有道学堂熟词辟义

熟词僻义词absorb /v[T]absorbtheadditionalhardships（苦）Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheir e.[2007Text3]（与此同时，家庭成员的退休收入也要承担风险。）[act//nC]行为；举动：Thisdreadfulmurderissurelytheactofamadman.（人惊骇的谋杀纯粹是疯子的行为。）Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydeterminedledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone2007Text1]（这次实验的成功，加上后来那动，不如说是一种认知活动。）Instead,thestudiesendedupgivingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”theextremelyinfluentialideathattheveryactofbeingexperimenteduponchangessubjects?behavior.[2010SectionI]（的是，人们最终以将这些研究的结果使受试者的行为发生改变。）OnlyadecadeearliersuchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia2008Text4（而仅仅在那之前的十年，这样的行为在弗吉尼亚还需要得makessuchsportsillegal.（议会通过了一项法例，规定这些是的。）TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktotheAlienandSeditionActs.[2013Text4]（唯一主要的来自官【常见义】vI,T]vI]address/ /v[T]（尤指正式地）向（或听众）：Thechairmanwillnowaddressthemeeting.（现在由向与会者。）Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.[2002Text1]（因此，谈话对象不同，所谈的问题也不同。）v[T]提出；提交（口头或的报告以引起??的注意：addressa tothefacultysenate（向校评议会提交书）Regrettably,however,thereport’sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.[2014Text4]（然而，令 v[T]应对； ernmentshavebeenslowtoaddresstheproblemofglobalwarming.（在应对全球变暖问题上动作迟缓。）BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhentherearecomprehensiveprogramsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.[2006SectionI]《波士顿报》的克里斯·里迪，只有通过综合规划agent/ /n[C]原动力；动因：Technologicaladvancesarethechiefagents;change.（技术进步是的主要推动力。）Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagent;ofevolutionhasgone.[2000Passage2]（由于大部分的变异是由引起的，所air//n[C]气质，风度：swithatriumphantair（带著胜利神情的微笑）EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.[2011Text1]（甚至在《纽约时报》上文章支持任命吉尔伯特的托马西尼，都称其为“一位谦逊的音乐家，在他身上anchor/ /n[C]；：HesignedoffafternineteenyearsasCBSnewsancho.newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.[2006Text4]（快餐食客们、主【常见义】nC]answer/ Britain’sanswertoMarilynMonroe.（界称她为英国的玛丽莲·梦露。）[2013Text1]Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan?sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.[2013Text1]迈克尔·波伦的《杂食者的困境》一书是消费者【常见义】nC]vIT] v[I]（对有使感：Theideaofcamhasneverappealedtome.（对露营这种想法我从来就不感。）Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofageneraleducation,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducators2007PartC]（如果有关法律的研习正开始成为普通教育的重appetite/ /n[CU欲求：aninsatiableappetiteforbooks（对书籍永不满足的）Religiousassociationsbegan,forexample,inthedesiretosecurethefavorofoverrulingpowersandtowardoffevilinfluences;familylifeinthedesiretogratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetuity;systematiclaborforthemostpartbecauseofenslavementtoothersetc2009PartC]（比如，团体的成立是为了阶层的利益和抵御；家庭生活的建nU]approach/ /v[T]处理；对付：ernmentstendtoapproachtheissuedifferentangles.（倾向于从多个角度处理这个问题。）Researchersinthelate1960sdiscoveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:yticallyprocedurallyrelationally（orcollaboratively）andinnovatively2009Text1]（20世纪60年代末，研究人员发现人类生来具有四种主要的应对的方法：分析的方法、程approachtheprocessofmakingpurchasedecisionsmeansthatmarketing’simpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactorsconventionalpaidmedia.[2011Text3]（如今消费者对于做出购买决定这一过程的处理方式，意味着市场的来自于传统媒介以外的广泛因argue/ /v[I,T]坚持，主张：Thespeakerarguedthatmoreimmigrantsshouldbecountr.allcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddosoleavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeeuptheline.[2003Text3]（他们认为，如果铁路公司对所有客户平均，那营费用。）Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure?[2005Text1]（还记得科学家们认为吸烟arm/ /v[T]提供（设备，信息等I’llneedtoarmmyselfwithallthefactsbeforemeetingthemformally.（在与他们正式见面前，我需要了解所有的事实。）Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.2004Text1]（有的人用它来密切nassume/ /v[T]呈现；具有（特定的性质、外表或程度）：Militantactivityassumedepidemicproportions.（军事活动呈蔓延之势。）Inthemwecanseebiophilia—ayearningforcontactwithnonhumanlife—assuminguncannyrepresentationalforms.[2013Part[attack/ /n[C，U]；非难：anattack;ontheernment’spolicies（对政的）Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.2000Passage5]（对野心的抨bar/ /n[S]法律专业（法律界：Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.[2014Text2]（另一种提议是主张学生在法学院学习两年后就进 v[T]承担；担负：theexpert’sfeeshallbebornebythetenant（专家费要由承租人负担）Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen—andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingsnsarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies?futurehealthcare.[2007Text3]（医疗的绝对支出和家庭所承担的份额都提高了，【常见义】nC] /nC（提交议会讨论的）proposeabill（提出一项议案）Inasignificanttighteningoflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroduceadraftbillthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnessesillegalandwillstrictlycontroltheamountofpublicitythatcanbegiventoacasebeforeatrialbegins2001SectionII]（为了大力加强对报界board /n[C]；理事会；董事会：Hesitson ’smanagement（他是公司的管理委员。）Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatare petentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension.”[2002Text4]（他说，行医执照颁发“必须明确表明??痛苦的可以推定为由于医生治疗不力造成的，应该吊销其行医执照。”）book//v[T]记载；把??记录在册：booktheloss（记录损失）Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.[2010Text4]（另外，缺少的市场在一定程度branch/ /nC（知识的）分科；（语言的）分系Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.[2003PartB]（社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自branchofhumanknowledgeisonething;livingin"publicandillustriousthoughts,"asEmersionwouldsay,issomethingelse.[2006PartC]（精通人类知识的某个分支是一回事；而如buy//vT]认为合乎情理而接受（某事物）Noonewillbuythatexcuse.（谁也不会相信那个借口。）LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.[2005Text2]（许多人接受了这些无稽之谈，结果在canned/ programme?（在此电视剧中有预先录制的笑声吗？）AndhoursofwatchingTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyteacheskidstoprocessinformationinapassiveway2007PartB]（capacity/ /n[C,U]能力；才能：achild’scapacityforlearning（孩子的力）“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthatthey ewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandcarry/5kAri/ vT]备有（货物）供销售：Thesportsshopcarriesafullrangeofequipments.（这育用品商店有各类商品。）And,unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyersrevivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult[2010Text4]（除非银行出[ ：possessivecase（所有格）MrMcWhorter’sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish2005Text4]（麦克沃特先生的专业【常见义】n[C]catch/kAtF/n[U]所捕获的某事物（的量：ahugecatchoffish（大量捕获的鱼）Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes2006Text[celebrate/ /v[T]歌颂asonnetthatcelebrateslove（歌颂爱情的）Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?[2011Text4]（在一个一直歌颂的社会中，承认后悔孩子就相当于承认自己支持残杀幼猫，这有什么奇怪的cement/ /chair/ /v[T]主持；：Wouldyouliketochairtomorrow’smeeting?（你愿主持明天的会议吗？）SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70sandformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.[2003Text4]（桑德拉·戴·欧康奈现在已经70多岁了，而前卫生局C.埃弗雷特·库伯80多岁时还担任challenge/ v[T]质疑：Thisnewdiscoverychallengestraditionalbeliefs.