句子成分和结构课件公开课获奖课件

requireearndevoteinformdonaterequirementheadmasterliteratureavailableenjoyablechallengingfluentsomehowfluentlydifferentlyusually第1页英语词性分类词类又叫词性，英语词性共有十大类。PartsofSpeech第2页1名词nounn.student学生2代词pronounpron.you你

3形容词adjectiveadj.happy快乐4副词adverbadv.quickly迅速地

5动词verbv.cut砍、割6数词numeralnum.three三

7冠词articleart.a一种8介词prepositionprep.at在...9连词conjunctionconj.and和10感慨词interjectioninterj.oh哦实词虚词第3页英语句子成分获得英语语法成功基石第4页

句子是由词按照一定语法构造构成。

构成句子各个部分叫做句子成分。

★句子成分：主·谓·宾·表补·定·状·同位语第5页

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语第6页㈠主语（subject）

句子阐明人或事物,

主语一般位于______。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化形容词）（句子）句首第7页找出如下句中主语并说出是有什么来充当1.Thesunrisesintheeast.

2.Seeingisbelieving.

3.Toseeistobelieve.

4.Whatheneedsisabook.5.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名词）

（动名词）

（不定式）（句子）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）第8页当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子构造前后平衡，防止头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，自身无词义。什么状况下用it作形式主语？第9页你能划出如下句子真正主语吗?你懂得翻译如下句子吗？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()

2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()

3)Itisuncertainwhowille.()说谎是错误。争执是没用。谁要来还不确定。第10页㈡谓语（predicate）

阐明主语动作、状态和特性，用动词充当（有时不止一种动词），主谓一般要靠在一起。简朴谓语:由动词或动词词组构成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing第11页选出如下句中谓语①Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.A.lookedB.lookedupC.lookedupthewordD.inthedictionary②Hehascaughtabadcold.A.hasB.caughtC.hascaughtD.abadcold③Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.A.runningB.practicesrunningC.practicesD.everymorning第12页Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）

(

代词）(数词)(名词化形容词)(三)宾语（object）动作对象或承受者，由n.或相称于n.词担任。置于_________或______之后。（不定式）（动名词）（句子）及物动词介词第13页有些及物动词如give,tell,bring,buy等可以带双宾语，一种指人，一种指物。一般状况下，指物叫直接宾语，指人叫间接宾语。间接宾语多放在直接宾语之前。↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.Hegaveme

somebooks.第14页宾语有三种动宾Iboughtabook.直接/间接宾语

ShegaveJohn

abook．介宾Theytalkaboutabook.注意第15页挑出如下句中宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Theteacherturnedoffthelights.④He'llgiveusatalk.⑤Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.第16页（四）表语（predicative

）在系动词后部分就是表语Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.第17页系动词1.表状态be(am,is,are)2.表感官sound,taste,feel，look,seem,appear3.表持续keep,remain,stay,standYoukeepquite!5.表变化bee,grow,e,go6.表终止prove,turnout证明…第18页Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.（五）宾语补足语（objectplement）

补充阐明宾语状况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。与宾语一起构成复合宾语。常用动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let等‹

›第19页（六）同位语（appositive）位于名词或代词背面，解释阐明它们性质和状况，两者语法功能相似，背面是前面同位语。Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名词代词数词从句第20页（七）定语（attributive

）Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54

studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词所有格)(目前分词)(过去分词)对n./pron.进行修饰限定成分，汉语中用‘……’表达。()()()()()()第21页定语后置：假如定语是一种单词时，一般要前置。而由一种词组或一种句子表达时，一般后置。Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?第22页用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句成分,状语位置灵活。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.

WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（从句作时间状语)（八）状语（adverbial）第23页状语分类:状语按照内容可分为时间,地点,原因,目旳,成果,条件,让步,方式,程度,伴随状况等.表达时间、地点、目旳状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放句首。第24页画出如下句子状语Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.第25页

句子成分巩固练习

第26页（一）指出如下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.9.Hiswishistobeeascientist.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?第27页（二）分析如下各句中所包括句子成分第28页1.LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.

Lastweek

I

went

tothesupermarket.

状主谓状2.Theplaywasveryinteresting.

Theplay

was

very

interesting.

主系状表3.Ican’thearaword.

I

can’thear

aword.

