当代物流学第一讲

当代物流学第一讲第1页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一LessononelogisticsandthesupplychainKeywordsChannelintermediariesCosttrade-offsEconomicutilityFIFOFOBoriginFOBdestinationPricingsystemsFormutilityFreightabsorptionLandedcosts第2页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一LIFOMarketingchannelPhantomfreightPlaceutilityReverselogisticsSupplychainStock-keepingunitsStockoutsSystemsapproachTimecostapproach第3页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一Partone:economicimpactsoflogisticsOne:whileabsoluteandrelativeinlogisticscostsinrelationtoGDPvaryfromcountrytocountry,logisticsismostdefinitelyanimportantpartinacountry’seconomyTwo:logisticscanalsoplayanimportantroleinanation’sgrowthanddevelopment,particularlyimprovementsintransportationefficiency第4页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一

Three:theeconomicimpartsoflogisticscanaffectsindividualconsumerssuchasyou,theseimpartscanbeillustratedthroughtheconceptofeconomicutilitywhichisthevalueorusefulnessofaproductinfulfillingcustomerneedsorwants第5页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一Parttwo:logistics:whatitisOne:someofthetermsusedtorefertobusinesslogisticshaveincludedthefollowingBusinesslogisticsDistributionIndustrialdistributionLogisticsLogisticsmanagementMaterialsmanagementPhysicaldistributionSupplychainmanagement第6页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一Two:themeaningoflogisticsClm:logisticsisthatpointofthesupplychainprocessthatplans,implement,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveforwardandreverseflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomers’requirement第7页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一Partthree:theincreasedimportantoflogisticsOne:areductionineconomicregulationTwo:recognitionbyprominentnow-logisticsThree:technologicaladvancesFour:thegrowingpowerofretailersFive:globalizationoftrade第8页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一Partfour:thesystemandtotalcostapproachtologistics

One:thesystemapproachindicationthatacompanyisobjectivescanberealizedbyrecognizingthemutualinterdependenceofthemajorfunctionalareasofthefirm,suchasmarketing,production,finance,andlogistics第9页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一Oneimplicationofthesystemsapproachisthatthegoalsandobjectivesofthemajorfunctionalareasshouldbecompatiblewiththecompany’sgoalsandobjectives.ThismeansthatonelogisticssystemdoesnotfitallcompaniessincegoalsandobjectivesvaryfromonefirmtoanotherAselectimplicationisthatdecisionsmadebyonefunctionalareashouldconsiderthepotentialimplicationuponotherfunctionalareas.第10页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一Partfive:logisticsrelationshipwithinthefirmFinance:Thelogisticsdevelopmentregularlyinterfaceswiththefinancearea,inpartbecauselogisticaldecisionsareonlyasgoodasthequalityofcostdatawithwhichtheyareworking.第11页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一MarketingContemporarymarketingplacesheavyemphasisoncustomersatisfaction,andlogisticsstrategiescanfacilitatecustomersatisfactionthroughreducingthecostofproducts,whichcantranslateintolowerpricesaswellasbringingabroadervarietyofchoicesclosertowherethecustomerwishestobuyorusetheproductsLogisticsstrategiesofferauniquewayforacompanytodifferentiateitselfamongconpetiters,andlogisticsnowoffersanimportantrouteformanyfirmstocreatemarketingsupervionty第12页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一

4p:placedecisionpricedecisionproductdecisionpromotiondecision第13页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一ProductionPerhapsthemostcommoninterfacebetweenproductionandlogisticsinvolvesthelengthofproductionrunsIncreasingutilizationofthepostponementconceptalsoinfluencetheinterfacebetweenproductionandlogistics第14页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一MarketingchannelsMarketingchannelcanbeviewsassetsofinterdependentorganizationinvolvedintheprocessofmakingaproductorserviceavailableforuseorconsumption第15页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一

Themostsignificantcontributionthatthelogisticschannelmakestotheoverallchannelprocessisthesortingfunction,thisfunctioninvolvesrearrangingtheassortmentofproductsastheyflowthroughthechannelsthroughthecustomer,takinglargeblocksofsingleproductsandrearrangingthemintoquantities,assortments,andvarietiesthatconsumerprefer.第16页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一Thesortingfunctionhasfoursteps,andtheseareimportanttounderstandingtheconceptofgoodsflowingthroughthelogisticschannel.SortingoutissortingaheterogeneoussupplyofproductsintostocksthatarehomogeneousAccumulatingisbringingtogethersimilarstocksfromdifferentsourcesAllocatingisbreakingahomogeneoussupplyintosmallerlotsAssertingisbuildingupassortmentsofgoodsforresale,usuallytoretailcustomers第17页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一OtherchannelsNegotiationchannelspromotionchannelfinancingchannel第18页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一PartsixactivitiesinthelogisticalchannelCustomerserviceDemandforecastingInventorymanagementMaterialshandlingOrdermanagementPartsandservicesupportProductionschedulingProcurementReturnedproducts第19页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一SalvageandscrapdisposeTransportationmanagementWarehousingmanagement第20页，共23页，2023年，2月20日，星期一Partsevenlogisticscareer由于与物流重要性的日益提高，它已经取得了真正的职业地位，物流领域中的许多专业组织正致于提高成员的专