《李尔王》第一场剧本-英文注释版

莎士比亚《李尔王》主要人物李尔王（Lear）：不列颠国王。高纳里尔（Goneril）:李尔的长女，奥本尼公爵的妻子。里根（Regan）：李尔的次女，康华尔公爵的妻子。考狄利娅（Cordelia）：李尔的三女，也是李尔最疼爱的女儿，嫁给了法兰西国王。肯特伯爵（TheEarlofKent）：李尔的忠臣，他反对李尔对考狄利娅的态度后被李尔驱逐，但 他扮装为仆人继续为李尔服务，只是不让李尔知道他是谁。法兰西国王（KingofFrance）：前来向考狄利娅求婚,后来成了考狄利娅的丈夫勃艮第公爵（Burgundy）:前来向考狄利娅求婚奥本尼公爵（TheDukeofAlbany）：高纳里尔的丈夫。康华尔公爵（TheDukeofCornwall）：里根的丈夫。葛罗斯特伯爵（TheEarlofGloucester）：爱德伽和爱德蒙的父亲，爱德蒙欺骗他反对爱德伽， 后来爱德伽扮装逃亡。爱德蒙（Edmund）：葛罗斯特伯爵的私生子，他为高纳里尔和里根服务来使得自己不断上升，三人之间关系暧昧。爱德伽（Edgar）：葛罗斯特伯爵的儿子，他改装后化名为“汤姆·白德兰(TomBedlam)”，继续服侍他的瞎眼的父亲，最后他成为国王。奥斯华德（Oswald）：高纳里尔的侍者，被称为是一个“有效的坏蛋”。他试图刺杀葛罗斯伯爵，但被爱德伽所杀。弄人（TheFool）：一个忠于李尔和考狄利娅的宫廷小丑。剧情介绍开始时葛罗斯特伯爵向肯特伯爵推荐他的私生子爱德蒙。此后李尔王上台决定退位和将他的王国分给他的三个女儿：高纳里尔、里根和考狄利娅。高纳里尔和里根已婚，而考狄利娅还未婚，她是李尔最喜欢的女儿，也是最被追求的新娘。李尔因为年迈的关系，决定把国土分为三份，交给自己的女儿们，而他自己就到处去跟三位女儿一起住。于是李尔王把女儿们都叫来，叫她们各自说说她们有多爱他。高纳里尔和里根为了得到更多的土地而说得天花乱坠，但是考狄利娅却觉得因为想要获得王国而与她的姐姐们向父亲争着讨好太卑鄙了。李尔因此大怒，将考狄利娅的那份分给了他的两个长女，并将考狄利娅驱逐。虽然如此，法国国王还是娶了考狄利娅，因为他看到了考狄利娅的真正的美德。李尔退位后立刻就发现自己被高纳里尔和里根欺骗，她们都不让李尔和她们住在一起，抱怨父王李尔的随从太多了。支持考狄利娅的肯特伯爵被李尔驱逐后这时回到李尔身边，化名来保护李尔。与此同时高纳里尔和里根两人为了争爱德蒙互相吃醋，同时还得抵御考狄利娅带领的法国军队，考狄利娅重返不列颠想为父亲重夺政权，但战事不利，考狄利娅被杀死，李尔王守着心爱的小女儿的尸体悲痛地死去。最后高纳里尔毒死了里根，而在爱德蒙死后，她也自杀了。剧中的另一个故事是葛罗斯特伯爵的两个儿子的故事：好的爱德伽和坏的爱德蒙。爱德蒙编造假的故事来蒙害爱德迦。爱德迦因此被逐。爱德蒙与高纳里尔和里根两人调情，葛罗斯特伯爵被里根的丈夫康华尔刺瞎，但被爱德迦救了。李尔来到多佛尔，他衣衫褴褛，与老鼠说话。葛罗斯特伯爵想跳崖，但被爱德迦说服，后来与李尔相遇。《李尔王》真实地反映了资本主义世界资本原始积累时期动荡不安的英国社会的面貌，也是作者对专制王权的批判和对人性的歌颂。受狡诈冷酷的女儿和阴险残暴的女婿的虐待，李尔由专横暴虐、刚愎自用的统治者，一下子变成了“流浪的叫花子般的国王”，这个过程具体地反映了文艺复兴晚期封建阶级走向衰亡的历史。葛罗斯特受到作为冒险家、阴谋家的儿子陷害后所说的“城市里有暴动，国家发生内乱，宫廷之内潜藏着逆谋；父不父，子不子，纲常伦纪完全破灭”这番话，正点出了封建主义解体、资本主义兴起的过渡时期封建伦理道德趋于崩溃，人与人之间赤裸裸的金钱关系替代旧的纲纪伦常的历史真实。剧本还通过李尔王的小女儿考狄利娅等正面形象，宣扬了人和人应该和谐真诚、应该尊重人格、应该平等相待的人文主义思想。但李尔的疯狂致死、考狄利娅的被害和葛罗斯特的流浪等结局，又为作品抹上了浓重的忧郁色调。Act1Scene1KingLear'spalaceLEARMeantimeweshallexpressourdarkerpurpose.Givemethemapthere.KnowthatwehavedividedInthreeourkingdom;and'tisourfastintent(目的)Toshakeallcaresandbusinessfromourage,Conferring(授予)themonyoungerstrengthswhileweUnburdened(不受累的)crawl(爬行)towarddeath.OursonofCornwall,Andyou,ournolesslovingsonofAlbany,WehavethishouraconstantwilltopublishOurdaughters'severaldowers(嫁妆),thatfuturestrife(冲突)Maybepreventednow.Theprinces,FranceandBurgundy,Greatrivalsinouryoungestdaughter'slove,Longinourcourthavemadetheiramoroussojourn,Andherearetobeanswered.Tellme,mydaughters,Sincenowwewilldivest(丢弃)usbothofrule,Interestofterritory,caresofstate,—Whichofyoushallwesaydothloveusmost?Thatweourlargestbounty(奖赏)mayextendWherenaturedothwithmeritchallenge.Goneril,Oureldest-born,speakfirst.GONERILSir,Iloveyoumorethanwordscanwieldthematter;Dearerthaneye-sight,space,andliberty;Beyondwhatcanbevalued,richorrare;Nolessthanlifewithgrace,health,beauty,honour;Asmuchaschilde'erloved,orfatherfound:Alovethatmakesbreathpoor,andspeechunable;BeyondallmannerofsomuchIloveyou.CORDELIA[Aside]WhatshallCordeliaspeak?Love,andbesilent.LEAROfallthesebounds,evenfromthislinetothis,Withshadowyforestsandwithchampaigns(原野)riched,Withplenteous(富庶的)riversandwide-skirtedmeads(草地),Wemakethee(你)lady.Tothine(你的)andAlbany'sissuesBethisperpetual(永久的).Whatsaysourseconddaughter,OurdearestRegan,wifetoCornwall?Speak.REGANSir,IammadeOftheself-samemetalthatmysisteris,Andprizemeatherworth.InmytrueheartIfindshenamesmyverydeed(不只是口头上的)oflove;Onlyshecomestooshort:thatIprofess(公开表明)Myselfanenemytoallotherjoys,Whichthemostprecioussquareofsensepossesses;AndfindIamalonefelicitate(庆幸)Inyourdearhighness'love.CORDELIA[Aside]ThenpoorCordelia!Andyetnotso;since,Iamsure,mylove'sMorericherthanmytongue.LEARTothee(你)andthine(你的)hereditary(世袭的)everRemainthisample(丰富)thirdofourfairkingdom;Nolessinspace,validity(合法),andpleasure,Thanthatconferedon(授予)Goneril.Now,ourjoy,Althoughthelast,notleast;towhoseyoungloveThevinesofFranceandmilkofBurgundyStrivetobeinteressed;whatcanyousaytodrawAthirdmoreopulent(富足的)thanyoursisters?Speak.CORDELIANothing,mylord(君主).LEARNothing!CORDELIANothing.LEARNothingwillcomeofnothing:speakagain.CORDELIAUnhappythatIam,IcannotheaveMyheartintomymouth:Iloveyourmajesty(庄严)Accordingtomybond(契约，名分);normorenorless.LEARHow,how,Cordelia!mendyourspeechalittle,Lestitmaymar(毁坏)yourfortunes.CORDELIAGoodmylord,Youhavebegotme,bredme,lovedme:IReturnthosedutiesbackasarerightfit,Obeyyou,loveyou,andmosthonouryou.Whyhavemysistershusbands,iftheysayTheyloveyouall?Haply,whenIshallwed(嫁人),Thatlordwhosehandmusttakemyplight(困境)shallcarryHalfmylovewithhim,halfmycareandduty:Sure,Ishallnevermarrylikemysisters,Tolovemyfatherall.LEARButgoesthyheartwiththis?CORDELIAAy,goodmylord.LEARSoyoung,andsountender(无情)?CORDELIASoyoung,mylord,andtrue.LEARLetitbeso;thytruth,then,bethy(你的)dower(嫁妆):For,bythesacredradiance(光辉)ofthesun,ThemysteriesofHecate,andthenight;Byalltheoperationoftheorbs(天体)Fromwhomwedoexist,andceasetobe(不再是);HereIdisclaimallmypaternal(父亲的)care,Propinquityandpropertyofblood,AndasastrangertomyheartandmeHoldthee,fromthis,forever.ThebarbarousScythian,OrhethatmakeshisgenerationmessesTogorgehisappetite,shalltomybosomBeaswellneighbour'd,pitied,andrelieved,Asthoumysometimedaughter.KENTGoodmyliege—(君主)LEARPeace,Kent!Comenotbetweenthedragonandhiswrath(愤怒).Ilovedhermost,andthoughttosetmyrestOnherkindnursery.Hence,andavoidmysight!Sobemygravemypeace,ashereIgiveHerfather'sheartfromher!CallFrance;whostirs?