（这的发现对传统观念提出了异议。）Wereasontogetherchallenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofreason.[2012Text3]（我们一起思考，一起怀疑、）n[C]质问；怀疑：aseriouschallengetothePrimeMinister'sauthority（对首相的性郑重异议）Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutationbyfutureresearchers.[2012Text3]（新的看似至关重要且有说服力的发现和可靠发现总是会【常见义】v[T]n[C]check/ /v[T]阻碍；制止：checkanimpulsetolaugh（抑止住想要笑的冲动）Thearefailingtotakeadequatemeasurestocheckthegrowthincrime.2000Passage] n[C]；争论：Thensputoilcompaniesinahead-onclash;withenvironmentalists.（这些计划使石油公司和环境保护主义者发生了正面。）Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclash;ofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.[2001Passage3]（对媒class /v[T]把„„分类；将„„归类： eareclassedashard（和归入硬一类。）WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiture.[2000Passage3]（然而，对于未来正确的，也很难将其归类于文学。）nC]arareclassofbutterflies（一类稀有的蝴蝶）It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.[2010Text2]（它“有可能cloak/ /v[T]隐藏；覆盖；掩饰：Shecloakedherembarrassmentbyrushingintospeech.（她急忙开口说话，以掩饰自己的尴尬。）Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunninga.”[2011Text2]（他没有用一些常见的模棱两可的借口掩饰自己的离开，反而坦言离职是为了cloud/ /v[T]毁坏（某事物；：Ihopethisdisagreementwon’tcloudourfriendship.（我希望这一不会影响我们的友谊。）Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations2011Text2]（同时，的商业环境也使得高级经理外，避免让模糊不清的表态给自己的名【常见义】n[CU]code/ /n[C]行为准则；行为规范：Theprofessionhasastrictcodeofpractice.（行有严格的行业守则。）Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.[2002Text]医学界正采取措施让年轻的医生在晚期疗养所接受培训，检验各种大胆的镇痛疗法方面的知识，为医院所提供的临终制定医疗标准，同时也为评估和处理弥留之际的病痛建立新的标准。）Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenotboundbyanethicscode.[2012SectionI]（部分原因在于并不为道德规范所约束。）comb/ /v[T]细查；搜寻：combedtheareaforthemurderweapon.（这dealers?storesinAthens,Greece.19[2014PartB]（世纪末期，英国考古学家亚瑟·埃文斯爵 .团体；界：Thehaven’treallydoneanythingfortheblackcommunityinparticular.（并没有特别为团体做什么。）Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying2002Text4]（另一方面，们来说，现代医学只是延长了他们弥留之际上的苦痛。）n[C]（生态）群落：communitiesofinsectivorousbirds（食虫鸟类群落）Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand,ifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity,theyareentitledtocontinuance.[2010PartC]（然而，这些生物却是生物群落的成员，如果生物群落的稳定性取决于其完整【常见义】n[C] /n[U]陪伴：Ienjoyhis .（我喜欢和他在一起。）Assdiscussedbefore,itwasnotuntilthe19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronicmedium,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandintheoftheperiodical.[2002SectionII]（正如前面所讲的，直到19世纪，报纸才继小册子和之后，conceive/ 能怀孕。）Soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania.[2007Text1]（酷爱运动的父母更有可能在春季怀孕，因为那是一constitutes /v[T]是；被算作：Theriseincrimeconstitutesathreatto（率上升是对社会的。）AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsocontend/ /v[T]主张（某事物；争辩；认为，声称：Iwouldcontendunemploymentisourmostserioussocialevil.（我认为失业是我们社会最为严重的弊病。）NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath.”[2002Text4]（蒙特非奥尔医疗中 istheygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown’srevenuebecausetheyspendthenight（someofthemfourorfivenights）pouringcashintothehosandrestaurants.[2006Text2]（莎士比亚剧团声称，看戏的人为小镇带来了大量的收入，因为他们在此过夜JointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositivethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheworld.[2012Text]但是course /n[]时间的进程，过程：InthecourseofmylonglifeI'veknownmanyoccurstrytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.2005Text]局；下次再做类似的梦的时候，努力及时醒来以控制梦的进程。）Hisfunctionis tothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.[2006PartC]（他的职责与相似，必只或飞行器的）航向，航线：Thecourseoftheshipwasduenorth.（这条船的航行方向是正）Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongdelay.[2015PartC]（有时候风暴使船只严重偏离航线，而风平浪静又常常使他们陷入【常见义】n[C]cover/ /v[T]（）：TheBBCwillcoverallthemajorgamesoftakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered2010Text1]（在那段遥远的岁月里，人们认为各大报纸的评论家应当对[coverage /n[C,U]：media/newspaper/presscoverage（/报/报的）OfallthechangesthathavetakenceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.[2010Text1]（25年中，英文报纸发生craft/ /vT]精心制作：Hecraftedthechairlovingly.（他精心制作了这把椅子。）encourageinnovationandcompetitionthereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents?abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.2014Text4]（为了激励创新和21世纪解决问critical /adj.重要的；紧要的；关键Itisabsoluycriticalforustoknow（我们知道是极其重要的。）“HowInligentIsInligenceTesting?”,Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestsbestassessyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.[2007Text（斯滕伯格在《智力测试有多准?》一文中，传统测试能够很好地评估分析能力和语言criticism/ nCU（文学、艺术等的）评Liryandartcriticismisacomplexquestionwhichrequiresagreatdealofspecialstudy.（文艺批评是一个复杂的问题，需要大量专门的研究。）Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.[2010Text1]（40岁以下的普通读者而言，他们难以想象一个可以在大多[cp/ /v[]terfttedchea（）tattescaetygeststttemtaeyieldttcanecedmaiycesnteasfatagtcisisat%fitsigiallevel.[6ext]（）cultivate/5kQltIveIt/v[T]力求获得的友谊或支持：Youmustcultivatepeoplewhocanhelpyouinbusiness.（你得结交在业务上对你有用的人。）Theygavejusticespermanentpositionssotheywouldbetoupsetthoseinpowerandhavenoneedtocultivatepoliticalsupport.[ n[C]控制；约束： ernmentcurbsonspending（对开支的限制）Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwastheFederalCircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithits1998decisionintheso-calledStateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.[2010Text2]（对商业方法专利1998年所谓“道富银行案”的裁决中引入了这类专利，当时批准对某种共同投资资产的管理方法授予专利。）Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.[2013Text1]（尽管有些deliver /v[T]（正式）：Hewilldeliveralectureonendangeredwhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandundmanner2002Text1]（你可以轻松、自然地在[discipline/ /n[C学科；教学科目：Whendidsociologyemergeasadistinctdiscipline?（社会学是何时成为独立学科的？）Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinysis2003PartC]（人类学是一门以实地研究为导向的学科，它大量使用比较分析的方法。）ThestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicinlectualdisciplineinEuropeanuniversities.[2007PartC]【常见义】nU] v[T]考虑；否认：Hejustlaughedanddismissedmyproposalasunrealistic.（他只是笑了笑，认为我的建议不切实际，考虑。）Ratherthandismissingourselvesasunchangeablecreaturesofhabit,wecaninsteaddirectourownchangebydramatic onhouseprices.（这则公告对房屋价格产生了巨大影响。）Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore（andmorediverse）communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquickermorevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways2011Text]同样剧烈的技术者会以更快、更明显和更具破坏性的方式表达他们的意见。）dumb/ /adj愚蠢的：adumbdecision（愚蠢的决定）It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.[2011Text4]（很难想象，很多embrace vT欣然接受（或支持（某种信仰、理论、改变等）：Mostcountrieshaveenthusiasticallyembracedtheconceptofhigh-speedrailroads.（许多国家都已经热情高涨地接受了高速铁路这一概念。）Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentialsthoseselectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.[2010Text3]（人员支持“二级”理论，因为该理论表明只要他们能找到endend/nC]She’lldoanythingtoachieveherownends.