2023版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分重点全程攻略Unit4Earthquakes限时规范特训新人教版必修1

PAGEPAGE4Unit4EarthquakesⅠ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)A[2022·惠州调研]Humanshavebeenkeepinganimalsaspetsfortensofthousandsofyears,butDrJean－LoupRault,ananimalscientistattheUniversityofMelbourneinAustralia,believesnewcompanionsarecoming:robotpets.“Technologyismovingveryfast，〞RaulttoldABCNews,“TheTamagotchiintheearly1990swasreallythefirstroboticpet,andnowSonyandotherbigcompanieshaveimprovedthemalot.〞Thismaynotsit_well_withpetlovers.Afterall,whowouldchooseaplasticeq\a\vs4\al(W1)toyoveralovelypuppy?ButRaultarguesthattherobotickindhasalotgoingforit：“Youdon'thavetofeedit,youdon'thavetowalkit,itwon'tmakeamesseq\a\vs4\al(W2)inyourhouse,andyoucangoonaholidaywithoutfeelingguilty.〞Thetechnologyalsobenefitsthosewhoareallergictoeq\a\vs4\al(P1)pets,shortonspace,orfearfulofrealanimals.It'snotclearwhetherrobotpetscanreplacerealones.Butstudiesdosuggestthatwecanbondwiththesesmarteq\a\vs4\al(W3)machines.Peoplegivetheircarsnamesandkidsgivetheirtoyanimalslifestories.It'sthesamewithrobots.WhenSonystoppeditsrepairserviceforitsrobotdogAiboinMarch2022,ownersinJapanheldfunerals.Asananimalwelfareresearcher,Raultisconcernedabouteq\a\vs4\al(P2)howroboticpetscouldaffectourattitudeseq\a\vs4\al(W4)towardsliveanimals.“Ifwebecomeusedtoaroboticcompanionthatdoesn'tneedfood,waterorexercises,perhapsitwillchangehowhumanscareaboutotherlivingbeings，〞hesaid.Soaredogsandcatsathingofthepast,asRaultpredicts?Forthosewhogrewupwithlivingandbreathingpets,themechanicalkindmightnotdo.Butforournextgenerationeq\a\vs4\al(W5)whoareinconstanttouchwithsmarttechnology,afutureinwhichlovelypetsneedn'thaveaheartbeatmightnotbeafar－fetcheddream.篇章导读：随着科技的开展，一种新的宠物即将出现：机器人宠物。文章陈述了机器人宠物的特点。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“sitwellwith〞mean?A．Berefusedby. B．Bebeneficialto.C．Makeadifferenceto. D．Receivesupportfrom.答案：D词义猜想题。根据第三段第二句“Afterall,whowouldchooseaplastictoyoveralovelypuppy？〞可推知，其词义为“得到来自于……的支持〞。2．Whataretheadvantagesofrobotpets?a．Theyareplasticandfeelsmooth.b．Ownersneedn'tworryaboutthemwhengoingout.c．Theycanhelpcureallergies.d．Theysavespaceandcosts.A．a，bB．b，cC．b，dD．c，d答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中Rault提到的“Youdon'thavetofeedit,youdon'thavetowalkit，...andyoucangoonaholidaywithoutfeelingguilty.〞可知，答案选C。3．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A．SonyisthefirstcompanytoproducerobotpetsAiboB．peoplecandevelopstrongbondwiththeirrobotpetsC．RaultthinksrobotpetsstillhavealongwaytogoD．robottoysmayhelppeoplecaremoreaboutlivingbeings答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Butstudiesdosuggestthatwecanbondwiththesesmartmachines.〞以及对机器人宠物的特点的描述可知，答案选B。4．Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A．theadvantagesofrobottoysB．thepopularityofrobotpetsC．livingpetsaredyingoutD．robotpetsarecoming答案：D主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“...believesnewcompanionsarecoming:robotpets〞及全文最后一句中的“...notbeafar­fetcheddream.〞可知，文章主要告诉我们机器人宠物即将出现。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．plasticadj./n.塑料的；塑料2.messn.混乱3．smartadj.英明的；智能的4.attituden.态度5．generationn.代；一代eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．beallergicto对……过敏2．