高考英语语法精练非谓语动词

高考英语语法精讲精练----非谓语(wèiyǔ)动词第一页，共94页。1知识(zhīshi)精讲非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点,也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一.非谓语动词分为三种(sānzhǒnɡ)形式:不定式,V-ing分词(又分为现在分词和动名词)和过去分词.一、根底(gēndǐ)知识1.非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语(主语)补足语定语插入语(独立成分)V-ing形式现在分词●●●●动名词●●●●不定式（todo）●●●●●●过去分词（done）●●●●注:常见作独立成分的非谓语动词:totellyouthetruth(实话说),needlesstosay(不用说),tobehonest/frank(老实说,坦白说),tobemoreexact(更确切地说),tomakethingsworse(更糟的是),nottomention…(更不用说),Generally/Frankly/Roughlyspeaking(一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说)…第二页，共94页。22.非谓语动词(dòngcí)的变化形式非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式todotobedoneforsb.todosth.或ofsb.todosth.在“to”前加not或never进行式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/动名词一般式doingbeingdonesb.或sb’sdoing作主语要用sb’sdoing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式：sb’snotdoingsb’snothavingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone现在分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加not第三页，共94页。3二、重点难点(一)区分谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能(cáinéng)区分谓语与非谓语.①Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand_____lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.weighsC.weighedD.weighing【解析】容易误选B或C,将其当成谓语看待.undertheageoffourand____lessthan40pounds用作children的定语.动词weigh与名词children是主动关系,所以选择weighing.②______bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.A.GivingB.Give C.GivenD.Togive【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构,会误选A或C项.这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型.答案B.第四页，共94页。4(二)非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语①ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.②IthinkitimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.it作形式主语使用动名词的句型①Itisnouse/nogood/useless+doingsth.Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。②Itisfun(agreatpleasure,awasteoftime)+doingsth.Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.设法(shèfǎ)解释是浪费时间.第五页，共94页。52.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定①Idon’twant____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosound B.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded【解析】want后要跟动词不定式作宾语,sound是连系动词不用被动式,与谓语动词没有时间的先后,故不可用它的完成式.答案A.类似的知识点要记牢.如:help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语.②Itisdifficulttoimaginehis____thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.A.acceptB.acceptingC.toacceptD.accepted【解析】imagine要求用动名词作宾语。答案B。类似的知识点要记牢.以下常见的这些动词(组)后要用动词动名词作宾语:suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto(建议冒险去献身)finish,imagine,bear/stand,lookforwardto(完成想象忍盼望)giveup,delay/putoff,regret,miss(放弃延期悔失去)insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice(坚持欣赏要实践)payattentionto,excuse,escape/avoid,objectto(注意原谅逃/避反对)keep,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind(保持习惯勿介意)beworth,setabout/burstout/getdownto,bebusy(值得(zhídé)开始将忙乎)第六页，共94页。63.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语意义不同InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans____foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.wait D.tobewaiting【解析】此题意(tíyì)为“在英国的一些地方,如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时.〞meandoingsth.意为“意味着什么〞,meantodosth.意为“试图,打算做什么〞.答案A.类似的知识点要记牢.①动词本身意义不变,跟不定式和动名词意义不同.remembertodosth.记住要做rememberdoingsth.记得过去做过forgettodosth.忘了已做过的事forgetdoingsth.忘记要做某事第七页，共94页。7②动词本身意义(yìyì)改变,跟不定式和动名词意义(yìyì)不同.regrettodosth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾regretdoingsth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或懊悔meantodosth.打算,想要meandoing意味着,意思是trytodosth.努力做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁,忍不住can’thelp(to)dosth.不能帮助做某事beconsideredtohavedone被认为已经做了consider…tobe认为是considerdoing考虑做某事③动词本身意义(yìyì)不变,跟不定式被动式和动名词意义(yìyì)相同.want,need,require接动名词表示被动意义(yìyì),接不定式就要用被动式,这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系.

Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter〔=tobelookedafter〕.

Thematterneedsthinkingover(=tobethoughtover).第八页，共94页。8④以下动词跟动词不定式做目的状语,跟动名词作宾语.stoptodo停下来,要做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)stopdoing停止做(动名词作宾语)goontodo接着(jiēzhe)做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)goondoing继续做同一件事(动名词作宾语)4.有些动词后要用“疑问词＋不定式〞结构作复合宾语ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_____.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit【解析】此题考查“疑问词＋不定式〞和动词短语dowith的用法。答案C。第九页，共94页。9(三)非谓语作表语(biǎoyǔ)的重点①不定式、动名词与分词作表语(biǎoyǔ)的区别.不定式和动名词作表语(biǎoyǔ)相当于一个名词作表语(biǎoyǔ),含义是答复主语“是什么〞;分词作表语(biǎoyǔ)相当于形容词作表语(biǎoyǔ),含义是答复主语“怎么样〞.Ourplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.Theirjobismakingwheelchairsfordisabledpeople.Themusictheyareplayingsoundsexciting.Thisbeautifulvillageremainsunknowntotherestoftheworld.②现在分词和过去分词作表语(biǎoyǔ)的区别.现在分词和过去分词作表语(biǎoyǔ)都是用于答复主语“怎么样〞的.现在分词说明主语的特征,过去分词说明主语的状态.如:Thisdogisfrightening.这条狗让人害怕.(说明狗的特征)Thisdogisfrightened.这条狗有些害怕.(说明狗的心理状态)Climbingistiringandwearecompletelytiredafteraday'sclimbing.注意:在以下句中,非谓语动词具体的语法功能.Whathewantedtosuggestistocutdownthepriceandincreasethesales.MyAmericanteacheristoleaveChinasoon.Herworkistakingcareofthechildren.Sheistakingcareofthechildren.Thecupisbroken.ThecupwasbrokenbyPeter.第十页，共94页。10(四)非谓语(wèiyǔ)作宾语补足语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系非谓语与宾语的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系不定式主动关系①在谓语动词后发生②不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程现在分词主动关系同时进行过去分词被动关系动作已经完成或表示状态WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.〔主动(zhǔdòng)进行〕

Isawhimgotothecinema.〔主动(zhǔdòng),全过程〕Weheardhersingingnextdoor.〔主动(zhǔdòng)进行〕Weheardthesongsungbyhernextdoor.〔被动完成〕Weheardthesongbeingsungnextdoor.〔被动进行〕第十一页，共94页。112.以下动词和短语(duǎnyǔ)必须以用不定式作宾语补足语.wish,want,ask,require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,callon,dependon注意:advise/allow/permit/forbid+宾语+不定式作宾语补足语advise/allow/permit/forbid+动名词作宾语时①Whatdidthelibrarian_____outofthelibrary?A.permittotake B.forbidtobetakenC.allowtotake D.insistbeingtaken②Idon’tallow____inmyofficeandIdon’tallowmyfamily____atall.

A.tosmoke…smoking B.smoking…tosmoke

C.tosmoke…tosmoke D.smoking…smoking3.在think,consider,find等动词后常用tobe+adj.结构作宾语补足语,有时tobe省略.Wealldiscoverhim(tobe)kindandhonest.第十二页，共94页。124.几个特别的结构▲have+宾语+do/doing/done①have+宾语+dosth.意为“让/叫/使某人做某事〞.此结构中的have是使役动词,宾语后的dosth是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语.Thebossoftenhasthemworkfor14hoursaday.②have+宾语+doing意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生〞.宾语后面用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行.Don’thavethedogbarkingmuch,Lilin.③have+宾语+done意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事〞或者是“遭受/遭遇了…,此时(cǐshí),主语是无意中的受害者,而不是动作的执行者〞的意思.宾语后面用过去分词作宾语补足语,说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系.Wehadthemachinemendedjustnow.Hehadhisleginjuredwhileplayingfootball.第十三页，共94页。13▲get+宾语+todo/doing/done(三种结构的意义参看上述“have+宾语+do/doing/done〞的意义解释.)Hegothissistertohelphimwithhisclothes.Canyoureallygetthatoldclockgoingagain?Dorisgotherbadtoothpulledoutinthehospital.▲catchsb.doingsth逮住某人(mǒurén)干某事Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,she’llbefurious(愤怒).▲make+oneself+doneoneself与其后的过去分词存在着动宾关系,或者说是被动关系.Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.第十四页，共94页。14(五)非谓语(wèiyǔ)作定语的重点.1.理解下表中所列的关系.分类形式与被修饰词的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系不定式todo动宾关系在谓语动作后发生“thelast/next/first...”后常接不定式作定语，表示主谓关系在谓语动作前或者后发生tobedone被动关系在谓语动作后发生现在分词doing主动关系与谓语动作同时进行beingdone被动关系与谓语动作同时进行过去分词done被动关系在谓语动作之前发生存在的状态或情况ItisagoodchancetopracticeyourspokenEnglish.

