英语研一下听说听力原文

Unit ResourcesandW:Couldyoumailtheselettersforme,M:Moreletters?Yourfriendsaregoingtobeveryhappytohearfromyou.Q:Whatdoesthemanimplyaboutthewoman?W:DoesProfessorFordalwayscometoclass?M:Isicecold?YesQ:WhatdoyoulearnaboutprofessorW:Wouldyouhavesometimethisweektogooverthesequestionswithme?M:Howdoestomorrowsound?Q:WhatdoesthemanM:Hey?John!W:Saveyourbreath.He'soutofQ:WhatistrueaboutJohn,accordingtotheW:YouonlyhavewatertoserveyourM:Thisisn'tjustwater.Thisisimportedmineralwater.Q:Whatistheimplicationofthewoman?M:CouldIborrowatwentytotidemeovertillpaydaynextTuesday?W:You'reinluck.Ijustcashedacheck.Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo n,didn'tyougetmymessages?IlefttwoonyouransweringW:Hmm?Oh,sorry,Tom.I'vebeenmeaningtogetbackintouchwithyou.Itjustslippedmymind.Q:Whydidn’tthewomanreturntheman’scalls?W:I'msorry,sir,butyou'reallowedonlyonepieceofluggageonthene.You'llhavetocheckinoneofyoursuitcasesatthepackagecounter.M:Actually,oneofthesebelongstothewomanupahead.I'mjustgivingherahand.Q:Whyisthemancarryinganextrasuitcase?W:Weneedtodrivetothecitytonight,butthedoctorsaidthismedicinemightmakemedrowsy/dizzy/sleepy.M:Inthatcase,I'dbetterdrive.Q:WhatdoesthemanthinkthewomanshouldM:Lookatallthepollutiongoingintotheairfromthosefactories.Doyouthinkthey'llevergetundercontrol?W:Withthenewlawsandsocialawareness,we'llturnthingsaround.Q:WhatdoesthewomanpredictwillW:Aren'tyoucold?Whyaren'tyouwearingaM:Ioversleptthismorning,soIranoutofthehousewithoutlisteningtotheforecast.Q:Whyisn’tthemanwearingthejacket?M:Prof.Jones,lastnightwhenIwasputtingthefinishingtouchesonmypaperthatelectricalstormcompleywipedoutmycomputerfiles.DoyouthinkIcouldhaveanotherdaytoretypeit?W:I'msorry,Steven.I'mleavingforaconferencetomorrow,andI'llbeawayfortwoweeks.Isupposeyoucouldsendittomethere.Q:WhatwilltheprofessorprobablyallowedthestudentsW:DoyouknowifMaryhascomebytheofficethismorning?M:Ijustgotheremyself,soI'mnottheonetoask.Q:WhatdoesthewomanwanttoM:IreallyenjoyedthatTVspecialaboutwealthlastnight.Didyougethomeintimetoseeit?W:Well,yes.ButIwishIcouldhavestayedawakelongenoughtoseethewholething.Q:WhatdoesthewomanW:Taketwoofthesepillsthreetimesadayandyoushouldn'ttakethemonanemptystomach.M:WhatifIdon'thaveanappetite?Q:WhatcanbeinferredaboutPartPassageonePopulationandThepopulationoftheworldhasbeenincreasingfasterandfaster.In10,000B.C.,therewereprobably10millionpeople.InA.D.1,therewere300million.Ittook1750yearsforthepopulationtoreach625million,alittlemorethandoubletheA.D.1figure.1)In1990,therewere5.3billionpeople.Bytheyear2000,theworld'spopulationwasover6billion,andby2050,itisexpectedtoreach10billion.Doestheearthhaveenoughnaturalresourcestosupportthismanypeople?Differentscientistsgivedifferentanswerstothisquestion.Somesaythatthereareenoughresourcestosupportmorethan6billionpeople.However,therichestcountries,withasmallpercentageoftheworld'spopulation,usemostoftheresources.2)Iftheseresourcescouldbedistributedmoreequallyaroundtheworld,therewouldbeenoughforeveryone.Otherscientistssaythatwemustlimitpopulationgrowthbecauseourresourcesarelimited.Only10percentoftheearth'slandcanbeusedforfarmingandanother20percentforraisinganimals.Itispossibletoincreasetheamountoffarmland,butonlyalittle.Somelandindevelocountriescouldbemoreproductiveifpeoplestartedusingmodernfarmingmethods,butthiswouldnotincreaseworldwideproductionbymuch.Weallknowthatthereisalimitedamountofpetroleum.Therearealsolimitstotheamountsofmetals.Thereisalimittotheamountofwaterwecanusesincemostoftheearth'swaterissaltwater,andmostofthefreshwaterisfrozenattheNorthandSouthPoles.Itisdifficulttosayhowmanypeopletheearthcansupport,butitwillhelpeveryoneifwecanlimitpopulationgrowthbeforeseriousshortagesdevelop.Theproblemishowtodoit.Between1990and2000,whatchangesdidtheworldpopulationAccordingtosomescientists,whichofthefollowingisWhycan’tmostoftheearth’swaterbeused?70%by,Indevelocountries,whatdoestheuseofmodernfarmingmethodsresultAccordingtotheauthor,whatcanyouinferfromthePassage TheMiddleEast'sWaterResourceFreshwater,lifeitself,hasnevercomeeasyintheMiddleEast.EversincetheOldTestamentwhenGodpunishedmanwith40daysand40nightsofrain,watersherehavebeendwindling.Therainfallonlycomesinwinteranddrainsquicklythroughthesemiaridland,leavingthesoiltobakeandtothirstfornextNovember.Theregion'sacceleratingpopulationgrowth,expandingagriculture,industrialization,andhigherlivingstandardsdemandmorefreshwater.Droughtandpollutionlimititsavailability.Warandmismanagementsquanderit.NationslikeIsraelandJordanareswiftlyslidingintothatzonewheretheyareusingallthewaterresourcesavailabletothem.Theyhaveonly15to20yearsleftbeforetheiragriculture,andultimaytheirfoodsecurity,isEvenamidthescarcitythereare"haves"and"have-nots".ComparedwiththeUnitedStates,whichhasafreshwaterpotentialof10,000cubicmetersayearforeachcitizen,Iraqhas5,500,Turkeyhas4,000,andSyriahaslittlemorethan2,800.Egypt'spotentialisonly1,100,Israelhas460,andJordanhaslessthan260.Butthesearenotfirmfigures,becauseupstreamuseofriverwatercandramaticallyalterthepotentialdownstream.Scarcity-scarce(=lackofwater)isonlyoneelementoftheMiddleEast'swatercrisis.Inefficiencyisanother,asisthereluctanceofsomewater-poornationstochangeprioritiesfromagriculturetolesswater-intensiveenterprises.Someexpertssuggestthatifthesenationswouldsharebothwatertechnologyandresources,theycouldsatisfytheregion'spopulation,currently159million.Butinthispatchworkofethnicandreligiousrivalries,thewatercrisisisnotaclear-cutissue.Itisentangledinthepoliticsthatkeeppeoplefromtrustingandseekinghelpfromoneanother.Herewherewater,liketruth,isprecious,eachnationtendstofinditsownwaterandsupplyitsowntruth.WhendoestherainfallcomeintheMiddleWhatisthecauseofthewatercrisisintheHowmanyyearsareleftforIsraelandJordanbeforetheiragricultureisWhatisthecurrentpopulationintheAccordingtosomeexperts’suggestion,whatshouldthenationsdotoavoidawaterPart WILLIAMFAULKNER’SNOBELPRIZE管而已。要做出与这份奖赏原本的目的和意义相符，又与其奖金等价的献词并不，但我还愿意利用这个时刻，利用这个题，唯一的问题是：“我什么时候会被炸得粉身碎骨？”正因如此，今天从事写作的男女青年已经忘记了人类内心的。而他一定要重新认识这些问题。他必须使自己明白世间最可鄙的事情莫过于恐惧。他必须使自己忘却恐惧，在他的工欲，他写是没有人失去可贵的东西，他写的胜利是没有希望、更糟的是没有怜悯或同情的胜利。他的悲伤不是Unit crimeand o.ThisisDr.Grey’soffice.Wearecallingtoremindyouofyour4:15appointmentforannualcheckupM:Oh,thanks.It’sagoodthingyoucalled.Ithoughtitwas4:15W:Howwonderful!Youwonthescholarship.Canyoubelieveit?M:No.It'salmosttoogoodtobetrue.W:Excuseme.ProfessorDavidson.ButIwashototalktoyouaboutmyclassprojectforeconomics.M:Ihaveaclassinafewminutes.Whydon'tyoucomeandseemeduringofficehourstomorrow?M:HowareyouW:Thestuffthenursegavemeseemedtohavehelped.Butit'smakingmeawfullyM:BillSmithhasvolunteeredtowriteasummaryoftheproposalswe'veagreedon.W:WillIhaveachancetoreviewit?M:Theviewisspectacular.Couldyoutakeapictureofmewiththemountainsinthebackground?W:I'mafraidIjustranoutoffilm.W:Excuseme,we'rereadytoordernow.M:I'llbewithyouinjustaminute.W:IthinkIforgotmyumbrella.Didyounoticeifitisrainingoutside?M:Yeah,itis.AndIjustrealizedIleftmycarwindowopen.W:HowdoesyourdaughterlikehernewM:Pine.SheseemstohavemadenewfriendsinnoW:There’sanarticlehereinthismagazineyoufindinteresting.It’saboutbuyingrunningM:Ifit'snotchemistryandit'snotonthefinalexam,Ican'treaditM.You'rewashingyourcarevenonvacation.ItmakesmefeelW:Youshouldn't.It'sjustthatIhavenothingbettertodoatthisM:MydoctortoldmeIneedtogoforsomeexpensivetreatmentsformyinjuredW:Areyousure?Maybeyouneedasecond o.Couldyoufitmeinforanappointmenttoday?Ineedastylistwhoisgoodatcuttingcurlyhair.M:Juliaisgoodatthat.Sheistheowner.Howaboutnoon?W:There'snothingIlikemorethanagoodmysterynovelwhenI'vegotsomesparetime.M:Iliketoread,too.ButIprefernon-fiction,history,socialcommentaryandstufflikethat.M:I'mnotanexpert,butthatnoiseinyourrefrigeratordoesn'tsoundgood.Maybeyoushouldcallandhaveitcheckedout.W:You'reright.AndIsupposeI'veputitofflongPartPassageonePursePursesnatchingisanincreasinglycommoncrime.Thereareestimated50to100pursesnatchingseachmonthintheNewYorkCitysubways,thenumberoftenswingingwidelybecauseofthedepredationsofasingleteenager.Whensuchaprofessionalisincustody,thesnatchescandecreasebymorethan50amonth.Oneofthefavoredtechniquesistostandbetweentwosubwaycarsand.asatrainstartspullingoutofthestation,reachoutandpullawoman'sRecently,acrimeysisofficerfortheNewYork DepartmentfoundthatpursestealinginManhattan'stoprestaurantswasup35percentoverthepreviousyear.Whenawomanputsherpurseonanemptychairatatableoratherfeetbesideherchair,sheisinvitingapursesnatchertotakeit.Pursesnatchersoftenworkinpairs.Whenatargetinarestaurantisseen,oneofthemwillcreatesomekindofdisturbancetogainthevictim'sattention.Whilethewomanislookingawayfromhertable,theactualsnatcherwillliftthepurse.Apopulartechniqueisforthethieftocarryanumbrellawiththecurvedhandledown.Theumbrellahandlesuddenlyhooksthebagandinaninstantitisonthethief’swrist,orunderthecoatoverhisarmifheisaman,andonitswayoutoftherestaurant. thatwomeninrestaurantskeeptheirpurseeitherontheirlapsoronthefloorbetweentheirlegs.Otherpursesnatcherswhooperateintheatersarecalled"seattippers",victimizingwomenwhoputtheirpursesdownonaneighboringemptyseat.Othersspecializeinsnatchingpursesfromladies'rooms.Whenawomanisinatoiletstall,herpurseshouldneverbecedonthefloororhungonthecoathookonthedoor.Thievessimplydiveunderthedoorandgrabthepurseonthefloor,orstandonthetoiletinthenextstallandreachoverandtakethepurseoffthehook.Thesnatcherhasenoughtimetoescapesincethevictimcan'timmediaypursuethethief.Key:crime ysisofficer, toprestaurants, anemptychair,Totakeit, inpairs, somekindofdisturbance,Snatchingpurses, neverbeced, onthecoathook,Inthenextstall, enoughtimetoescape,Passage HowDoHandwritingExpertsCatchOntheafternoonofJuly4,1995,Mrs.BeatriceWeinbergerbroughtherone-montholdbabybackfromanouting.Sheleftthepramoutsideherhouseandhurriedinsidetogetthebabyacleannappy.Whenshereturnedafewmomentslater,thepramwasemptyandascrawlednotewaslyingwhereherbabyhadbeen.Thenotesaid:"Attention.Ibadlyneedmoney,andcan'tgetitanyotherway.Don'tltheaboutthis,otherwiseIwillkillthebaby.""Justput$2,000insmallbillsinabrownenvelope,andceitnexttotheroadlampatthecornerofAlbemarleRd.atexactly10o'clocktomorrow(Thursday)morning.""Ifeverythinggoessmooth,Iwillbringthebabybackandleavehimonthesamecorner'safeandhappy'atexactly12noon.Noexcuse,Icannotwait!Yourbaby-sitter."Despitethekidnapper'swarning,Mrs.Weinbergercontactedthe.Asmallparcelcontainingbrokenpiecesofnewspaperwascedonthecornerthefollowingmorning.Butthekidnapperdidnotshowup.Hefailedtokeeptwoother"appointments"withtheWeinbergers,andleftasecondnotesigned"Yourbaby-sitter".Bythen,thefeltthatthebabywasnolongeralive.TheFBIwascalledin,andthehandwritingexpertssettoworktotrytotrackdownthekidnapper.Inbothnotesanunusualz-shapedstrokewascedatthefrontoftheyinwordssuchas"money"and"baby".StartingwiththeNewYorkState Office,theexpertsspentthenextsixweekscarefullygoingoverlocalrecordsatoffices,factories,hos,clubsandschoolsandexamininghandwritingsamplesandcomparingthemwiththewritingonthekidnapper'snotes.Then,inthemiddleofAugust,theexperts'hardeffortspaidoff.ThehandwritingofJohnRushBlakematchedthatofthekidnapper's,especiallyinthepeculiarformationoftheys.Notlongafter,JohnBlakewasarrestedformakingillegalalcohol.Onbeingshownthehandwritingsamples,heconfessedtokidnapthebaby.Hetoldthethathehadleftthebabyaliveandwellinanearbyparkonthedayafterthekidnap.Butwhenofficershurriedtothece,alltheyfoundwasthebaby'sdeadbody.ThecriminalwaslaterputintoNewYork'sSingSingPrison.EvenifJohnBlakehadtriedtodisguisehishandwritinghewouldstillhavebeenNomatterhowhardsomeonemaytrytodisguisehishandwritingcharacteristics,the"individuality"ofthewritershowsthrough,theveryangleatwhichheorsheholdsapen,thewayatiscrossedandan/isdotted,theheightandsizeofcapitalandsmallletters,theamountofspacebetweenwords,theuse(ormisuse)ofpunctuationmarks.Allthesecanidentifya assurelyasfingerprints.Unit ComputersandtheM:Thisreportisduetomorrow.Wouldyoubeabletoworkonitwithmetonight?W:Unfortuna y,Ihaveanothercommitment.W:IwonderwherethebooksIorderedare.Iexpectedtoreceivethepackageseveraldaysago.M:Maybeyou'dbettercheckitoutwiththe.Theycouldbetemporarilyoutofstock.M:IjusthavetotypethislastpageandthenI'mthrough.W:Bythen,I'llbedone,too.W:Didyoureadtheeditorialinthepaperaboutthemayor'sspeech?M:Isuredid.ButIthinktheytwistedthemeaningofwhathesaid.W:Whydon'twegotoseeamovietonight?Agoodcomedymightcheeryouup.M:Iwould.ButthereasonthatI'vebeensodownisallthisworkIhavetodo.W:So,areyougoingtoseethestudents'ytonight?M:Idoubtit.I'mstillgettingovertheflu.M:Gordonneedstofindanothercetolive.TheapartmentherentsnowhasbeensoldtoanewW:He'dbetterstartlookingrightaway.Whenallthestudentscomebackinafewweeks,hewon'tfindanynearthecampus.W:MindifIborrowyourSpanishM:NotaslongasIhaveitbackintimetotaketoclassthisW:Youdon'tbelieveindiets,doM:ThereisnothingwrongwiththempersebuttheyhavetobecombinedwithexercisetodoanyW:Idon'tknowwhichcolorfoldertouse,whiteorM:Whatdifferencedoesitmake?It'sthecontent W:Youknow,I'veheardthatProfessorMartin'sIntroductiontoChemistryclassistoodemandingforfirstyearstudents.Theysayit'sthemostdifficultcourseforgraduatestudents.M:Yeah,butalotofstudentswilllyouotherwise.Gotalktoanyonewhohasgonetoanadvancedcourse,likeOrganicChemistry,orwhostudiedchemistryingraduateschool.They'rereallygladtheystartedoutwithProfessorW:Hey,Mark.Haveyoubeenabletosellyouroldpiano,M:Hmm,youwereright.Justpostingnoticesonbulletinboardsatacoupleofsupermarketswasn'tenough.thinkI'llhavetoceanadvertisementinthelocalW:I'mamazedthatyoustillhaven'tgottentoknowyourneighbors.M:Theytendtokeeptothemselves.W:Hi!Um,Ithinksomethingiswrongwiththewashingmachine.Itworks,andIjustdidmylaundry,butitmakessomestrangenoises.Maybeyoushouldcallsomeonetofixit.M:Oh,don'tworry.SomeonefromtherepairshopisalreadyonthewayovertotakealookatW:It'ssothoughtfulofyoutooffertodropmeoffatthetrainstation.Areyousureit'snotoutofyourway?M:Notatall.ThestationisreallyclosetowhereI'mgoing.PartPassage TheApplicationofComputersInThebestmethodforimprovingeducationalstandardsistoutilizeeverytoolavailableincludingstate-of-the-arttechnology.ComputersandtheInternethaveexpandedthewayinwhichinformationcanbedeliveredtothestudentsoftoday.Today'snetworkingprovideavaluableopportunitytopracticenewlearningtechniques.Educatorsarediscoveringthatcomputersarefacilitatinglearning.Computer-basedcommunications,ormunicationscanoffermanyeducationalopportunities;therefore,educatorswillneedtoadaptcurrentteachingmethodstoincorporatethisnewmediaintotheComputershavemadeafundamentalimpactonmostindustries,providingacompetitiveadvantagethathascometobeessentialtomanybusinesses.Therefore,schoolsmustalsousetechnologytoimprovetheeducationalprocess.Schoolsystemsoftenconsiderpurchasingacomputenetwork,andjustifyitspurchasebyapplyingittoroutineadministrativetasks,suchasattendancerecordsandgrading.Whilethesetasksareveryimportant,theyonlyshowasmallpartofwhattechnologycandoforaschool.Technologymustgofurtherthansimplykeeattendance;itmustfocusonkeestudentsinterestedandproductive.SincecomputersandtheInternethaveexpandedthewaysinwhicheducationcanbe deliveredtostudents,itiscurrentlypossibletoengagein"distanceeducation”throughtheInternet.Distanceeducationinvolvesaudioandlinksbetweenteachersandstudentsinremoteareas. conferencingallowsgroupstocommunicatewitheachother.Desktop conferencingpromisestobringstudentstogetherfromgeographicandculturaldistancesfacetofaceviacomputer.Notonlywilltheteachertalktothestudents,butthestudentswillbeabletoinctwitheachother.Thiswillmakestudentsmoreinterestedinlearning.Passage TheInternet,asameansforcommerce,didnot erealityuntilthe1990s.Beforethistime,itwasmainlyatoolforthearmy,andaresearchdeviceforsomeAmericanuniversities.Itspopularitygrewwhenitprovedtobeafastandefficientmeanstoconductlongdistancetransactions,aswellasaneffectivewaytodistributeinformation.Thefirstadvantagethat mercepossessesisspeed.Withincreasedspeedsofcommunication,thedeliverytimeisexpeditedandthatmakesthewholetransactionfromstarttofinishmoreefficient.Also,youcanfindpracticallyanyproductavailableforsaleontheInternet.EvenmoresignificantisthefactthatinformationappearingontheInternetcanbechangedrapidly.Thisgivesbusinessownerstheabilitytoinformcustomersofanychangestotheservicethattheyareoffering.Thesecondadvantageofelectroniccommerceistheopportunityitofferstosaveoncosts.ByusingtheInternet,marketing,distribution, nel,phone,postageandprintingcosts,amongmanyothers,canbereduced.Youcanstartngbusinessincyberspaceforaslittleas$100.Thesavings,therefore,aretremendous.Thesefundscanthenbedivertedtomarketingandadvertisingyourproductorservice.Cyberspaceknowsnonationalboundaries.Thatmeansyoucandobusinessallovertheworldaseasilyasyoucaninyourownneighborhood.SincetheInternetconnectseveryoneincyberspace,informationistransmittedatthespeedofsoundorthespeedoflight,dependingonyourconnection.Eitherway,distance esmeaningless,whichenablesyoutolinktonearlyanyoneontheglobe,andanyoneontheglobecanlinktoyou.TheabilitytoestablishlinksmakesngbusinessontheInternetattractivetocustomersinanypartoftheworld.Apotentialsourceoftroubleiscustomerconcernswithprivacyandsecurity.AnythingsentovertheInternetissentthroughseveraldifferentcomputersbeforeitreachesitsfinaldestination.TheconcernregardingInternetsecurityandprivacyisthatunscrupuloushackerscancapturecreditcardorcheckaccountdataasitistransferredorbreakintocomputersthatholdthesameinformation.Makingacustomerfeelsafeisimportantwhen ngbusinessontheInternet.“Eventhoughnoonecanguarantee100%securitywhentransferringfinancialinformationovertheinternet,merceisstillsaferthanusingcreditcardsatanactualstoreorrestaurant,orpayingforsomethingwiththeuseof1-800UnitW:IseeanewbookstorehasjustopenedonMainStreet.M:Itmaybeanewstore,butthebooksarefarfromnew.W:Alicehasbeenspendingalotoftimeatthelibraryla M:Well,she'sgotapaperdueandtwofinalexamsnextweek.W:It'sgoingtocostafortunetogetmycarfixed.M:Whydon'tyoujusttradeitinforanewone?M:Winterisoveratlast.Timetopackupmyglovesandboots.W:I'vebeenwaitingforthisformonths.W:Howdidthegamegotheothernight?Didyourteamwin?M:Areyoukidding?Thatwouldbeafirst.M:TheticketsforthatrockconcertwillgoonsalenextSaturdayatfiveo'clock.W:Iheardthatanyonewhowantsonehadbettergettheresoonerthanthat.W:Yourtrainwillbereadyforboardingin15minutes.Sir.Breakfastwillbeofferedinthedinningcar.M:Good.I'llhavejustenoughtimetosendafaxbeforeleaving.W:ShallIcutyourhairforM:Noway.LasttimeyoualmostmademeM:SomyadvisorwantsmetotakethecreativewritingclassthatmeetsonWednesdayinsteadoftheMondayclass,becausetheinstructorfortheWednesdayclassissupposedtobegreat.ButthatmeansIhavetospendawholedayoncampus,everyWednesday.W:Well,but...especiallyincreativewriting,theinstructorcanmakeabigdifferenceinhowmuchyougetoutoftheclass.M:Wouldyouliketotrythenewseafoodrestauranttonight?Ihearit'sverygood.W:Ihavetogiveapresentationtomorrow,andIneedtodoatrialrun.W:Ah-oh.SomebodylefthiswalletM:SeeifthereissomekindofidentificationinW:Dr.SmithaskedustowatchthatspecialontheCivilWaronTVthisweekend.DoyouwanttocomeoverSaturdaynight?M:Oh,I'msupposedtohelpmycousinmovethen.It'sbeingrebroadcastonSundayafternoon,though.IsthatOKforyou?M:Idon'tknowhowImanagedtobreakthattter.I'llbemorethanhappytobuyyouanewone.W:Forgetaboutit.Somethingsjustcan'tbehelped.W:Iwonderifthere'sabusthatgoesbytheM:ThehistorymuseumonMainStreet?Takeoneofthesewith8-AontheM:It'spouring.We'renevergonnamakeourflightifwedon'tleavesoon.W:Oh,don'tworrysomuch.I'msurewe'llgetthereinplentyoftime.PartPassage CompoundOnedayin1848,a wasmadebya namedMarshall.Hehappenedtopickupsome fromthewaternearhis .Notknowingwhattheywere,hetookthemtohismasterMr.Sutter. andsentamantoSanFranciscotoinformtheernorofitsothat . inthebeginning,themandidnotbelieveit.OnlyafterareporterfromaweeklynewspaperwenttoSutter'ssawmilltomakeareport, theUSA,andeventoEurope.Withinamonth,thousandsandthousandsofpeople Californiatosearchforthe .Soldiersthe lefttheirshipsandallsortsofpeoplegaveuptheirjobs .Largenumberof joinedinthesearch,too. people,shipsandwagontrainsrushedtothesame .ThiswastheCaliforniaGoldRush.Onedayin1848,aremarkablediscoverywasmadebyacarpenternamedMarshall.Hehappenedtopickupsomebrightyellowparticlesfromthewaternearhissawmill.Notknowingwhattheywere,hetookthemtohismasterMr.Sutter.SutterimmediayrealizedtheimportanceofthediscoveryandsentamantoSanFranciscotoinformtheernorofitsothathecouldgetpermissiontofoundasettlementonbothbanksoftheriver.Unfortunayinthebeginning,themandidnotbelieveit.OnlyafterareporterfromaweeklynewspaperwenttoSutter'ssawmilltomakeareport,didthenewsspreadallovertheUSA,andeventoEurope.Withinamonth,thousandsandthousandsofpeoplehurriedtowardsCaliforniatosearchforthevaluablemetal.Soldiersdesertedthearmy,sailorslefttheirshipsandallsortsofpeoplegaveuptheirjobssoasnottomissthechanceof ingrich.LargenumberofEuropeansjoinedinthesearch,too.Crowdsofpeople,shipsandwagontrainsrushedtothesamedestination.ThiswastheCaliforniaGoldRush.Whilethiswenton,familieswerebrokenup,husbandsweretakenawayfromtheirwivesandchildrenfromtheirparents.OntheirwaytoCalifornia,lotsofworshippersofgoldlosttheirlivesbeforetheygotasingleparticleofit.Someofthemwerekilledinstormsatsea;somecouldnotstandtheextraordinaryhardships,anddiedofhunger,coldorillness.TheGoldRushprovedadisasterforSutterhimself.Foryearshetriedtodrivetheprospectorsoffhislandtokeeptheentirewealthforhimself.Theprospectorshatedhimverymuch,anddidagreatdealofdamagetohisbusiness.AllSutter'shouseswereburneddownandallhisfamily,exceptforhimself,werekilled.Attheendofhislife,hebecameabeggar,whocontinuallystoppedpassers-byinthestreettolthemthatgoldisthedevil.PassageTwoFunctionsofThereisanancientrhymeaboutmoneywhichgoeslike"Howmanyusesdoesmoneyhave?Four.Ameans,ameasure,astandard,astore."Thisrhymeformsanexcellentbasisforadiscussionofthemainfeaturesandfunctionsofmoney.Moneyisameans,itisameansofexchange.Itenablesustoexchangegoodsandservices.Thingsvaluedintermsofmoneyecommodities;theycanbeboughtandsold.Money,wheneveritisavailable,providestheopportunitytoobtainusefulthingsorreceoldthingswithnewThesecondthingourrhymelsusisthatmoneyisameasure.Itservesasameasureofvalue.Itenablesustomeasurethevalueofallkindsofgoodsandservices.Theitemssoldbyalargestoremaybeverydifferentfromeachother,butallwithoutexceptioncanbemeasuredbythesamemeasuringrod,namelymoney.Twothingswhicharenotsimilarinanywaymayhavethesameprice.Thirdly,moneyisastandardofvalue.Thismeansthatmoneyitselfpossessesavaluewhichcanremainapproximayconstant.Toserveasastandard,athingorasubstancemustremainfixedandunchangeableincomparisonwithotherthings.Theamountofmoneyinacountryshouldvary,butitshouldvaryinaregularway.Itshouldcorrespondtothetyandvalueofgoodsandservicesavailableforexchangeandcirculationinthatcountry;ifthistyandvalueincreases,theamountofmoneyincirculationshouldbeproportionayFinally,moneyisa"store."Westoremoneyjustaswestoreotherthings.Moneydoesnotgobad,thoughintimesoffinancialcrisisitmaylosesomeofitsvalue.Itenablesustoprovideforfutureneedsandsituations.Whenwesavemoneyweeklyormonthlyanddeposititinabank,oursavingsserveasastoreofvalueingeneral;theygiveustheopportunitytomakeourchoiceslaterinsteadofmakingthemimmediay.Whenwestoremoneywethepowertochooseortodecide,sothatwecanusethispoweronfuturerhyme,features, ameasureof samestore storeother futurePart JOHNKENNEDY'SINAUGURAL同胞们，我们事业的最后成效，主要不是掌握在我手里，而是操在手中。自从我国建立以来，每一代的人都曾以验证其对国家的忠诚。响应此项召唤而服军役的青年人的坟墓遍布全球各处。现在那号角又再度召唤我们－－不是号召我们肩起，虽然是我们所需要的；不是号召我们去，虽然我们准备应战；那是号召我们年复一年肩负起持久和胜败未分「在希望中欢乐，在患难中忍耐；这是一场对抗人类公敌—、贫困、疾病以及本身－－在世界的悠久历史中，只有很少几个世代的人赋有这种在自由遭遇最大时自由的任务。我决不在这责任之前退所以，同胞们：不要问的国家能为做些什么，而要问能为国家做些什么全世界的公民：不要问愿为做些什么，而应问我们在一起能为人类的自由做些什么最后，不管你是的公民或世界它国的公民，请将我们所要求于的有关力量与牺牲的高标准拿来要求我们。我们唯一可靠的是问心无愧，我们行为的最后裁判者是历史，让我们向前引导我们所挚爱的，企求上帝的与扶携，Unit cestoSeeinW:Howisyourpapercomingalong?M:Mytypewriter'sbroken.Q:WhatdoesthemanW:HaveyoutriedSusan'sappleM:Igotthelastpieceanditwasoutofthisworld.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?W:Ifyou'restayinglate,Willyoubesuretolockuptheofficewhenyouleave?M:OK.IhopeIwon'tbemorethananhour.Q:WhatdoesthemanW:NancyreallywantstoskionThursday.M:Yes.Butshecan't,canshe?Q:WhatdoesthemansayaboutM:LetmehelpyouwiththoseW:Thanks.Butit'sonlythreequartersofablock.Q:Whatdoesthewomanltheman?W:Youknow,Sallywassupposedtomeetushereanhourago.Maybeweshouldgiveheraring.Afterall,sheistheonewhoorganizedthestudysession.M:You'reright.I'lldoQ:WhatwillthemanprobablyM:Forgivethemessinhere.Yousee,wehadapartylastnight.Therewerealotofpeople.Theyallbroug