstoppeddisease. G．Weprovidecleanwatertothepeopleintsunami.(2) A．WorldWaterDaywasfirstcelebratedin1993. B．AccordingtotheUN,nothavingenoughcleanwaterandsanitation(卫生)causesmorethanthreemilliondeathsayear. C．Wearebadlyinneedofcleanwater. D．Withoutcleanwater,manypeopleusewaterwhichisharmfultotheirhealth. E．Butformanyoftheworld'spoorest,it'shardtoget. F．Infact,theInternationalFederationoftheRedCrosssaidthatquickreactionafterlastyear'sAsiantsunamihadstoppeddisease. G．Weprovidecleanwatertothepeopleintsunami.(3) A．WorldWaterDaywasfirstcelebratedin1993. B．AccordingtotheUN,nothavingenoughcleanwaterandsanitation(卫生)causesmorethanthreemilliondeathsayear. C．Wearebadlyinneedofcleanwater. D．Withoutcleanwater,manypeopleusewaterwhichisharmfultotheirhealth. E．Butformanyoftheworld'spoorest,it'shardtoget. F．Infact,theInternationalFederationoftheRedCrosssaidthatquickreactionafterlastyear'sAsiantsunamihadstoppeddisease. G．Weprovidecleanwatertothepeopleintsunami.(4) A．WorldWaterDaywasfirstcelebratedin1993. B．AccordingtotheUN,nothavingenoughcleanwaterandsanitation(卫生)causesmorethanthreemilliondeathsayear. C．Wearebadlyinneedofcleanwater. D．Withoutcleanwater,manypeopleusewaterwhichisharmfultotheirhealth. E．Butformanyoftheworld'spoorest,it'shardtoget. F．Infact,theInternationalFederationoftheRedCrosssaidthatquickreactionafterlastyear'sAsiantsunamihadstoppeddisease. G．Weprovidecleanwatertothepeopleintsunami.(5) A．WorldWaterDaywasfirstcelebratedin1993. B．AccordingtotheUN,nothavingenoughcleanwaterandsanitation(卫生)causesmorethanthreemilliondeathsayear. C．Wearebadlyinneedofcleanwater. D．Withoutcleanwater,manypeopleusewaterwhichisharmfultotheirhealth. E．Butformanyoftheworld'spoorest,it'shardtoget. F．Infact,theInternationalFederationoftheRedCrosssaidthatquickreactionafterlastyear'sAsiantsunamihadstoppeddisease. G．Weprovidecleanwatertothepeopleintsunami.【导语】假如身处古罗马帝国曾经的土地，你会和作者有一样的感受吗？It'seasytoforgetthatmorethantwothousandyearsago,muchofEuropewaspartoftheRomanEmpire.Perigueux,whereIamnowliving,isaveryhistorictown.Whatismostsurprisingisthatalotofancientarchitecturestillexiststoday.Therearesmall,cobbledstreets.Stonetowersarebetweentheshops.EvenmynewresidenceisoutsidetheremainsofaRomanamphitheatre!Thecentreofthisancientstructurehasbeenturnedintoaparkwithawaterfountain.Itfeelsamazingtoadmiretheruinsoftheamphitheatre'sstonewalls.Thewallshavebeenhereforsomanyyears!Theparkisalovelyplacetorelax.Theairiscool,thetreesprovideshade,andthereisconstantsoundofwatersoftlyflowinginthebackground.Atthemoment,Ilovetheparkbecauseofallthecrispyredleavesthatlitterthepaths.Autumnisabeautifulseason!AlthoughIenjoytheparksandhistoricalsitesinPerigueux,itisstrangetoliveinsuchasmalltown.Therearen'tanyshoppingmallstovisitatall.Sometimestheonlythingtodoiswalkaroundthetownadmiringtheviews.I'mstilladaptingtothisslowerpaceoflife.I'vebeentoldtheresomemuseumsinthetown.Iwillhavetocheckthemout.ItseemsthataftermytimeinFrance,IwillknowalotabouttheRomans!I'vebeeninFranceforamonth,andImissmyhomesometimes.WhenIfeelhomesick,Ioftengoforawalkoutside.Spendingtimeinnatureisagoodwaytogetrelaxed.IfIfeelsad,IremindmyselfthatIamluckytobelivinginanewcountry.EveryonehasbeenhelpfulsinceIarrived,whichhashelpedmesettlein.Ifoundmyfirstweekofteachingverytiring,butI'msureitwillgeteasier.【词海拾贝】1.architecturen.建筑学；建筑2.cobbledadj.铺有鹅卵石的3.residencen.住宅；居住4.amphitheatren.圆形露天剧场(1)()PerigueuxisatownwhichhasmuchancientarchitectureoftheRomanEmpire.(2)​()TheauthorworksasadoctorinFrance.Eventhousandsofyearsbeforethe"selfie(自拍)"wasinvented,peoplewereconcernedwiththeimageofthemselvestheypresentedtotheworld.TherulersofancientEgypthadartistscarveportraitsofthemtodecoratetheirtombsandpreservetheirimagesevenafterdeath.KingTutankhamenlivedmorethan3,000yearsago.HeruledancientEgyptfor10years,untilhisdeathat19."KingTut"remainedpracticallyunknowninthemodernworlduntil1922,whenscientistsdiscoveredhistomb,buriedandforgottenforcenturies.ThetreasuresinsidegavetheworldthefirstdetailedpictureofancientEgyptianlife.TheancientEgyptiansworshipped(崇拜)manygods.Theyalsobelievedthatallpeoplehadalifespirit,called"ka"thatneededaplacetoliveafterthebodydied.Tombsinsidehugepyramidsprotectedthepharaohs'(法老)ka.ThekacouldalsoexistinportraitsculpturesliketheoneofaseatedHatshepsut.Thewifeofapharaoh,Hatshepsuttookontheroleofthekingafterherhusbanddied.Carvedfromlimestone,thislife-sizesculptureshowsthelifeforceofHatshepsut'ska.TheartistsuggestsHatshepsut'sstrengthbyplacingherfeetfirmlyonthegroundandrestingherhandsonherkneesinafirm,powerfulpose.ViewersaremeanttolookatthesculptureofHatshepsutfromafrontalangleonly.ButartistThutmosecreatedhisportraitofQueenNefertitiasasculptureintheround,meaningviewersshouldobserveitfrommanypointsofview.Theworkisahighlyrealisticportraitofaqueenwhoruledbesideherhusband,apharaoh.Paintedwithdelicate(精细的)features,theimpressivecolorsinherportraitresemblethemakeupNefertitiprobablyworeinlife.Longbeforeanyoftheseportraitswerecreated,ahugecreaturewithalion'sbodyandahumanheadstoodguardinginEgypt'sValleyoftheKings.NooneknowswhocreatedtheGreatSphinx,orwhy,butitissaidtoresembleanearlypharaoh.Carvedoutofsolidrockonalarger-than-lifescale,itispossiblytheoldestandmostimposingportraitintheworld.(1)BywhatdoestheartistpresentHatshepsut'sstrength? A．Gesture. B．Material. C．Color. D．Size.(2)WhatdoyouthinkoftheportraitofNefertiti? A．Imaginative. B．Lifelike. C．Threatening. D．Abstract.(3)WhatmightbetheGreatSphinx? A．Akingofanimals. B．Aguardasbraveasalion. C．Aportraitofanearlypharaoh. D．Acreatureownedbyapharaoh.(4)What'sthepassagemainlyabout? A．Theoldestselfieintheworld. B．SomepowerfulkingsinEgypt. C．Someportraitsofkingsinsomecountries. D．SomeportraitsculpturesofancientEgyptianrulers.TheAkosomboisanearth-filleddam,640metersinlengthand74metersabovewaterlevel.Thereservoirmadebythedam,LakeVolta,hasanareaofabout8,482squarekilometersandalengthofabout400kilometers.AdvicetobuildadamacrosstheVoltaRiverdatesfrom1915.ConstructionoftheAkosomboDambeganin1961,andthedamwascompletedin1966.TheWorldBankandthegovernmentsofGhana,theUnitedStates,andtheUnitedKingdomwereresponsibleforthecost,$228million.About80,000peoplemovedawayfromtheirhomesinordertocreatethereservoir.Becauseoffluctuations(波动)inthereservoirlevel,energyproductionhasbeenunreliable.Somemajorindustrialconsumershavehadtoadjusttheirproductionaccordingly,andagreementstoexportelectricitytosuchcountriesasTogoandBeninhavebeenaffected.Planstoirrigate(灌溉)theAccraPlainhavealsobeenchangedbecauseofthewaterlevel,andtransportationonLakeVoltaremainspoorlydeveloped.TheconstructionoftheAkosomboDamandthecreationofLakeVoltawereintendedtoencouragetheestablishmentofnewindustries,todevelopagriculture,andtoprovideopportunitiesforfishinganddevelopwatertransportation.Theelectricitymadebythedamwassupposedtoprovideareliableenergysourceforlargeindustrialactivities,andwaterfromthelakewasaimedforirrigationprojects.Thedamandthereservoirhavecontributedlessthanexpected,however,toGhana'sindustrialandotherdevelopment.Duringtheearly1980sandearly1990s,verylowwaterlevelbecauseofdroughtgreatlyreducedthegenerationofelectricitybytheproject,affectingbothindustrialproductionandenergyexportstoTogoandBenin.Agricultureintheresettlementarearemainspoor.Thelakehas,infact,affectedtransportationandtradebetweennortheasternandsouthernGhana.Effortstodevelopwatertransportationhavehadfewresults.Fishingissuccessful,althoughlessthan10percentofGhana'sfishconsumptioncomesfromLakeVolta.(1)HowlongdidittaketocompletetheconstructionoftheAkosomboDam? A．Fouryears. B．Fiveyears. C．Forty-sixyears. D．Fifty-oneyears.(2)WhichofthefollowingisoneofthemainpurposesofbuildingtheAkosomboDam? A．TohaveacontroloverthewaterlevelofLakeVolta. B．Toproduceelectricityforothercountries. C．Todevelopa