主谓宾4.Theyweretalkingloudly.

They

weretalking

loudly.

主谓状第29页4.ItwasSunday.

It

was

Sunday.

主系表5.InevergetupearlyonSundays.

I

never

getup

early

onSundays.

主状谓状状6.Ilookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.

I

lookedat

theyoungmanandthe

主谓宾

youngwoman

angrily.

宾状第30页7.Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’tunderstandaword.

I

read

afew

lines,but

I

didn’t

主谓定宾连主谓

understand

aword.

谓宾8.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidn’tsendcardstomyfriends.

Myholidays

passed

quickly,but

I

主谓状连主

didn’tsend

cards

tomyfriends.

谓宾宾第31页9.Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.

I

gotup

early

and

bought

thirty

cards.主谓状连谓定宾10.HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.He

isworking

forabigfirm

and

he

has

主谓状连主谓already

visited

agreatnumberof

different

状谓定定places

inAustralia.宾定第32页11.HehasjustboughtacarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.

He

has

just

bought

acar

and

主谓状谓宾连hasgone

toAliceSprings,asmalltown

谓状同位语inthecentreofAustralia.

定第33页12.Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.

He

callsat

everyhouse

inthestreet

主谓宾定

onceamonth

and

always

asksfor

状连状谓amealandaglassofbeer.

宾第34页13.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.

You

willtell

your

friend

主谓定间宾

thatyou’ve

gottoschool.

直宾第35页nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)Vt系动词ViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英语句子基本成分示意图be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebee/get/grow/turngo/e/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.第36页1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

6.Thereliesabookonthedesk.主+谓主+系+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语‹›主+谓+宾+宾补Therebe句型简朴句基本句型实例第37页Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice‹›主+谓主+系+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语主+谓+宾+宾补第38页附属成分基本成分修饰语。可以是：定语：即用来修饰名词单词、短语或从句状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外词单词、短语或从句。定语Poor

Johntotteredtowardahospitalnearby．ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymany

books，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.第39页Johnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry．Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,hedidn’tetoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.You’dbetterstayhere.状语第40页按句子构造分：1)简朴句2)并列句3)复合句句子类型第41页简朴句只有一种主语（或并列主语）和一种谓语（或并列谓语）。（即只有一种主谓构造），它是最小句子单位。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendraws

picturesforthewallnewspapers.第42页我们可以给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子动词加上副词修饰或给句子加上状语修饰等，以使整个句子意思变得更丰富和充实。但不管怎样变，都只有一种主谓构造。Heworkedhardallhislife.(划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked)HeisaschoolstudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.(划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student)第43页e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.并列句句型：简朴句+并列连词+简朴句并列句是由两个或两个以上简朴句连接而成。并列句中各简朴句意义同等重要，互相之间没有从属关系，是平行并列关系。它们之间用连词连结。第44页practiceThisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbut

soHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.第45页就是具有两个或两个以上主谓构造句子。这种构造中，必然有一种主谓构造是句子主句部分，而另一种主谓构造则是句子次要部分，即从句部分。句型主句+引导词+从句；或引导词+从句+主句复合句第46页句型主句+引导词+从句；或引导词+从句+主句TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.、(when引导一种时间状语从句)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisgettingmoreandmorepowerful.(as引导一种定语从句)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(Where引导一种地点状语从句)第47页名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句复合句中从句包括Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.第48页

Myroommatewassleeping,wedidn’twanttowakeherup.请用所学知识改正如下病句Myroommatewassleeping.Wedidn’twanttowakeherup.Myroommatewassleeping,sowedidn’twanttowakeherup.IwenttobedbecauseIwastired.

Iwenttobed.BecauseIwastired.第49页

Chinahashundredsofislands,andthelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland.

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthemisTaiwanIsland.Chinahashundredsofislands,andthelargestofthemisTaiwanIsland

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland第50页Exercises判断句型1.Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywentontohelphismother.2.Whathesaysdoesn’tsuitwhathedoes.

(简朴句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子)(复合句包括两个名词性从句：Whathesays是一种主语从句；whathedoes是一种宾语从句)第51页3.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.4.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.5.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?简朴句复合句简朴句第52页6.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.7.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.8.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandebackhomeatsevenintheevening.并列句

复合句

简朴句第53页9.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.10.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?11.Thefarmerisshowing