beconcernedabout关心；挂念B[2022·沈阳二中模拟]Ifyouliveinanearthquake­pronearea,it'swisetoprepareyourfamilywellinadvanceeq\a\vs4\al(P1)forthenext“BigOne〞.It'salwaysimportanttomakesuretoprepareforearthquakes.Earthquakesaremorecommonthansomepeoplerealize,andthoughtheyrarelyendupcausingdamage,it'simportanttohaveyourfamilypreparedforanearthquakehit.Puttogetheranemergencykitthatincludesfoodandwatertolastaweek,afireextinguisher,portableradio,batteries,flashlight,andfirst­aidsupplies.Noteeq\a\vs4\al(W1)allsafespotsineachroom,suchasdoorwaysorundersturdytablesanddesks.Knowthedangerousspots,suchasfireplaces,windows,mirrorsandhangingobjects.Pointoutsafetyexitsandkeepthoseareasclear.Makesureyourfamilyknowswhereemergencysuppliesarelocated.Checktobesurethateveryoneknowswhereandhowtoturnoffelectrical,gas,andwatermainvalveandswitches.Makesurethatallfamilymembersknowhowtoturnoffthegas,water,andelectricityincasethereisdamageaftertheearthquakethatneedstobetakencareof.Itmayproveusefultotakeyourdigitalcameraandmakea“HowtoGuide〞，customizedeq\a\vs4\al(W2)toyourhome,forthesethingswhichcanbestoredinthekit.Establisheq\a\vs4\al(W3)howandwhereyourfamilywillreuniteifseparatedduringthequake.Arrangeaplaceforthefamilytomeet,ifyoucannotreturntoyourhomeaftertheearthquake.Ifyouhavearelativeoutsideofyourarea,arrangeaheadoftimetousehis/herphonenumberasacontactpoint.Rememberthatphonelineswillbeneededforemergencies,sodelayeq\a\vs4\al(W4)gettingonthephoneimmediatelyaftertheearthquake.Conducteq\a\vs4\al(W5)earthquakedrillswithyourfamilyeverysixmonths.Warningsandtips：Warmclothingandextrasleepingbagscomeinhandyeq\a\vs4\al(P2).Games,toys,andbookshelpkeepyoungonescomfortedandentertained.Keepwhatyoucanpackwithyouremergencykit.Turningonlightswitchesorlightingcandlescanstartleakinggas—chooseflashlightsinstead.篇章导读：本文主要介绍了怎样和家人一起为地震做好自救准备。5．Thefirstparagraphisusedas________.A．acomment B．adefinitionC．anintroduction D．awarning答案：C细节理解题。第一段主要是对地震及其做好预防的大致情况进行简单的介绍，从而为下文做好铺垫。应选C。6．Theunderlinedword“sturdy〞inParagraph3maymean“________〞．A．woodenB．wideC．longD．solid答案：D词义猜想题。结合第三段第一句中的“Noteallsafespotsineachroom,suchasdoorwaysor...〞可知，此处是在列举那些平安的地方，所以这个词应该是表示“结实的〞。7．Toprepareforanearthquake,youareadvisedto________.A．packsomedailysuppliesintoapackagetocarryB．callonyourfamilymembersimmediatelyafteranearthquakeC．hidenearthewindowstobereadyforjumpingoutsideD．takeyourdigitalcameratorecordthesceneofanearthquake答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段“Puttogetheranemergencykitthatincludesfoodand...〞可知，应该准备一个应用于地震急救的物品包，故答案选A。8．Whichofthefollowingshouldyouavoiddoingwhenanearthquakehappens?A．Turningofflightsswitches.B．Lightingcandles.C．Puttingtoysintoyouremergencykit.D．Takingaflashlightalong.答案：B细节理解题。从最后一段的“Turningonlightswitchesorlightingcandlescanstartleakinggas...〞可知，地震发生时，你应该防止翻开电灯或点燃蜡烛。应选B。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．notevt.注意；留意2.customizevt.定做；定制3．establishvt.建立；创立4.delayvi.延迟；拖延5．conductvt.组织；安排；实施eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．inadvance提前2einhandy迟早有用Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时10′)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2022·保定摸底]WinterbeginsinthenorthonDecember22nd.Peopleandanimalshavebeendoingwhattheyalwaysdotoprepareforthecoldermonths.Squirrels,forexample,havebeenbusygatheringnutsfromtrees.__1__TheyexamineddifferencesbetweenredsquirrelsandgraysquirrelsintheAmericanstateofIndiana.Thescientistswantedtoknowhowthesedifferencescouldaffectthegrowthofblackwalnut(黑胡桃)trees.__2__Theblackwalnuttreeisalsoacentralpartofsomehardwoodforests.RobSwihartofPurdueUniversitydidthestudywithJakeGoheen,aformerPurduestudentnowattheUniversityofNewMexico.Thetworesearchersestimatethatseveraltimesasmanywalnutsgrowwhengatheredbygraysquirrelsascomparedtoredsquirrels.Graysquirrelsandredsquirrelsdonotstorenutsandseedsinthesameway.Graysquirrelsburynutsoneatatimeinanumberofplaces.__3__Sosomenutsremainintheground.Conditionsarerightforthemtodevelopandgrowthefollowingspring.Redsquirrels,however,storelargegroupsofnutsaboveground.ProfessorSwihartcalls“deathtrapsforseeds〞．__4__ButProfessorSwihartsaystheirnumbersbegantodecreaseasmoreforestswerecutforagriculture.Redsquirrelsbegantospreadthroughthestateduringthepastcentury.Theresearcherssayredsquirrelsarenativetoforeststhatstaygreenallyear,unlikewalnuttrees.Theysaythecleaningofforestlandforagriculturehashelpedredsquirrelsinvade(涌入)Indiana.__5__A．GraysquirrelsarenativetoIndiana.B．Buttheyseldomrememberwheretheyburiedeverynut.C．Redsquirrelsburynutsinadifferentway.D．Theblackwalnutisthenutofchoiceforbothkindsofsquirrels.E．JakeGoheencallsthemasignofanenvironmentalproblemmorethanacause.F．Scientistsareworriedthattheywilldriveawaythegraysquirrels.G．Well,scientistshavebeenbusygatheringinformationaboutwhatthesquirrelsdowiththefoodtheycollect.篇章导读：本文为说明文，主要讲述了红松鼠和灰松鼠的生活习性以及它们的生活方式给环境带来的影响。1．G根据下段第一句“TheyexamineddifferencesbetweenredsquirrelsandgraysquirrelsintheAmericanstateofIndiana.〞可知，该项中的scientists为关键信息。2．D根据空格后“Theblackwalnuttreeisalsoacentralpartofsome...〞中的also可知，空格前在讲theblackwalnuttree。3．B根据下文中“Sosomenutsremainintheground.〞可知，该空与下文为因果关系。应选B项。4．A根据下文讲述的内容可知，此处应为主题句，并且与下句为转折关系，文中arenativeto为关键点。5．E该选项中的them代指上文的redsquirrels，且E项与上文均涉及环境主题。应选E。Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时10′)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。[2022·山东师大附中打靶题]In2001,asninthguiders,FinnandAnnavolunteeredtodeliverproducetoWoodstock'slocalfoodpantry(食物储藏室)throughthe___1___(organize),ChangetheWorldKids.Whilethere,___2___noticedthepantrydidn'thavefreshfruitsandvegetablesafterOctoberbecausetherewasno___3___(suit)storage.Thegirlsresearchedwaystostoreproduceduringcoldmonths.After___4___(discuss)forweeks,theycameupwiththeideaofmakingarootcellar(地窖)—astructurethatwasbuiltintotheearth___5___(keep)foodfresh.“Butgettingtheproject___6___(approve)bythetownwasn'teasy，〞Annaadmitted.Still,thetwogirlsformedacommitteewithotherChangetheWorldKids,anddidresearchintohowcellars___7___(construct)andwhatpermitsthey'dneed.Finallytheyfoundasitebehindthetown'selementaryschool.Therootcellar___8___(official)openedonOctober6,2022.ThecommunitydonatedproducethroughoutOctober,andsomelocalfarmerssetasideplots(农作物)specifically___9___thefoodbankorgavethecellarbanktheirleftovers,___10___includeapples,onionsandothervegetables.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章导读：本文讲述的是Finn和Anna在做志愿者期间，为了能在寒冷的月份里储存新鲜的蔬菜、瓜果等产品而提出的建地窖的建议，并努力使其实现的过程。1．organization考查名词。organization“组织；团体；机构〞。2．they考查代词。they代替前边提到的两个人Finn和Anna。3．suitable考查形容词。suitable“适宜的；适宜的〞，修饰名词storage。4．discussing考查非谓语动词。after是介词，其后跟v.­ing形式。5．tokeep考查动词不定式作目的状语。6．approved考查非谓语动词。getsth.done“使某事被做〞。7．wereconstructed考查动词的时态和语态。construct与cellars之间构成动宾关系，且全文时态为一般过去时，所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态。8．officially考查副词。officially副词，修饰动词opened。9．for考查介词。for“为了〞。10．which考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时21′)假设你叫李华，上周六你参加了学校组织的到“红星幼儿园〞看望留守儿童的慰