一轮复习英语重大版学案学通语法第十讲 名词性从句

第十讲名词性从句单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’mnotsurewhoismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.2．(2018·北京高考单选)Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbewherewearenow.3．(2018·江苏高考单选)Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived.4．(2017·江苏高考单选)Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofwhatitusedtocharge.5．(2017·天津高考单选)Sheaskedmewhether/if_Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.6．(2017·北京高考单选)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree­linedstreet,notknowingwhere_shewasheading.名词性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句1．引导主语从句的连接词：从属连词that,whether/if；连接代词what,who,whom,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等；连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever等。①Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialsimilaritybetweenthem.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。②Whatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。2．主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(apity/ashame/nowonder/nosurprise等)＋that从句(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)＋that从句(4)It＋不及物动词(seem,appear,happen等)＋that从句①Itisuncertainwhatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。②It’snosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。③ItisdecidedthatthemeetingwillbeputofftillnextMonday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。二、宾语从句1．引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词that,whether,if；连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等；连接副词when,where,why,how等；从句用陈述语序。①Wepromisewhoeverattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。②Itrulybelievethatbeautyesfromwithin.(2015·北京高考单选)我确信美来自内在。③WemustfindoutwhenKarlising,sowecanbookaroomforhim.(2015·重庆高考单选)我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。2．it作形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find,feel,think,consider,believe,guess,suppose,make等。Hehasmadeitclearthatthemeetingwillnotbepostponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。(2)动词hate,like,dislike,appreciate,enjoy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语seeto,dependon,relyon等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。三、表语从句1．引导表语从句的连接词：从属连词that,whether；连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等；连接副词when,where,why,how等；从句用陈述语序。①Thisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.(2018·北京高考单选)这就是父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，并且抱最大的希望。②I’dliketostartmyownbusiness—that’swhatI’ddoifIhadthemoney.我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。2．asif/asthough引导的表语从句asif/asthough引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem,look,taste,sound,feel,appear等动词之后。Thethicksmogcoveredthewholecity.Itwasasifagreatblackblankethadbeenthrownoverit.浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。3．because,why引导的表语从句because,why也可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause(该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(This/Thatis/waswhy...这/那是……的原因,This/Thatis/wasbecause...这/那是因为……,Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...,……的原因是……))①Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy­onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水覆盖。②Thereasonwhyhedidn’tpasstheexamwasthathewastoocareless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。四、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。1．常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有：advice建议conclusion结论 demand要求doubt怀疑 fact事实 hope希望idea主意information信息message消息news消息order命令possibility可能性promise诺言question问题request请求suggestion建议thought想法plan计划①Imadeapromisetomyselfthatthisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.我对自己承诺：今年，我高中的第一年，会有所不同。②—Isthereanypossibilitythatyoucouldpickmeupattheairport?—Noproblem.——你有可能到机场接我吗？——没问题。2．引导同位语从句的连接词有：that,whether,how,where,when,why等。①Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudythatchildren’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.通过多年的研究发现：有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续下去。②Sheaskedaquestionwhytherewasadelay.她问了发生延误的原因。③Ihavenoideawhenhewillebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回家。eq\a\vs4\al([名师指津])在同位语从句中，that,whether不作句子成分。that无实义，whether意为“是否”，if一般不引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。[典题精选][我来改正][常设误点]①(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.①where→that或去掉where(1)从属连词与连接副词之间的错用从属连词有that/whether/if等，连接副词有when,where等。从属连词不作成分，而连接副词作状语。②Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.②which→what(2)连接代词(what,which和who等)之间的错用引导名词性从句且在从句中作主语或宾语时应用what(什么)；which(哪一个)；who(谁)等，注意它们之间意义的差别。③(2019·银川一模)Foronething,thatyouarestudyingisbadlyneedednowadaysinourcountry.③that→what(3)that与what之间的错用what在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；而that本身没有意义，不作任何成分，只起连接作用。④(2019·西南师大附中模拟)Thereisnodoubtwhetheritisofgreathelptotheirstudyandfuturelife.④whether→that(4)从属连词that与whether/if之间的错用that不作成分，没有实际意义；whether/if也不作成分但有实际意义，有“是否”之意。⑤(2018·遵义航天高级模拟)Andyoushouldalsohaveabeliefyouaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.⑤在belief后加that(5)从属连词that的缺失that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般不能省略，引导宾语从句时可以省略。eq\a\vs4\al([常考题点对点练])Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Itisoftenthecasethatanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.2．Whenyouarereadingmakeanoteofwhatyouthinkisofgreatimportance.3．Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.4．Iamnotinterestedinwhethertheybelieveinmeornot.5．Hehaslungdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.6．Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwealreadyhave.7．Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswonderedwhattheboywoulddo.8．Theproblemishowwecanimproveourreadingskillsinsuchashorttime.9．(2019·合肥二检)WhatAmydidn’tknowwasthatherkindnesswouldsetoffachainreaction.10．WhenIlookeddownatmyfullcart(购物车)Iwonderedif/whetherIhadenoughmoneytopayforitall.11．(2019·石家庄一模)Finally,keepinmindthattherearemanythingsthatcan’tbelearntimmediately,andneverbefrustratedwhenyoufailinoneortwoexams.12．WhicheverofyouhasdifficultyunderstandingthesentencecanaskProfessorLiforhelp.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Successpartlydependsonifyouhavethepatiencetodosimplethingsperfectly.if→whether2．Mysuggestionisweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustlayingitaside.is后加that3．Wearethinkingaboutwhomcanbeadmittedintoourclub.Thenumberofmembersislimited.whom→who4．Hispromisewhichhewouldgiveawayhalfoftheyear’sinetothedisabledturnedoutalie.which→that5．(2019·合川区一诊)Astimewenton,IrealizedwhatridiculousIhadbeenatthattime.what→how6．NowIamwritingtotellyouthatmycityhasdonetoreducetrafficjamsinthelastfewyears.that→all/what7．(2019·合肥一检)Ifwetryourbesttogetahead,wewillbeabletoachievewhatwedesireit.去掉it8．(2018·合肥二检)Themostbreathtakingmomentisthattheathletesaregettingtothefinishingline.that→when9．Asforme,whichmattersiswhetherwecanwinthegamewithoutthehelpfromtheteachers.which→what10．(2018·沈阳监测)Therichmansaid,“I’mawealthyman.CanyoutellmethatwhyI’munhappy？”去掉thateq\a\vs4\al([高考题型综合练])Ⅰ.语法填空(2018·东北三省三校一模)The“selfie”isusedtodescribetheself­takenphoto,oftenfromasmartphone.Someonetakesabout10selfieseachtimehedoes,andheonlyendsup__1__(post)oneortwoofthose.Hepickstheonethathefeelsmakehimlookthe__2__(good).Inthatpicture,hegainsconfidence.Forthatmoment,everythingbadorterriblethathashappenedtohim__3__(remove),becausethatsmileiswhatgiveshimthe__4__(determine)tolovehimself.Iread__5__poemrecentlyandtheyoungmansaid,“IfIaskyou__6__youlove,theanswerswillmostlikelyrolloffyourtongue.Youlovetoread.Youlovetowrite.Youloveyourmom,yourdaughter,oryourbestfriend.Howlongdoyouthinkyoucangoonandonbeforeyousay‘Ilove__7__(I)’？”Thatstatementhitmelikeatonofbricks.I’vestruggledwithconfidenceallmylife.Istilldo.Andin__8__wayamIsayingthattakingaselfieisagateway__9__confidence.__10__，theselfiedoesdeservesomecreditforallowingindividualstoexpressthemselves.语篇解读：很多人会把自己满意的自拍照发到网上去，他们认为这样可以使自己增强爱自己的决心。1．postingendupdoingsth.为固定用法，意为“以……而结束，最终做了某事”。2．best由语境可知此处表示从众多自拍照中选一张自己认为最好的，由此判断此处应用good的最高级。3．isremoved由语境可知应用一般现在时，又因remove与everything为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。4．determinationgivesb.sth.“给某人某物”。又根据设空处前的the也可判断设空处应用名词。determination为不可数名词，后面常用不定式作定语。5．a设空处的poem为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，故与不定冠词连用。6．what所填词在宾语从句中作宾语，