CallBurgundy.CornwallandAlbany,Withmytwodaughters'dowersdigestthisthird:Letpride,whichshecallsplainness(坦白),marryher.Idoinvestyoujointlywithmypower,Preeminence(杰出),andallthelargeeffectsThattroopwithmajesty.Ourself,bymonthlycourse,Withreservation(保留)ofanhundredknights(骑士),Byyoutobesustained,shallourabodeMakewithyoubydueturns.OnlywestillretainThename,andalltheadditionstoaking;Thesway,revenue,executionoftherest,Belovedsons,beyours:whichtoconfirm,Thiscoronetpartbetwixtyou.[Givingthecrown]KENTRoyalLear,WhomIhaveeverhonouredasmyking,Lovedasmyfather,asmymasterfollowed,Asmygreatpatronthoughtoninmyprayers--LEARThebowisbentanddrawn,makefromtheshaft(箭杆).KENTLetitfallrather,thoughtheforkinvadeTheregionofmyheart!beKentunmannerlyWhenLearismad.Whatwiltthoudo,oldman?Think'stthouthatdutyshallhavedread(害怕)tospeak,Whenpowertoflattery(奉承)bows?Toplainnesshonour'sbound,Whenmajestystoopstofolly(愚蠢的行为).Reversethystate;And,inthybestconsideration,checkThishideousrashness(鲁莽):answermylifemyjudgment,Thyyoungestdaughterdoesnotlovetheeleast;Norarethoseempty-heartedwhoselowsoundReverbsnohollowness.LEARKent,onthy(你的)life,nomore.KENTMylifeIneverheldbutasapawnTowageagainstthyenemies;norfeartoloseit,Thysafetybeingthemotive.LEAROutofmysight!KENTSeebetter,Lear;andletmestillremainThetrueblankofthineeye.LEARNow,byApollo--KENTNow,byApollo,king,Thouswear'stthygodsinvain.LEARO,vassal(奴才)!miscreant!(恶棍)[Layinghishandonhissword]ALBANY

CORNWALL

Dearsir,forbear.(息怒)

KENTDo.Killthyphysician,andthefeebestow(赠给)Uponthyfouldisease.Revokethygift;

Or,whilstIcanventclamour(抗议)frommythroat,I'lltelltheethoudostevil.LEARHearme,recreant(懦夫)!Onthineallegiance(忠诚),hearme!Sincethouhastsoughttomakeusbreakourvow,Whichwedurstneveryet,andwithstrainedprideTocomebetweenoursentenceandourpower,Whichnorournaturenorourplacecanbear,Ourpotencymadegood,takethyreward.Fivedayswedoallotthee,forprovisionToshieldtheefromdiseasesoftheworld;AndonthesixthtoturnthyhatedbackUponourkingdom:if,onthetenthdayfollowing,Thybanish'dtrunkbefoundinourdominions,Themomentisthydeath.Away!byJupiter,Thisshallnotberevoked.KENTFaretheewell,king:siththusthouwiltappear,Freedomliveshenceandbanishment(放逐)ishere.[ToCORDELIA]Thegodstotheirdearsheltertakethee,maid,Thatjustlythink'st,andhastmostrightlysaid![ToREGANandGONERIL]Andyourlargespeechesmayyourdeedsapprove,Thatgoodeffectsmayspringfromwordsoflove.ThusKent,Oprinces,bidsyoualladieu;He'llshapehisoldcourseinacountrynew.[Exit][Flourish.Re-enterGLOUCESTER,withKINGOFFRANCE,BURGUNDY,andAttendants]GLOUCESTERHere'sFranceandBurgundy,mynoblelord.LEARMylordofBurgundy.Wefirstaddresstowardsyou,whowiththiskingHathrivall'dforourdaughter:what,intheleast,Willyourequireinpresentdowerwithher,Orcease(终止)yourquestoflove?BURGUNDYMostroyalmajesty,Icrave(渴望)nomorethanwhatyourhighnessoffered,Norwillyoutenderless.LEARRightnobleBurgundy,Whenshewasdeartous,wedidholdherso;Butnowherpriceisfall'n.Sir,thereshestands:Ifaughtwithinthatlittleseemingsubstance,Orallofit,withourdispleasurepieced,Andnothingmore,mayfitlylikeyourgrace,She'sthere,andsheisyours.BURGUNDYIknownoanswer.LEARWillyou,withthoseinfirmities(体弱)sheowes,Unfriended,new-adoptedtoourhate,

