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Inthiscourse,wearealllearnersandteachers.Yourexperiencesandcapacitiesarevaluableresourcesforme.Respectforyourselfandothersisanessentialingredientincreatingapositivelearningenvironment.Ilookforwardtoworkingwithyoutocreatethiskindoflearningenvironment.Welcometotheclassofinterculturalcommunicationcourse!!Welcome
INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION"Peoplefailtogetalongbecausetheyfeareachother;
Theyfeareachotherbecausetheydon'tknoweachother;
Theydon'tknoweachotherbecause
theyhavenotcommunicatedwitheachother."
Dr.MartinLutherKing,Jr.I.ImportanceofstudyingICC
Tobehaveas“goodcitizens”intheglobalvillageitisimportantforustocultivatesufficientinterculturalawareness;toachievecommunicativecompetence;tostudyICC.II.CourseObjectives/purposes
Thespecificcourseobjectivesareasfollows:
ToacquireknowledgerelatedtoICC(terminologiesanddefinitions);Todevelopskillsthatwillincreaseyourinterculturalcommunication
competence;3.Tounderstandhowcommunicationprocessesdifferamongcultures;4.Tocultivatetheabilitytostudyandexploretheissuesconcerninginterculturalcommunication.III.Plan.1.RequiredTextbook:CommunicationBetweenCultures(ThirdEdition)ByLarryA.Samovar
RichardE.Porter
LisaA.Stefani
20232.Timeschedule:36periodsinoneterm.1).IntroductiontoInterculturalCommunication;4periods2).PartICommunicationandCulture;8periods3).PartIITheInfluenceofCulture;8periods4).PartIIIFromTheoryofPractice;8periods5).PartIVKnowledgeintoAction;8periods3.Evaluationwillbebasedon:
1)Attendanceandparticipation.
2)Projectpresentationandhandout(therequiredessay).
3)Finalexamination.IV.Courseexpectations/tasks1.Previewthetext:Lookingupthenewwordsandexpressionsbeforeclass;Preparewhattheteacherhasaskedyoutodo.2.Takeanactivepartinclassdiscussionsandperformances.3.Chooseandreadtworecommendedtextbooksoninterculturalcommunication-oneinChineseandoneinEnglish.
BooksRecommended:[1]RonScollonSuzanneWongScollon:InterculturalCommunication:ADiscourseApproach,外语教学与研究出版社,2023*[2]贾玉新:《跨文化交际学》,上海外语教育出版社,1997[3]林大津:《跨文化交际研究》,福建人民出版社,1996[4]胡文仲:《文化与交际》,外语教学与研究出版社,1997V.Introductiontothetextbook
SynopsisThistextbookgivesyouanunderstandingandappreciationofdifferentculturesandprovidesyouwiththepracticalskillsforimprovingyourcommunicationwithpeoplefromothercultures.Itprovidesexcellentmotivationforyouthroughnumerouscompellingexamplesthatforcethemtoexamineyourownassumptionsandculturalbiases.StructureThebookisdividedintofourinterrelatedparts,including10chapters:(LookatP.F28)PartIintroducesthestudyofcommunicationandculture(Chapter1-2);PartIIexaminesculturalpatternsofbehaviorandthenlooksatthedeepstructuresasthebasicrootsofculturalbehavior(Chapter3-4)PartIIIputsthetheoryofinterculturalcommunicationintopractice;(Chapter5-9);PartIVisconcernedwiththeimprovementofinterculturalcommunicationskills(Chapter10).Structure
Thebookisdividedintofourinterrelatedparts,including10chapters:(LookatP.F28)PartIintroducesthestudyofcommunicationandculture(Chapter1-2);PartIIexaminesculturalpatternsofbehaviorandthenlooksatthedeepstructuresasthebasicrootsofculturalbehavior(Chapter3-4)PartIIIputsthetheoryofinterculturalcommunicationintopractice;(Chapter5-9);PartIVisconcernedwiththeimprovementofinterculturalcommunicationskills(Chapter10).VI.AbriefintroductiontothehistoryofthestudyofICCTheDevelopmentoftheDiscipline1.In1946
:
TheUSgovernmentpassedtheForeignServiceActandestablishedthe
ForeignServiceInstitute.TheinstitutehiredEdwardT.Hall…2.In1959:Thepublicationofthe
SilentLanguagebytheAmericanculturalanthropologist,EdwardT.HallmarkedtheemergenceofICC.3.In1966:ICCwasregardedascurriculumintheUS.2.In1959:Thepublicationofthe
SilentLanguagebytheAmericanculturalanthropologist,EdwardT.HallmarkedtheemergenceofICC.3.In1966:ICCwasregardedascurriculumintheUS.4.In1970:
ICCwasrecognizedasanindependentareaofstudybytheInternationalCommunicationAssociation(国际传播学会)5.In1972:
ThefirstinternationalconferenceoninterculturalcommunicationwasheldinJapan.6.In1983:Gudykunst,AmericanwellknownscholarinICC,editedthefirsttextoninterculturalcommunicationtheory,InterculturalCommunicationTheories.7.
Inthe1990s
Theoryconstructionandtestingcontinues.VII.ThenatureofthestudyofICC:
Interdisciplinary:1.Linguists:EdwardSapirandBenjaminWhorfandtheirhypothesis:theEdwardSapir-Whorfhypothesis(萨丕尔沃尔夫假设)
2.Anthropologists
EdwardHallandhisworks:The
SilentLanguage
3.
Psychologists:GordonAllportandhisclassicstudy,TheNatureofprejudice
VIII.ApproachestothestudyofICCThreeApproaches:1.thesocialscienceapproach(sometimescalledfunctionalistapproach)2.theinterpretiveapproach3.thecriticalapproachIX.RESEARCHAREASOFICC.1.INUSA,ICCRESEARCHCOVERS:1).Culturaldifferencesandimpactsonmanyareas;2).Similaritiesanddifferencesbetweendifferentnationsandcultures;3).Interculturalcontactandoccasions;4).Languageandculture,bilingualeducationandtranslation;5).Particularculturalpatternanditsimpactoncross_culture;6).Non_verbalcommunication;7).Culturalshockandacculturation(文化休克与文化适应);8).Nation,raceandsubculture(亚文化);9).prejudiceagainstdifferentnations,racesandsomeofothercountries.2.FeaturesofICCresearchinAmerica
3features:1)Theyareinternationally,domesticallyoriented.2)ICCresearchersaremainlylinguists,psychologists,sociologistsandanthropologists.3)ManyAmericanuniversitieshaveofferedICCcourse3.ICCforpostgraduatesinAmerica
5aspects:1.toteachpostgraduatesterminologiesanddefinitionsrelatedtoICC;2.torequirethemtoexamineproblemsaboutaculture;3.toenablepostgraduatestomeetpeoplefromvariousculturalbackgrounds;4.toacquaintpostgraduatesapproachestoovercomeculturaldifferences;5.torequirethemtoinvestigateintoculturesthatinterestthem.4.ICCstudyinChina
InChinaICCstudybeganasaseriousdisciplineforstudyintheearly1980s,lotsofscholarshavestudiedthisarea.Manybooksandpaperswerewritten(nearly300papersand20-oddbooksbetween1981-2001李炯英解放军外国语学院学报2023年第6期).胡文仲:AspectsofInterculturalCommunication,,外语教学与研究出版社,1999胡文仲:《文化与交际》,外语教学与研究出版社,1997胡文仲:《跨文化交际学概论》,外语教学与研究出版社,1999。贾玉新:《跨文化交际学》,上海外语教育出版社,1997林大津:《跨文化交际研究》,福建人民出版社,1996年10月。关世杰:《跨文化交流学》,北京大学出版社,1996邓炎昌、刘润清:"LanguageandCulture"1989.Part1CommunicationandCultureChapter1InterculturalCommunicationInteractioninaChangingWorldI.ImportanceofInterculturalCommunication
Differencesoftoday’sICCandICCofthepast:thepastencounters:
confusingandhostileCauses:1)Lackculturalknowledge;2)Blamethealienforthedifferences.thepresentencounters:
moreabundantandmoresignificant.Reasons:1)modernmeansoftransportationsystems2)modernmeansofcommunicationsystems3)globalizationofworldeconomy4)massmigration2.Threefoldrationaleforlookingatthesechanges:1).Asthefamiliargiveswaytoanewanddifferentworld,theentirehumanraceisaaffected.2).Manyoftheeventsthathavebroughtdiversegroupstogetherhavebeentoosubtletodetectandhavetakenplaceoveralongperiod.Hence,webelievethatmanyofthemmayhavebeenoverlooked.3)Bydemonstratingboththequantityandqualityofthesechanges,wemightbebetterabletoarouseyourinterestininterculturalcommunication.II.TheQuantityofIntercultural
Communication
InternationalContacts
Threeinternationaldevelopmentsthatmadeinternationalcontactmoreaxiomaticandpervasive:Newtechnologyandinformationsystems;changesintheworldpopulation;ashiftintheword’sarena;
2.DomesticContact1)changesinthemeaningofthewordAmerican.2)Definitionofco_culture(subcultureandsubgroup)
Co_cultureisaculturethatexistsinadominantcultureinwhichthemembers,likethemembersofthedominantculture,shareperceptions,values,modesofcommunication,andlifestylesthatmadethemunique,differentfromthemembersofthedominantculture.ApproachingInterculturalCommunicationTheContentofInterculturalCommunicationAPhilosophyofInterculturalCommunicationStudyingInterculturalCommunicationIndividualismObjectivityPartTwoCommunicationandCulture:TheVoiceandtheEchoI.AboutthewordCommunication1)Origin:TheEnglishword“Communication”originatesfromLatinword“commonis”,whichmeanscommon.Theconceptofcommunicationiscloselyconnectedwiththemeaningofcommonness(共同/共享)2)Meanings:Someanthropologistsandtheauthorsofthisbookcommunicationandculturearecloselylinked,thetwotermsarevirtuallysynonymous.Cultureisthefoundationofcommunication3)TranslationinChinese:
“交际”(Fromthelinguisticperspective,meaningintercourse)
“沟通”
(Fromthepsychologicalperspective,meaninglinkup)
“传播”(Inmassmediem,Itmeansmethodsofsendingimformationbytelephone…)
“交通”“传通”……II.Thedefinitionsofcommunication 1.TheCollinsCobuildEnglishLanguageDictionary:Communicationisdefinedastheactivityorprocessofgivinginformationtootherpeopleortootherlivingthingsusingsignalssuchasspeech,bodymovements,orradiosignals.Tosumitup,itisanythingthataddsmeaningtoamessage.Communicationisanever-changingprocessandthepresentcommunicationshaveagreatimpactonthecommunicationinthefuture.2.OxfordCompaniontotheEnglishLanguage(McArthur,1993):Communicationrefertothetransmissionofinformation(amassage)betweensource(sender)andreciever,byusingsignalingsystem.3.Anyactbywhichonepersongivestoorreceivesfromanotherpersoninformationaboutthatperson'sneeds,desires,perceptions,knowledge,oraffectivestates.Communicationmaybeintentionalorunintentional,mayinvolveconventionalorunconventionalsignals,maytakelinguisticornonlinguisticforms,andmayoccurthroughspokenorothermodes.(Fromthewebsite)
4.Thisbook(P.24)Ingredientsofcommunication
(构成交际旳要素)1.message/behavioralsource(信息源/行为源)2.encoding(编码)3.message(信息)4.channel(渠道)5.receiver/recepient/responder(信息接受者/反应者)6.decoding(译码)7.response(反应)8.feedback(反馈)(P13-15贾玉新)UnderstandingCultureI.AboutthewordCulture1)Origin:TheEnglishwordCultureoriginatesfromtheLatin
colo,-ere,withitsrootmeaning"tocultivate",generallyreferstopatternsofhumanactivityandthesymbolicstructuresthatgivesuchactivitysignificance.Definitionsof"culture"
Cultureisatermusedinconfusingandcontradictoryways.Thereisnostandarddefinitionofculture.In1952AlfredKroeberandClydeKluckhohncompiledalistofmorethan164definitionsof"culture"inCulture:ACriticalReviewofConceptsandDefinitions.
Differentdefinitionsof“culture”reflectdifferenttheoreticalbasesforunderstanding,orcriteriaforevaluating,humanactivity.Anthropologistsmostcommonlyusetheterm“culture”torefertotheuniversalhumancapacitytoclassify,codify(把…编成法典)andcommunicatetheirexperiencessymbolically.ThiscapacityislongbeentakenasadefiningfeatureofthegenusHomo.
TheModernChineseDictionary:1)Thetotalsumofmaterialandspiritualwealthcreatedbythemankindintheprocessofthesocialandhistoricaldevelopment,esp,literature,art,science,education,etc.(Fromthiswecanseecultureincludeseverything,materialandspiritural,createdbyhumanbeings)2)Theabilitytousethewrittenlanguageandpossessionofbookknowledge.1、SirEdwardB.TylorwritingfromtheperspectiveofsocialanthropologyintheUKin1871describedcultureinthefollowingway:
“Cultureorcivilization,takeninitswideethnographic(人种志研究旳)sense,isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyotherc
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