（她会全力以赴实现exploit/ /vT]（为获取利益而）利用：Weneedtoexploiteveryopportunityformediacoverage.（我们需要利用每一个宣传的机会。）Whiletraditional“paid”media—suchasevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements—stillyamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.[2011Text3]（虽然传统的“”媒介— excus（languageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewell-studiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.[2004 [fair/ /nC]集市；庙会：EveryautumnIgotothecountyfair.（每个秋季我都去县里的集市。）Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimal—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.[2003Text2]（举例来说，在最近的一次街【常见义】adj.fashion/ /v[T]；改变：fashionthesocialinstitutionsoftheold（改变旧的社习俗）Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepoliciesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones.[2013Text4]（而亚利桑那州试图改变州政策，欲与已存在的法令并驾齐驱。）v[T]形成；设计或制作某物：Hefashionedaboxfromafewoldpiecesofwood.（他用几块旧木头做了个盒子。）Thereisnodoubtthatgardensevidenceanirrepressibleurgetocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expressionisabasichumanurge.2013PartC]（毫无表达是人类的基本需求。）IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.[2005Text2]（如果没有率先，father vT做??的父亲Hefatheredthreechildren.（他有三个孩子。）TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.[2008Text4]（科feature/ /n[C]（尤指报、的长篇）特写，特别：aspecialfeaturechildren’sreferencebooks（一篇关于儿童参考读物的专题文章）AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecent设立的奖项加入到奖的行列。）v[T]以„„为特色；是??的特征：Thealarm.警器。）Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.2006特写；突出表现：Thismonth’smagazinefeaturesthenewJamesBondonthefrontcover.（本月封面上有新的詹姆斯·邦德的特写。）Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.[2011Text4]（实际上，每周上都 /v[T]供给；供应：Thepublicbathsarefedbynaturalsprings.（该公共浴池的水来自天然泉水。）IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.[2007Text1]（如果你再检查为和职业球队输送人才的欧洲国家青年队，[fertile/ j.fertil.waytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.[2000Passage2]（还有另式扼杀了人类自身的进化：延长，但却少fetch/ /v[T]售得；卖得：Thelandcouldfetchoveramillionpounds.（这块地售价可100万英镑。）Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch2010Text4]（这些准则规定，[field 答了几个尴尬的问题。）SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoewhoseIQis100aswhat’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondnessOrwhatisthe ]史人物）Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwritingtocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.[2005Text4]（人已经不再期待公众人物在或写作中运用技巧和文采来驾驭英语了。）Amongthecommission’s51membersaretop-tier-universitys,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.[2014Text4]（该fold/ vI]ateamthatneverfoldedunderpressure（一支从不屈服于压力的队伍）TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallnning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitsreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong2010Text4] /v[T]形成，建立（关系：Thetwowomenforgedaclosebond.（两位成紧密。）Ontheother,itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.[2007PartC]（另一方面，它把这些概念同日常生活联系起来，其方式与每天[ n[C]财产：Shepursuedherfortuneinanothercountry.（她到他乡寻求。）Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,他们并不感到绝望，因为他们对自己的状况仍然感觉良好。）Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextra efromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.[2007Text3]（但是今天，家庭收入的减少再也不能靠以前待在家里的伴侣出去赚取[frame/ /nC]Shehasquiteasmallframe.（她身材很瘦小。）Thebodiesyingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbiggerlongerframes.[2008Text3]（近年来，那些从事重要体育项目的职业运动员的身体发生了巨大变fuel/ ：animminentcabinetreshuffle.