Doweredwithourcurse,andstrangeredwithouroath(誓言),Takeher,orleaveher?BURGUNDYPardonme,royalsir;Electionmakesnotuponsuchconditions.LEARThenleaveher,sir;for,bythepowerthatmademe,Itellyouallherwealth.[ToKINGOFFRANCE]Foryou,greatking,Iwouldnotfromyourlovemakesuchastray,TomatchyouwhereIhate;thereforebeseech(恳求)youToavert(转移)yourlikingamoreworthierwayThanonawretchwhomnatureisashamedAlmosttoacknowledgehers.KINGOFFRANCEThisismoststrange,Thatshe,thatevenbutnowwasyourbestobject,Theargumentofyourpraise,balm(安慰)ofyourage,Mostbest,mostdearest,shouldinthistriceoftime(转眼之间)Commitathingsomonstrous(极其可恶的),todismantleSomanyfoldsoffavour.Sure,heroffenceMustbeofsuchunnaturaldegree,Thatmonstersit,oryourfore-vouch'daffectionFall'nintotaint:whichtobelieveofher,MustbeafaiththatreasonwithoutmiracleCouldneverplantinme.CORDELIAIyetbeseechyourmajesty,--IfforIwantthatglibandoilyart,Tospeakandpurposenot;sincewhatIwellintend,I'lldo'tbeforeIspeak,--thatyoumakeknownItisnoviciousblot(丑恶的污点),murder,orfoulness,Nounchaste(不贞洁的)action,ordishonouredstep,Thathathdeprivedmeofyourgraceandfavour;ButevenforwantofthatforwhichIamricher,Astill-solicitingeye,andsuchatongueAsIamgladIhavenot,thoughnottohaveitHathlostmeinyourliking.LEARBetterthouHadstnotbeenbornthannottohavepleasedmebetter.KINGOFFRANCEIsitbutthis,--atardinessinnatureWhichoftenleavesthehistoryunspokeThatitintendstodo?MylordofBurgundy,Whatsayyoutothelady?Love'snotloveWhenitismingled(夹杂)withregardsthatstandAlooffromtheentirepoint.Willyouhaveher?Sheisherselfadowry(嫁妆).BURGUNDYRoyalLear,Givebutthatportion(一份)whichyourselfproposed,AndhereItakeCordeliabythehand,DuchessofBurgundy.LEARNothing:Ihavesworn;Iamfirm.BURGUNDYIamsorry,then,youhavesolostafatherThatyoumustloseahusband.CORDELIAPeacebewithBurgundy!

Sincethatrespectsoffortunearehislove,Ishallnotbehiswife.KINGOFFRANCEFairestCordelia,thatartmostrich,beingpoor;Mostchoice,forsaken(被弃);andmostloved,despised(被轻视)!TheeandthyvirtueshereIseizeupon:BeitlawfulItakeupwhat'scastaway.Gods,gods!'tisstrangethatfromtheircold'stneglect(忽略)Myloveshouldkindle(激起)toinflamedrespect.Thydowerlessdaughter,king,throwntomychance,Isqueenofus,ofours,andourfairFrance:NotallthedukesofwaterishBurgundyCanbuythisunprizedpreciousmaidofme.Bidthemfarewell(告别),Cordelia,thoughunkind:Thoulosesthere,abetterwheretofind.LEARThouhasther,France:letherbethine;forweHavenosuchdaughter,norshalleverseeThatfaceofhersagain.ThereforebegoneWithoutourgrace,ourlove,ourbenison(祝福).Come,nobleBurgundy.[Flourish.ExeuntallbutKINGOFFRANCE,GONERIL,REGAN,andCORDELIA]KINGOFFRANCEBidfarewelltoyoursisters.CORDELIAThejewelsofourfather,withwash'deyesCordelialeavesyou:Iknowyouwhatyouare;Andlikeasisterammostloath(不愿意的)tocallYourfaultsastheyarenamed.Usewellourfather:ToyourprofessedbosomsIcommithimButyet,alas,stoodIwithinhisgrace,Iwouldpreferhimtoabetterplace.So,farewelltoyouboth.REGANPrescribenotusourduties.GONERILLetyourstudyBetocontentyour