Hewasthelastonetoleavetheoffice.ThewomanstandingoverthereisourEnglishteacher.

Thehousetobebuilt(=whichwillbebuilt/whichistobebuilt)nextyearwillbeournewlibrary.Thehousebeingbuilt(=whichisbeingbuilt)nowwillbeournewlibrary.Thehousebuilt(=whichwasbuilt)lastyearisournewlibrarynow.

IlikereadingbookswrittenbyLuXun.第十五页，共94页。152.动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson______.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语(dìngyǔ),排除B和D;答案A中,没有to就意味着是把George这个人打发走.本句意思是将该报告送给这个人—George,it指这个报告,因此to不能少.答案C.第十六页，共94页。16(六)非谓语作状语的重点1.理解(lǐjiě)下表中所列的关系非谓语与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系与谓语动作的时间关系doing（一般式）作状语主动关系（几乎）与谓语动作同时进行havingdone（完成式）作状语主动关系先于谓语动作发生havingbeendone（完成被动式）作状语被动关系先于谓语动作发生done（过去分词）作状语被动关系已经在过去发生或是不十分强调时间概念Waiting(=WhenIwaswaiting)toseethedoctor,Imetwithafriendofmine.

Having(=Becausewehave)madefullpreparations,wearesuretobesuccessful.

Havingbeenshownaround(=Afterwehadbeenshown)thelibrary,wewerethentakentoseethelaboratory.Seen(=Whenthetownisseen)fromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.Locked(=Whenhewaslocked)upintheroom,hefoundhimselfisolatedfromtheouterworld.2.too…to…,enoughtodo…,onlyto…等结构表示结果Theboyistooyoungtojointhenavy.Thehallisbigenoughtohold1,000people.Theyliftarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.注意(zhùyì):动词不定式作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果,而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果.Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.第十七页，共94页。173.分词(短语)作状语的附着规那么.使用分词(短语)作句子状语时,有一条规那么必须(bìxū)遵守:即分词(短语)的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致,否那么句子就是错句._____fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HaveseenD.Tosee【解析】此处是非谓语动词做状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语,非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去分词.答案A.比照：Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecanfindthesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.注意:已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词(短语)不需要遵守这条附着规那么.常见的的有:considering…(鉴于/考虑到…),judgingby/from…(从…来看,依据…来判断),supposingthat…(假定…),providingthat…(假定…),accordingto…(依据…),including…(包括…),owingto…(由于…),talking/speakingof…(谈及…),given…(考虑到…),providedthat…(如果…)第十八页，共94页。184.独立主格结构(jiégòu)和with复合结构(jiégòu)▲逻辑主语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词Isendyou100dollarstoday,theresttofollowinayear.Weatherpermitting,I’llgototheparkwithmyparentsonSunday.Allthingsconsidered,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.▲with(without)+宾语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.Withoutanythingtoeat,hediedofhunger.TheYangtzeriverisverybusywithsomanyboatsandshipscomingandgoingeveryday.Withoutanymoretimegiven,wecouldn'tfinishthetaskinthreeweeks.Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.第十九页，共94页。19(七)不定式的省略不定式的省略我们可以分作两种,一种是对不定式符号“to〞的省略(如:makesb.dosth.等);另一种那么是不定式符号“to〞后省略实义动词的形式.这儿讲的是第二种情况(又称不定式符号to的替代作用).常见情形有：①would/shouldlike/loveto,usedto,haveto,oughtto,begoingto,beableto,bewillingto等后面的to均为不定式符号,重复(chóngfù)时可省略to后该不定式短语.如:—Couldyoulendmeyourdictionary?—I’dliketo(lendyoumydictionary).②动词afford,agree,expect,forget,hope,intend,manage,need,pretend,refuse,try,want,wish等后面常接不定式短语作宾语,重复(chóngfù)时可省略to后该宾语.如:Youmayaskhimforhelpifyouwantto(askhimforhelp).③动词allow,beg,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,tell,persuade等后面常接不定式短语作宾语补足语,重复(chóngfù)时可省略to后该宾语补足语.如:I’llgotoherbirthdaypartyifsheinvitesmeto(gotoherbirthdayparty).第二十页，共94页。20(八)非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般说来非谓语动词的逻辑主语要么就是句子的主语或宾语,要么就是被它所修饰的中心词.但是有时需要明确非谓语动词所表示(biǎoshì)动作的执行者或承受者,这时就要标明它的逻辑主语.①当动名词短语作主语,宾语或表语时,具有名词特性,其逻辑主语由“名词所有格或形容词性物主代词〞表示(biǎoshì),放在动名词短语之前.当动名词短语不在句首时,也可由“名词普通格或代词宾格〞表示(biǎoshì).Helen’s/Herbeingabsentmadetheteacherveryangry.Theyinsistedonmy/mespeakingatthemeeting.②形容词+for+名词或代词+动词不定式.形容词通常表示(biǎoshì)事物的性质ItisnecessaryforyoutofinishtheworkbeforeFriday.Hisideaisforustotravelindifferentcars.③形容词+of+名词或代词+动词不定式.形容词往往表示(biǎoshì)人物的性格和特征Howcarelessitisofhimtobreaksuchavaluablevase!It’sbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethebaby!第二十一页，共94页。21(九)关于therebe的非谓语形式therebe非谓语形式可在句中作主语,宾语,状语和定语.1.作动词宾语时,通常用theretobe结构,而不用therebeing.能这样用的及物动词为:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如:

Wedon'twanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind(落伍).Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere.Wehavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere．2.作状语多用therebeing结构,但假设置于介词for之后要用theretobe.Therebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself．It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyup．

Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thegroundwasverydry.3.作主语时两种结构都可以,但如是(rúshì)用for引导那么要用theretobe.Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung.Therebeingakindergartenoncampusisagreatconveniencetofemaleteachers.第二十二页，共94页。22考点(kǎodiǎn)聚焦考点(kǎodiǎn)1区分谓语与非谓语Pleasedomeafavor—______myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheaterat7:30tonight.A.toinvite B.inviting C.invite D.invited【解析】该题目把祈使句,非谓语动词以及破折号的作用综合到一起来进行考察(kǎochá)查.句意:请帮我个忙——邀请我的朋友史密斯先生今晚7点半到青年剧院.破折号后是一个祈使句.第二十三页，共94页。23考点2非谓语(wèiyǔ)动词作各种成分的区别1.作宾语时的区别①Ican’tstand_____withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses______talkingwhilesheworks.A.working,stopping B.towork,stopping C.working,tostop D.towork,tostop【解析】stand表示(biǎoshì)“忍受〞,后要用动名词作宾语,而refuse要用不定式作宾语.②Isn'tittimeyougotdownto______thepapers?A.mark

B.bemarked C.beingmarkedD.marking【解析】gotdownto中的to是介词因而要用动名词作宾语,而动名词marking与其逻辑主语you是主动关系.③Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionsneed_______.A.that,tobeimproved B.which,tobeimprovedC.where,improving D.when,improving【解析】“公路状况需要改善〞,need后接improving或tobeimproved都可以.后面的从句应是“problem〞的同位语,应用that引导.第二十四页，共94页。24④Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried______alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.A.living B.tolive C.tobeliving D.havinglived【解析】trydoingsth.意为“试着做某事〞;trytodosth.意为“尽力去做某事〞.句意:苏姗不想依赖父母(fùmǔ).她试着一个人生活,但不喜欢这样,又搬回家去了.⑤Allthestaffinourcompanyareconsidering______tothecitycentreforthefashionshow.A.togo B.going C.tohavegone D.havinggone【解析】considerdoing意为“考虑做某事〞.第二十五页，共94页。252.作表语时的区别①Tomsoundsverymuch_____inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestingly D.interestedly【解析】sound是连系动词,应使用形容词化的分词(fēncí)作表语.C,D备选项都是副词,应排除.interest的现在分词(fēncí)表示主语所具有的特征,意思是“令人感兴趣的〞;过去分词(fēncí)表示主语所处的状态,意思是“感兴趣的〞.②Pleaseremain ;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.A.seating B.seated C.toseat D.tobeseated【解析】seat是及物动词,beseated=sitdown.此处seated=sitting.remainseated保持坐着的状态.句意为:请各位在座位上坐着;获奖者很快就会宣布的.第二十六页，共94页。263.作宾语(主语)补足语时的区别.①Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake【解析】动词(dòngcí)ask后用不定式作宾语补足语,其否认形式是nottodo.②—Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?—Justaminute.I’llhaveBob____youtoyourroom.A.show B.shows C.toshow D.showing③Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifhewasfound________inkitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.tosmoke D.smoked【解析】find〞后接现在分词作主语补足语.此句中smoking是主语he的补足语,所以称为主语补足语.表示主动的正在发生的事.根据immediately可判断出“厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被立即开除〞.④TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish asmuchaswecan.A.speak B.speaking C.spoken D.tospeak【解析】考查hear+宾语+do/doing/done的结构.因为English是“被说〞,故用过去分词spoken作宾补,表示被动.第二十七页，共94页。274.作后置定语时的区别①Ifthereisalotofwork_____,I’mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.A.todoB.tobedoingC.done D.doing【解析】work和do虽然存在逻辑上的动宾关系,但主语I和do存在逻辑上的主谓关系,此时用todo做后置定语.②WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson______.A.tosend B.forsendingit C.tosenditto D.forsendingitto【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语,排除B和D选项;答案A项意为“送乔治这个(zhège)人走〞,显然不符合题意.而应该是将报告送给“乔治这个(zhège)人〞才符合题意.“it〞指这个(zhège)报告.后面的介词“to〞不能少.③—Thelastone_____paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrived B.arrives C.toarrive D.arriving【解析】thelast/next/first...后常接不定式作定语.第二十八页，共94页。28④TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames______inBeijingin2019.A.hold B.holding C.held D.tobeheld【解析】非谓语动词作后置定语的三种情况:themeetingtobeheld意为“即将召开的会议〞;themeetingheld意为“已经召开的会议〞;themeetingbeingheld是“正在召开的会议〞的意思.很显然当时(2006年)“the29thOlympicGames〞还没有召开,应选D项.⑤ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures______inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.form C.forming D.havingformed【解析】根据此题提供的语境,“看书时有画面在大脑(dànǎo)中形成.〞而句中有谓语“thereare〞,所以本应填非谓语动词,可排除B项.又因为“看书的同时就会形成〞,排除A、D选项,应选C项作定语.⑥Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks____couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosed B.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosed D.toopenandclose【解析】参看上面的例④.第二十九页，共94页。29⑦TheTownHall______inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.tobecompleted B.havingbeencompletedC.completed D.beingcompleted【解析】参看上面例④的简析.⑧—Canthose_____atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?—Noproblem.A.seat B.sit C.seatedD.sat【解析】sit为不及物动词,可用sitting作定语;seat为及物动词,常与反身代词连用(liányòng)或用beseated形式.这里seat与those构成逻辑上的被动关系,故用其过去分词作定语=thosewhoareseated….第三十页，共94页。305.作状语时的区别①Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshasbeensoldout.A.tobetoldB.totellC.toldD.telling【解析】only后接不定式表示出人意料的结果.②Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching【解析】从句意来分析,主句局部表示油价上涨了百分之三十二,逗号后面的内容为油价上涨后的必然结果“到达…记录〞.③Thestormleft,_____alotofdamagetothisarea.

A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused【解析】Thestorm与cause存在逻辑上的主动关系,故排除选项A;不定式作状语,前面通常不用逗号,排除B,C选项;因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失〞是在“结束〞之前,所以用完成式.④“Youcan’tcatchme!〞Janetshouted,_________away.

A.run B.running C.torun D.ran【解析】runningaway在此作shouted的伴随状语,由珍妮特发出这一动作,故用现在(xiànzài)分词.第三十一页，共94页。31⑤______toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.A.Fail B.Failed C.Tofail D.Havingfailed【解析】非谓语动词与主语构成主谓关系.且“没有打动〞在“发电子邮件〞前已经发生.用现在分词主动式的完成式作时间状语.⑥______aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2019OlympicGames.A.Havingshown B.Tobeshown C.Havingbeenshown D.Toshow【解析】show与take之间有明显的时间先后关系,且句子的主语与show构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故该空格处用完成式的被动形式.⑦____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.Todress C.DressingD.Having【解析】dress是及物动词,dresssb./oneself(表动作),bedressedin(表状态(zhuàngtài)).dress与he之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词.⑧______intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.Put B.Putting C.HavingputD.Beingput【解析】句子的主语是“thehotline〞与“投入使用〞存在着逻辑上的被动关系,而且表示过去的事情,所以排除D项.第三十二页，共94页。32考点3分词〔短语(duǎnyǔ)〕作状语的附着规那么①Facedwithabillfor$10,000,_______.

A.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn

B.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajob

C.anextrajobhasbeentaken

D.Johnhastakenanextrajob【解析】根据“分词作状语其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致〞的原那么,只有A项才对.②_________,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A.Generalspeaking B.Speakinggeneral C.Generallyspeaking D.Speakinggenerally【解析】分词短语独立成分.现在分词短语作为习语不遵守分词的附着规那么.③____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A.CompareB.Whencomparing C.Comparing D.Whencompared【解析】分词的逻辑主语为“thebiggestocean〞,它不能发出compare动作.从compareAwithB的结构我们可以推断,它们(tāmen)之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词.如选B或C项,那么就是“垂悬分词〞.第三十三页，共94页。33考点4非谓语动词(dòngcí)的特殊结构1.不定式的复合结构和否认结构①Itwasfoolish_____youtogiveupwhatyourightlyowned.A.

for

B.

of

C.

about

D.

from

【解析】本句可以改成:Youwerefoolishtogiveup….形容词与非谓语动词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系(guānxì)/②Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtomearule_____.A.toneverbreak B.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebroken D.nevertobebreaking【解析】动词不定式的否认式是在“to〞前加“not〞或“never〞.“规那么被打破〞要用被动式.③Thepatientwaswarned______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.

to

eat

not

B.

eating

not

C.

not

to

eat

D.

not

eating【解析】动词不定式的否认式是在“to〞前加“not〞或“never〞.第三十四页，共94页。342.动词不定式的省略结构①—What’sthematterwithDella?—Well,herparentswouldn’tallowhertogototheparty,butshestill_____.A.hopestoB.hopessoC.hopesnotD.hopesfor【解析】在不定式作简略答复(dáfù)时,常常将不定式“to〞之后的内容省略.②—Wouldyouliketojoinmeforaquicklunchbeforeclass?—,butIpromisedNancytogooutwithher.A.I’dliketo B.IlikeitC.Idon’t D.Iwill【解析】简略答语中省略动词,只保存动词不定式符号.③Inmyopinion,lifeinthetwenty-firstcenturyismucheasierthan .A.thatusedtobe B.itisusedto C.itwasusedto D.itusedtobe【解析】表示“过去常常…〞用“usedtodo〞.此题中“be〞为连系动词,不是实义动词,不能省略.第三十五页，共94页。353.不定式的几个特别句型①ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows______.A.itwhattodowith B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit D.todowhatwithit【解析】疑问词+不定式〞作动词“knows〞的宾语,而todowithsth.意为“处置,对付〞是固定搭配.“it〞是“with〞的宾语指“theland〞.“whattodowithit〞当于宾语从句“whatthegovernmentshoulddowithit〞.②Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood .A.tobebreathed B.tobreathe C.breathing D.beingbreathed【解析】在“主语(zhǔyǔ)+be+adj.+todo〞句型中,动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义.第三十六页，共94页。36③—IsBobstillperforming?

—I’mafraidnot.Heissaid_____thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.

A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft【解析】在“Sb./Sth.is/was+过去分词+不定式〞句型中,如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词前面发生,动词不定式要用完成(wánchéng)式.④Thefluisbelieved_____byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellinsidethehumannoseandthroat.A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused【解析】在“Sb./Sth.is/was+过去分词+不定式〞句型中，如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词后面发生,动词不定式要用一般式.第三十七页，共94页。374.动名词的复合结构和否认结构①____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.A.Thepresidentwillattend B.ThepresidenttoattendC.Thepresidentattended D.Thepresident’sattending【解析】动名词的复合结构在句中作主语(zhǔyǔ),句中thepresident’s为名词所有格充当动名“attending〞的逻辑主语(zhǔyǔ).②—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomed________atmeals.A.totalk B.tonottalk C.totalking D.tonottalking【解析】beaccusedto(习惯于),其中to是介词,后跟名词或动名词.动名词的否认式在其前加not.③Thenewsof_______greatlymadeussurprisedalotashewasindeedveryexcellent.

A.nothishavingelected B.nothisbeingelected

C.hisnotbeingelected D.hisnothavingelected【解析】如果将D选项改成“hisnothavingbeenelected〞也对.注意:现在分词的否认式也是在其前加not._______theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.Notcompleting B.Notcompleted C.Nothavingcompleted D.Havingnotcompleted第三十八页，共94页。385.独立主格结构与with复合结构①Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunched B.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunched D.tobelaunched【解析】独立主格结构作状语,排除谓语动词形式(xíngshì),即A项.themostrecent与launch为逻辑上的被动关系,且launch在谓语动词之前发生.②Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_______fortheday.A.finishing B.finished C.hadfinished D.werefinished【解析】根据句子结构判断,此处为独立主格结构,且功课是被完成,因此用过去分词.③—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork____mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filled B.filling C.tofill D.beingfilled【解析】somuchwork与fill之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,并且强调此时状态,故用现在分词.④Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork____,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinished【解析】hiswork与finish之间逻辑上存在被动关系,用过去分词表示被动且已经完成.第三十九页，共94页。39非谓语动词解题角度1.时态角度：完成、进行和将来以谓语动词所表示的时间作为(zuòwéi)参照点.2.语态角度：找准逻辑主语,分析相对于逻辑主语来说,动作是主动还是被动.第四十页，共94页。40非谓语动词(dòngcí)解题角度时态角度：完成、进行(jìnxíng)和将来谓语(wèiyǔ)时间参照点进行与谓语动作同时发生发生在谓语之前完成发生在谓语动作之后将来第四十一页，共94页。41完成：非谓语动作(dòngzuò)发生在谓语动作(dòngzuò)之前havingbeendone/done/tohavebeendone(2010·湖南卷)Dina,________formonthstofindajobasawaitress，finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostruggle几个月以来,Dina一直努力想找一份女效劳员的工作(gōngzuò),最终她在当地一家广告代理处谋到了一个职位.“struggle〞发生在谓语“tookaposition〞之前,所以选C.tookaposition(2010·海淀)_____awrittenpermission,hehadtowriteanotherlettertothepresidentoftheuniversity.A.Notgiving B.NothavingbeengivenC.HavingnotgivenD.Havingnotbeengivenhadtowrite(2010·扬州)Thelittlegirlshowednoanxietybeforethecompetition.Sheseemed______foritprettywell.A.toprepareB.tohavepreparedC.havingpreparedD.tobepreparingseemedprepare发生在谓语seemed之前,且seem之后(zhīhòu)接不定式,所以选B.第四十二页，共94页。42进行：非谓语动作与谓语同时(tóngshí)发生doing/tobedoing(2010·江西卷)Theladywalkedaroundtheshops,_____aneyeoutforbargains.A.keep B.keptC.keeping D.tokeep“留意廉价货〞这一动作是伴随谓语动作walkedaround…同时发生(fāshēng)的,所以选C.walkedaround(2010·湖南卷)Listen!Doyouhearsomeone____forhelp?A.calling B.callC.tocall D.calledhearcallforhelp这一动作正在发生(fāshēng),所以选A.Theypretendedtobestudyingwhentheteachercamein.tobestudying老师进来的时候,他们假装正在学习.强调动作正在进行,所以用不定式进行式.第四十三页，共94页。43将来(jiānglái)：非谓语动作发生在谓语之后todo本学期结束前我有许多阅读要完成.考查非谓语(wèiyǔ)动词作定语.havesth.todo有某事要做,todo这一动作还未发生,所以选B.(2010·山东(shāndōnɡ)卷)Ihavealotofreadings____beforetheendofthisterm.A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompletedhave第四十四页，共94页。44非谓语动词用主动还是被动,主要取决其逻辑主语,相对于逻辑主语动作(dòngzuò)是被动就用被动语态形式.逻辑(luójí)主语成分(chéngfèn)：语态角度逻辑主语：宾语表语状语定语宾语补足语主语补足语主语中心词宾语主语主语中心词宾语主语第四十五页，共94页。45非谓语动词的被动(bèidòng)形式tobedone被动、将来tohavebeendone被动、完成beingdone被动、进行havingbeendone被动、完成done被动、完成Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestion________.A.turningdownB.turneddownC.tobeturneddown