（他的辞职激起了人们对内阁将随之重组的猜测。）Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.[2002Text4]（另一方面，许多医学界的人承认，协助的争game/ /n[U]野禽；猎物：gamebirds（供猎捕的鸟）Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction2006Text3]（这些生长缓慢的大型动物很容易被猎杀，所以很快就被猎杀殆尽。）gift/ authorshavebrainsenoughorli rygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”wrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefinejournalism?asatermofcontemptappliedbywriters家对那些广受欢迎的作家的轻蔑之辞?。”）【常见义】ngrasp/ /v[T]全面理解（某事）；全面：Ihadn’treallygraspedwhattheyweretalkingabout.（我没有真正明白他们在谈论什么。）Inligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileinlectexamines,pondrs,wondrs,theorizes,criticizesandiagi [2004Text4]（智力寻求的是、操控、重新安排和调整，而智慧旨在审视、思考、怀疑、推理、和想象。）Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.[2014PartC]（这也解释了为何[ /n.说、做或相信某事的原因或理由：Theyhadnogroundstoarrest（他们没有理由逮捕他。）Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.[2003Text3](铁路公司认为对“受制约的”托运商实行差别是合理的，理由是从长远来看，所有人的成本都会减少。)Buttherearefewceswhere shavemoregroundsforcomintthanAmerica.[2014Text2](然而，【常见义】nU]nS]guide /nC]有指导意义的事物；准则：Asaroughguide,allowhalfacupofrice.（大致定个标准，就是每人半杯米。）Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.[2011Text3]（过去，市场成功的大致准则就是一分钱[ /adj.相当大的；可观的：ahandsomereward（一笔可观的）report,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofarmadehandsomeprofits2008Text]这份harness/ v[T]；管理；支配：Ifyoucanharnessyourenergy,youwilplishagreatdeal.（如果你能控制你的精力，巨大成功。）Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter2005Text3]（其中一位重要的[hawk/ /v[T]叫卖；兜售：Streettraderswerehawkingcostumejewellery.（小贩正在叫卖不值钱的仿造珠宝。）“There’sakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyarengancestrytesting,”saysTroyDuster,aNewYorkUniversitysociologist.[2009Text2]（纽约大学的社会学家特洛伊·hijack/ /v[T]把持，控制，使用（本不属于自己的东西：Environmentalistswereaim.来促进自身目标的实现。）Membersofsocialnetworksforinstancearelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.[2011Text3]hit//vT]达到（某事物Theyenhitarecordhighintradingtoday.（在今日的交theirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.2014SectionI]（许多人一步入中[hold/ vT]持有；怀有（观点或信念：Expertsholdvaryingopinionsastothecausesofthedisease.（专家们对该病的起因各持己见。）Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,”acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.[2002Text4]（虽然裁决规定，没有赋予医生协助的权力，但实际上还是支持“双重效应”的医学原则的。这个延续了数百年的道OntheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldtheCongresshaddeliberay“occupiedthefieldandArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal’sprivilegedpowers2013Text]在被推翻的条款中，大多数认为国会早已有意“占领了这块领地”，因此亚利桑那州了联[honor/ /v[T]给??以荣誉；向??表示尊敬：Weareheretodaytohonorthemenandwomenwhogavetheirlivesfortheircountry.（今天我们在此向那些为祖国献出生命的人们表示敬意。Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.[2010Text1]（他于1967年被授予爵士称号，是第一个获此殊荣的音乐评论家。）[immune/ /adj.不受某事物影响；不易感受某事物：immunetocriticism（不评所动摇）RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower2006Text1]（罗德里格斯，全世界偏远山村的孩子们都是像阿诺·施瓦辛格与加思·布鲁克斯【常见义】adj.有免疫力（因接种或自发的inform/ ：contentofherlatestnovel.（难民经历影响了她推出的小说的内容。）Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother2015PartB]（最理想的是，不同阅读方式互相影响，彼此作 /n[U]利息：payinterestonacapitalsum（付一笔的利息）Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalowrateofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenotfrequentlyn.好处；利益：Itisinyourbestinteresttocooperate.（合作对你最有利。）AstheInternetesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeacces