跨文化交际英文

Inthiscourse,wearealllearnersandteachers.Yourexperiencesandcapacitiesarevaluableresourcesforme.Respectforyourselfandothersisanessentialingredientincreatingapositivelearningenvironment.Ilookforwardtoworkingwithyoutocreatethiskindoflearningenvironment.Welcometotheclassofinterculturalcommunicationcourse!!Welcome

INTERCULTURAL

COMMUNICATION"Peoplefailtogetalongbecausetheyfeareachother;

Theyfeareachotherbecausetheydon'tknoweachother;

Theydon'tknoweachotherbecause

theyhavenotcommunicatedwitheachother."

Dr.MartinLutherKing,Jr.I.ImportanceofstudyingICC

Tobehaveas“goodcitizens”intheglobalvillageitisimportantforustocultivatesufficientinterculturalawareness;toachievecommunicativecompetence;tostudyICC.II.CourseObjectives/purposes

Thespecificcourseobjectivesareasfollows:

ToacquireknowledgerelatedtoICC(terminologiesanddefinitions)；Todevelopskillsthatwillincreaseyourinterculturalcommunication

competence；3.Tounderstandhowcommunicationprocessesdifferamongcultures；4.Tocultivatetheabilitytostudyandexploretheissuesconcerninginterculturalcommunication.III.Plan.1.RequiredTextbook:CommunicationBetweenCultures(ThirdEdition)ByLarryA.Samovar

RichardE.Porter

LisaA.Stefani

20232.Timeschedule:36periodsinoneterm.1).IntroductiontoInterculturalCommunication;4periods2).PartICommunicationandCulture;8periods3).PartIITheInfluenceofCulture;8periods4).PartIIIFromTheoryofPractice;8periods5).PartIVKnowledgeintoAction;8periods3.Evaluationwillbebasedon:

1)Attendanceandparticipation.

2)Projectpresentationandhandout(therequiredessay).

3)Finalexamination.IV.Courseexpectations/tasks1.Previewthetext:Lookingupthenewwordsandexpressionsbeforeclass;Preparewhattheteacherhasaskedyoutodo.2.Takeanactivepartinclassdiscussionsandperformances.3.Chooseandreadtworecommendedtextbooksoninterculturalcommunication-oneinChineseandoneinEnglish.

BooksRecommended:[1]RonScollonSuzanneWongScollon:InterculturalCommunication:ADiscourseApproach,外语教学与研究出版社，2023*[2]贾玉新：《跨文化交际学》，上海外语教育出版社，1997[3]林大津：《跨文化交际研究》，福建人民出版社，1996[4]胡文仲：《文化与交际》，外语教学与研究出版社，1997V.Introductiontothetextbook

SynopsisThistextbookgivesyouanunderstandingandappreciationofdifferentculturesandprovidesyouwiththepracticalskillsforimprovingyourcommunicationwithpeoplefromothercultures.Itprovidesexcellentmotivationforyouthroughnumerouscompellingexamplesthatforcethemtoexamineyourownassumptionsandculturalbiases.StructureThebookisdividedintofourinterrelatedparts,including10chapters:(LookatP.F28)PartIintroducesthestudyofcommunicationandculture(Chapter1-2);PartIIexaminesculturalpatternsofbehaviorandthenlooksatthedeepstructuresasthebasicrootsofculturalbehavior(Chapter3-4)PartIIIputsthetheoryofinterculturalcommunicationintopractice;(Chapter5-9);PartIVisconcernedwiththeimprovementofinterculturalcommunicationskills(Chapter10).Structure

Thebookisdividedintofourinterrelatedparts,including10chapters:(LookatP.F28)PartIintroducesthestudyofcommunicationandculture(Chapter1-2);PartIIexaminesculturalpatternsofbehaviorandthenlooksatthedeepstructuresasthebasicrootsofculturalbehavior(Chapter3-4)PartIIIputsthetheoryofinterculturalcommunicationintopractice;(Chapter5-9);PartIVisconcernedwiththeimprovementofinterculturalcommunicationskills(Chapter10).VI.AbriefintroductiontothehistoryofthestudyofICCTheDevelopmentoftheDiscipline1.In1946

：

TheUSgovernmentpassedtheForeignServiceActandestablishedthe

ForeignServiceInstitute.TheinstitutehiredEdwardT.Hall…2.In1959:Thepublicationofthe

SilentLanguagebytheAmericanculturalanthropologist,EdwardT.HallmarkedtheemergenceofICC.3.In1966:ICCwasregardedascurriculumintheUS.2.In1959:Thepublicationofthe

SilentLanguagebytheAmericanculturalanthropologist,EdwardT.HallmarkedtheemergenceofICC.3.In1966:ICCwasregardedascurriculumintheUS.4.In1970:

ICCwasrecognizedasanindependentareaofstudybytheInternationalCommunicationAssociation(国际传播学会)5.In1972:

ThefirstinternationalconferenceoninterculturalcommunicationwasheldinJapan.6.In1983:Gudykunst,AmericanwellknownscholarinICC,editedthefirsttextoninterculturalcommunicationtheory,InterculturalCommunicationTheories.7.

Inthe1990s

Theoryconstructionandtestingcontinues.VII.ThenatureofthestudyofICC:

Interdisciplinary:1.Linguists:EdwardSapirandBenjaminWhorfandtheirhypothesis:theEdwardSapir-Whorfhypothesis(萨丕尔沃尔夫假设)

2.Anthropologists

EdwardHallandhisworks:The

SilentLanguage

3.

Psychologists:GordonAllportandhisclassicstudy,TheNatureofprejudice

VIII.ApproachestothestudyofICCThreeApproaches:1.thesocialscienceapproach(sometimescalledfunctionalistapproach)2.theinterpretiveapproach3.thecriticalapproachIX.RESEARCHAREASOFICC.1.INUSA,ICCRESEARCHCOVERS:1).Culturaldifferencesandimpactsonmanyareas;2).Similaritiesanddifferencesbetweendifferentnationsandcultures;3).Interculturalcontactandoccasions;4).Languageandculture,bilingualeducationandtranslation;5).Particularculturalpatternanditsimpactoncross_culture;6).Non_verbalcommunication;7).Culturalshockandacculturation(文化休克与文化适应);8).Nation,raceandsubculture(亚文化);9).prejudiceagainstdifferentnations,racesandsomeofothercountries.2.FeaturesofICCresearchinAmerica

3features:1)Theyareinternationally,domesticallyoriented.2)ICCresearchersaremainlylinguists,psychologists,sociologistsandanthropologists.3)ManyAmericanuniversitieshaveofferedICCcourse3.ICCforpostgraduatesinAmerica

5aspects:1.toteachpostgraduatesterminologiesanddefinitionsrelatedtoICC;2.torequirethemtoexamineproblemsaboutaculture;3.toenablepostgraduatestomeetpeoplefromvariousculturalbackgrounds;4.toacquaintpostgraduatesapproachestoovercomeculturaldifferences;5.torequirethemtoinvestigateintoculturesthatinterestthem.4.ICCstudyinChina

InChinaICCstudybeganasaseriousdisciplineforstudyintheearly1980s,lotsofscholarshavestudiedthisarea.Manybooksandpaperswerewritten(nearly300papersand20-oddbooksbetween1981-2001李炯英解放军外国语学院学报2023年第6期).胡文仲:AspectsofInterculturalCommunication,，外语教学与研究出版社，1999胡文仲:《文化与交际》，外语教学与研究出版社，1997胡文仲:《跨文化交际学概论》，外语教学与研究出版社,1999。贾玉新：《跨文化交际学》，上海外语教育出版社，1997林大津：《跨文化交际研究》，福建人民出版社，1996年10月。关世杰：《跨文化交流学》，北京大学出版社，1996邓炎昌、刘润清："LanguageandCulture"1989.Part1CommunicationandCultureChapter1InterculturalCommunicationInteractioninaChangingWorldI.ImportanceofInterculturalCommunication

Differencesoftoday’sICCandICCofthepast:thepastencounters:

confusingandhostileCauses:1)Lackculturalknowledge;2)Blamethealienforthedifferences.thepresentencounters:

moreabundantandmoresignificant.Reasons:1）modernmeansoftransportationsystems2）modernmeansofcommunicationsystems3）globalizationofworldeconomy4)massmigration2.Threefoldrationaleforlookingatthesechanges:1).Asthefamiliargiveswaytoanewanddifferentworld,theentirehumanraceisaaffected.2).Manyoftheeventsthathavebroughtdiversegroupstogetherhavebeentoosubtletodetectandhavetakenplaceoveralongperiod.Hence,webelievethatmanyofthemmayhavebeenoverlooked.3)Bydemonstratingboththequantityandqualityofthesechanges,wemightbebetterabletoarouseyourinterestininterculturalcommunication.II.TheQuantityofIntercultural

Communication

InternationalContacts

Threeinternationaldevelopmentsthatmadeinternationalcontactmoreaxiomaticandpervasive:Newtechnologyandinformationsystems;changesintheworldpopulation;ashiftintheword’sarena;

2.DomesticContact1)changesinthemeaningofthewordAmerican.2)Definitionofco_culture(subcultureandsubgroup)

Co_cultureisaculturethatexistsinadominantcultureinwhichthemembers,likethemembersofthedominantculture,shareperceptions,values,modesofcommunication,andlifestylesthatmadethemunique,differentfromthemembersofthedominantculture.ApproachingInterculturalCommunicationTheContentofInterculturalCommunicationAPhilosophyofInterculturalCommunicationStudyingInterculturalCommunicationIndividualismObjectivityPartTwoCommunicationandCulture:TheVoiceandtheEchoI.AboutthewordCommunication1）Origin:TheEnglishword“Communication”originatesfromLatinword“commonis”,whichmeanscommon.Theconceptofcommunicationiscloselyconnectedwiththemeaningofcommonness(共同/共享)2)Meanings:Someanthropologistsandtheauthorsofthisbookcommunicationandculturearecloselylinked,thetwotermsarevirtuallysynonymous.Cultureisthefoundationofcommunication3)TranslationinChinese:

“交际”(Fromthelinguisticperspective,meaningintercourse)

“沟通”

(Fromthepsychologicalperspective,meaninglinkup)

“传播”(Inmassmediem,Itmeansmethodsofsendingimformationbytelephone…)

“交通”“传通”……II.Thedefinitionsofcommunication 1.TheCollinsCobuildEnglishLanguageDictionary:Communicationisdefinedastheactivityorprocessofgivinginformationtootherpeopleortootherlivingthingsusingsignalssuchasspeech,bodymovements,orradiosignals.Tosumitup,itisanythingthataddsmeaningtoamessage.Communicationisanever-changingprocessandthepresentcommunicationshaveagreatimpactonthecommunicationinthefuture.2.OxfordCompaniontotheEnglishLanguage(McArthur,1993):Communicationrefertothetransmissionofinformation(amassage)betweensource(sender)andreciever,byusingsignalingsystem.3.Anyactbywhichonepersongivestoorreceivesfromanotherpersoninformationaboutthatperson'sneeds,desires,perceptions,knowledge,oraffectivestates.Communicationmaybeintentionalorunintentional,mayinvolveconventionalorunconventionalsignals,maytakelinguisticornonlinguisticforms,andmayoccurthroughspokenorothermodes.(Fromthewebsite)

4.Thisbook(P.24)Ingredientsofcommunication

(构成交际旳要素)1.message/behavioralsource(信息源/行为源)2.encoding（编码）3.message（信息）4.channel（渠道）5.receiver/recepient/responder(信息接受者/反应者)6.decoding（译码）7.response（反应）8.feedback（反馈）（P13-15贾玉新）UnderstandingCultureI.AboutthewordCulture1）Origin:TheEnglishwordCultureoriginatesfromtheLatin

colo,-ere,withitsrootmeaning"tocultivate",generallyreferstopatternsofhumanactivityandthesymbolicstructuresthatgivesuchactivitysignificance.Definitionsof"culture"

Cultureisatermusedinconfusingandcontradictoryways.Thereisnostandarddefinitionofculture.In1952AlfredKroeberandClydeKluckhohncompiledalistofmorethan164definitionsof"culture"inCulture:ACriticalReviewofConceptsandDefinitions.

Differentdefinitionsof“culture”reflectdifferenttheoreticalbasesforunderstanding,orcriteriaforevaluating,humanactivity.Anthropologistsmostcommonlyusetheterm“culture”torefertotheuniversalhumancapacitytoclassify,codify（把…编成法典）andcommunicatetheirexperiencessymbolically.ThiscapacityislongbeentakenasadefiningfeatureofthegenusHomo.

TheModernChineseDictionary:1)Thetotalsumofmaterialandspiritualwealthcreatedbythemankindintheprocessofthesocialandhistoricaldevelopment,esp,literature,art,science,education,etc.(Fromthiswecanseecultureincludeseverything,materialandspiritural,createdbyhumanbeings)2)Theabilitytousethewrittenlanguageandpossessionofbookknowledge.1、SirEdwardB.TylorwritingfromtheperspectiveofsocialanthropologyintheUKin1871describedcultureinthefollowingway:

“Cultureorcivilization,takeninitswideethnographic（人种志研究旳）sense,isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyotherc