托福阅读理解真题精选篇

千里之行，始于第2页/共2页精品文档推荐托福阅读理解真题精选篇为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福阅读真题，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读真题1

Thesmoothoperationofanantcolonydependsontentotwentydifferentsignals,mostofwhicharepheromones(chemicalsignalstriggeringbehavioralresponses).Itisestimatedthatredfireantsemployatleasttwelvedifferentchemicalsignals.Thesimplestoftheseisthecarbondioxidefromtherespirationofanantcluster,achemicalthatactsasapheromonetopromoteaggregation.Workersmovetowardasourceofcarbondioxide,resultinginsolitaryantsmovingtojoinagroup.Attheotherextreme,themostcomplexofthefireantssignalsisprobablycolonyodor,bywhichtheworkersofaparticularcolonyornestidentifyanotherworkeraslocalorforeign.Eachantnesthasitsownodorasaresultofitslocation,history,andlocalfoodsupply.Theresidentantspickupthisodorontheirbodies,sothatantsofthesamespecies,butfromdifferentnests,havedifferentcolonyodors.Thisallowsantstoidentifyintrudersandmaintaincolonyintegrity.

Fireantsalsomakeuseofanalarmpheromonetoalertworkerstoanemergency,andtheirscoutslaydownatrailpheromoneasaguideduringmassmigrations.Afireantqueenemitsachemicalsignalthatidentifieshertothecolonysworkers.Theyrespondbyscurryingtogatheraroundher.Thedecomposingcorpseofadeadantalsogeneratesasignal,towhichworkersrespondbyeliminatingthecorpsefromthenest.

Antsprovideexamplesofbothpublic(accessibletootherspecies)andprivatemessages.Oneoftheirmostimportantprivatemessagesconcernsfood,forafoodsourceisworthkeepingsecret.Eachspeciesmarksitstrailswithsignalsthataremeaninglesstoothers,sothatanantcrossingatrailleftbyanotherantspeciestypicallynoticesnothing.Ontheotherhand,asecretsignaltomarkadeadbodyisunnecessary.Manykindsofantsperceiveanaturaldecompositionproductofdeadinsectsasasignaltoremoveacorpse.Ifanoutsiderrecognizesthismessageandmovesthebody,noharmisdone.

1.Whataspectofantsdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

(A)Therelationshipbetweenthequeenandtheworkerants

(B)Waysinwhichantsusechemicalsignals

(C)Methodsantsusetoidentifyfoodsources

(D)Theimportanceofrespirationintheproductionofantpheromones

2.Thephrasesmoothoperationinline1isclosestinmeaningto

(A)dailyactivity

(B)effectivefunctioning

(C)delicatebalance

(D)permanentlocation

3.Accordingtothepassage,carbondioxideserveswhichofthefollowingfunctionsforfireants?

(A)Itprotectsthequeen.

(B)Itattractsotherantspecies.

(C)Itinformsworkersofpossibledanger.

(D)Itencouragestheantstogathertogether.

4.Thewordclusterinline4isclosestinmeaningto

(A)organ

(B)activity

(C)group

(D)cycle

5.Accordingtothepassage,eachnesthasadistinctodorthatallowsitsinhabitantsto

(A)findthelocationofthenestinthedark

(B)distinguishworkerantsfromotherants

(C)distinguishforeignantsfromresidentants

(D)signalotherinhabitantswhenforeignantsattack

6.Thewordalertinline13isclosestinmeaningto

(A)allow

(B)transport

(C)warn

(D)provide

7.Whatistheroleofpheromonesinthemassmigrationsofants?

(A)Pheromonesareusedtocreateatrailthatdirectstheantsduringmigrations.

(B)Pheromonessignaltheantsthatthenesthasbeeninvadedandmustbeabandoned.

(C)Pheromonescontrolthespeedatwhichantsmovefromonelocationtoanother.

(D)Pheromonesenablescoutstoidentifysuitableareasforestablishinganewnest.

8.Thewordscurryinginline16isclosestinmeaningto

(A)agreeing

(B)appearing

(C)competing

(D)rushing

9.Thewordothersinline21refersto

(A)privatemessages

(B)species

(C)trails

(D)signals

10.Whydoestheauthormentiondeadinsectsinline23?

(A)Tocomparethesocialbehaviorsofantswiththoseofotherinsects

(B)Toemphasizethedangersthatallinsectsencounter

(C)Toarguethesuperiorityofantsoverotherinsects

(D)Toindicateabehaviorthatiscommonamongvariouskindsofants

11.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?

(A)pheromones(line2)

(B)colonyintegrity(lines12)

(C)massmigrations(line14)

(D)privatemessages(lines18-19)

PASSAGE86BBDCCCADBDA

托福阅读真题2

BecausethelowlatitudesoftheEarth,theareasneartheequator,receivemoreheatthanthelatitudesnearthepoles,andbecausethenatureofheatistoexpandandmove,heatistransportedfromthetropicstothemiddleandhighlatitudes.Someofthisheatismovedbywindsandsomebyoceancurrents,andsomegetsstoredintheatmosphereintheformoflatentheat.Thetermlatentheatreferstotheenergythathastobeusedtoconvertliquidwatertowatervapor.Weknowthatifwewarmapanofwateronastove,itwillevaporate,orturnintovapor,fasterthanifitisallowedtositatroomtemperature.Wealsoknowthatifwehangwetclothesoutsideinthesummertimetheywilldryfasterthaninwinter,whentemperaturesarecolder.Theenergyusedinbothcasestochangeliquidwatertowatervaporissuppliedbyheat—suppliedbythestoveinthefirstcaseandbytheSuninthelattercase.Thisenergyisnotlost.Itisstoredinwatervaporintheatmosphereaslatentheat.Eventually,thewaterstoredasvaporintheatmospherewillcondensetoliquidagain,andtheenergywillbereleasedtotheatmosphere.

Intheatmosphere,alargeportionoftheSunsincomingenergyisusedtoevaporatewater,primarilyinthetropicaloceans.ScientistshavetriedtoquantifythisproportionoftheSunsenergy.Byanalyzingtemperature,watervapor,andwinddataaroundtheglobe,theyhaveestimatedthequantitytobeabout90wattspersquaremeter,ornearly30percentoftheSunsenergy.Oncethislatentheatisstoredwithintheatmosphere,itcanbetransported,primarilytohigherlatitudes,byprevailing,large-scalewinds.Oritcanbetransportedverticallytohigherlevelsintheatmosphere,whereitformscloudsandsubsequentstorms,whichthenreleasetheenergybacktotheatmosphere.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusseshowheat

(A)istransformedandtransportedintheEarthsatmosphere

(B)istransportedbyoceancurrents

(C)canbemeasuredandanalyzedbyscientists

(D)movesabouttheEarthsequator

2.ThepassagementionsthatthetropicsdifferfromtheEarthspolarregionsinwhichofthe

followingways?

(A)Theheightofcloudformationintheatmosphere.

(B)TheamountofheattheyreceivefromtheSun.

(C)Thestrengthoftheirlargescalewinds.

(D)Thestrengthoftheiroceaniccurrents.

3.Thewordconvertinline6isclosestinmeaningto

(A)mix

(B)change

(C)adapt

(D)reduce

4.Whydoestheauthormentionthestoveinline10?

(A)TodescribetheheatoftheSun.

(B)Toillustratehowwatervaporisstored.

(C)Toshowhowenergyisstored.

(D)Togiveanexampleofaheatsource.

5.Accordingtothepassage,mostoceanwaterevaporationoccursespecially

(A)aroundthehigherlatitudes

(B)inthetropics

(C)becauseoflarge-scalewinds

(D)becauseofstrongoceancurrents

6.Accordingtothepassage,30percentoftheSunsincomingenergy

(A)isstoredincloudsinthelowerlatitudes

(B)istransportedbyoceancurrents

(C)neverleavestheupperatmosphere

(D)getsstoredaslatentheat

7.Theworditinline18refersto

(A)squaremeter

(B)theSunsenergy

(C)latentheat

(D)theatmosphere

8.Thewordprimarilyintheline19isclosestinmeaningto

(A)chiefly

(B)originally

(C)basically

(D)clearly

9.Thewordprevailinginline19isclosestinmeaningto

(A)essential

(B)dominant

(C)circular

(D)closest

10.AllofthefollowingwordsaredefinedinthepassageEXCEPT

(A)lowlatitudes(line1)

(B)latentheat(line5)

(C)evaporate(line7)

(D)atmosphere(line14)

PASSAGE87ABBDBDCABD

托福阅读真题3

Generally,inordertobepreservedinthefossilrecord,organismsmustpossesshardbodypartssuchasshellsorbones.Soft,fleshystructuresarequicklydestroyedbypredatorsordecayedbybacteria.Evenhardpartsleftonthesurfaceforacertainlengthoftimewillbedestroyed.Therefore,organismsmustbeburiedrapidlytoescapedestructionbytheelementsandtobeprotectedagainstagentsofweatheringanderosion.Marineorganismsthusarebettercandidatesforfossilizationthanthoselivingonthelandbecausetheoceanistypicallythesiteofsedimentation,whereasthelandislargelythesiteoferosion.

Thebedsofancientlakeswerealsoexcellentsitesforrapidburialofskeletalremainsoffreshwaterorganismsandskeletonsofotheranimals,includingthoseofearlyhumans.Ancientswampswereparticularlyplentifulwithprolificgrowthsofvegetation,whichfossilizedinabundance.Manyanimalsbecametrappedinbogsovergrownbyvegetation.Theenvironmentoftheswampskeptbacterialdecaytoaminimum,whichgreatlyaidedinthepreservationofplantsandanimals.Therapidlyaccumulatingsedimentsinfloodplains,deltas,andstreamchannelsburiedfreshwaterorganisms,alongwithotherplantsandanimalsthathappenedtofallintothewater.

(A)erosionislessdestructivethansedimentation.

(B)fossilsaremostcommoninareassubjecttoerosion.

(C)erosioncontributestothedestructionofskeletalremains.

(D)feworganismsliveinareasthatexperienceextensiveerosion.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whyweretheremainsoforganismstrappedinswampsbetter

preservedforthefossilrecordthanthosethatwerenot?

(A)Theswampenvironmentreducedtheamountofbacterialdecay.

(B)Swampwaterscontainedhigheramountsofmaterialssuchascalciumcarbonate.

(C)Therewerefewersedimentsinswampsthaninotherbodiesofwater.

(D)Swampvegetationacceleratedthedecompositionoforganisms.

6.Thewordaidedinline13isclosestinmeaningto

(A)reversed

(B)helped

(C)reformed

(D)counted

7.Itcanbeinferredthatfloodplains,deltas,andstreamchannels(lines14-15)aresimilarin

whichofthefollowingways?

(A)Animalsratherthanplantshavebeenpreservedatsuchlocations.

(B)Suchlocationsarelikelytoberichsourcesoffossils.

(C)Fossilizedhumanremainsareonlyrarelyfoundinsuchlocations.

(D)Rapidsedimentationinsuchlocationsmakesitdifficulttolocatefossils.

8.Whatistheauthorsmainpointinparagraph3?

(A)Weatheringmakesitimpossibletoidentifymanyfossils.

(B)Manyfossilshavebeenburiedforeverunderthesoil.

(C)Fossilsprovidealimitedsampleofancientorganisms.

(D)Itiseasiertofindtheremainsofplantsthananimals.

9.Whydoestheauthormentionaragoniteinline27

(A)Toexplainwhyfossilsarerare

(B)Tocomparearagonitefossilsandcalcitefossils

(C)Toarguethatcertainfossilsaremoreinformativethanothers

(D)Toillustratethekindsofinorganichardpartsthatcanformfossils

PASSAGE88ADBCABBCD

Onlyasmallfractionofalltheorganismsthathaveeverlivedarepreservedasfossils.Normally,theremainsofaplantoranimalarecompletelydestroyedthroughpredationanddecay.Althoughitseemsthatfossilizationiscommonforsomeorganisms,forothersitisalmostimpossible.Forthemostpart,theremainsoforganismsarerecycledintheearth,whichisf