2023学年完整公开课版PLMEntityMarkupLanguage（2022新）

Presenter:MiZhiqiangHunanModernLogisticsCollegePLMEntityMarkupLanguageContents0TheconceptandcompositionofPML1PMLserver2PMLdesign3PMLapplicationGuide0 Afternearly40yearsofdevelopment,theInternethasachievedgreatsuccess.PeopleknowalotaboutthelanguageHTML(HypertextMarkupLanguage)oftheWorldWideWeb.Themostcommonphenomenonisthatthewebaddressdisplayedbythebrowserinthecomputerisendedwith.htm(or.html).BasedontheexistingmatureInternettechnology,peoplehavenewlyestablishedanotherInternetofThingsthatisdifferentfromtheInternetandlargerthantheInternet.Thesystemcanidentify,trackandmonitorobjectsautomaticallyandinatimelymanner,aswellastriggerthecorrespondingevent. ThePMLsystemisaversatilelanguagefordescribingphysicalobjects,processes,andenvironments.ItsmainpurposeistoprovideacommonstandardizedvocabularytodepictandassigninformationaboutAuto-IDactivatedobjects.ThecoreofPMLprovidesacommonstandardvocabularytodistributeinformationobtaineddirectlyfromtheAuto-IDinfrastructure,suchaslocation,composition,andothertelemetryinformation.

Guide0 TheEPCproductelectroniccodeidentifiesindividualitems,whichrequiresastandardfordescribingnaturallogistics.JustastheHTMLlanguageintheInternethasbecometheWWWdescriptionlanguagestandard,allproductinformationintheInternetofThingsisalsodescribedbyPML(PhysicalMarkupLanguage)basedontheXML(eXtensibleMarkupLanguage).PMLisdesignedtodescribethestandardofnaturalobjectsthatcanbeusedbybothadultsandmachines.ItisthestandardformatforIoTnetworkinformationstorageandexchange.Itwillprovideadynamicenvironmentinwhichstatic,temporal,dynamic,andstatisticallyprocesseddataassociatedwithobjectscanbeexchanged.Becauseitwillbecomeaunifiedstandardfordescribingallnaturalobjects,processesandenvironments,itsapplicationwillbeverybroadandwillenterallindustries.Astimegoesby,PMLwillevolve.JustlikethebasiclanguageHTMLoftheInternet,PMLhasnowevolvedintoalanguagethatismuchmorecomplicatedthanitwaswhenitwasfirstlyintroduced..Therearethousandsofthingsintheworld,andthefutureEPCIoTwillbehuge.Naturalobjectswillhaveaseriesofevents,andtheEPCtagswillonlystoreastringofnumericcharactersencodedbyEPC.HowtouseEPCencodingtotransmittheeventinformationofnaturalobjectsrepresentedbytheseEPCcodesinrealtimeintheInternetofThings,howtousetheEPCIoTcommunicationlanguage,itisworththinkingabout.

TheexistingExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)isasimpledatastoragelanguagethatsimplydisplaysdataandissimple,andcanbereadandwrittenbyanyapplication,makingittheonlycommonlanguagefordataexchangeincomputernetworks.XMLdescribesthestandardsofdatacontentandstructureonthenetwork,andgivesthedatarelevantfunctions.01TheconceptandcompositionofPML ItsfeaturesareidealforthetransmissionofinformationintheInternetofThings.BasedontheXMLlanguage,abetterPMLlanguagesuitablefortheInternetofThingshasbeendeveloped.PMLisacommonlanguageforSavant,EPCIS,applications,andONStoexpressandcommunicateEPC-relatedinformation.ItdefinesthetransmissionofallinformationintheEPCInternetofThings.Figure8-36showsthecompositionofthePMLlanguage.PMLisastandardvocabularythatcontainstwodifferentvocabulary,PMLcoreandSavantextensions.PMLcanalsoexpandmorevocabularyifneeded.01TheconceptandcompositionofPMLThePMLcoreisbasedontheexistingXMLSchemalanguage.Beforedatatransfer,thePMLcoreuses"tags"(labels,unlikeRFIDtags)toformatdata.PMLtagsaretagconceptsinprogramminglanguagessuchas<pmlcore:Sensor>.Atthesametime,thePMLcoreshouldbeunderstoodbyallEPCnetworknodes(suchasONS,Savant,andEPCIS),makingdatatransfersmootherandmakingsystemseasier.TheSavantextensionisusedforcommercialcommunicationbetweenSavantandenterpriseapplications.Figure8-36CompositionofthePMLlanguagePMLcoreSavantextensionOtherwords01TheconceptandcompositionofPML1.PMLGoalsandScope

EntityMarkupLanguage(PML)describesourphysicalworldinacommon,standardway.ThistaskissodauntingthatEPCglobalmustcarefullyconsiderthegoalsofPMLanditsfutureapplications.Asastandardfordescribingitems,PMLhasabroadhierarchy.Forexample,acanofCoca-Colacanbedescribedasacarbonatedbeverage,whichisasub-categoryofsoftdrinks,whichinturnareunderthebroadcategoryoffoods.Notallclassificationsaresosimple.ToensurethatPMLiswidelyaccepted,werelyheavilyonsomeoftheworkthatstandardizationorganizationshavedone,suchastheInternationalWeightMeasurementAgencyandsomestandardsdevelopedbytheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology.01TheconceptandcompositionofPML

ThegoalofPMListoprovideasimple,universaldescriptionlanguageforremotemonitoringandenvironmentalmonitoringofphysicalentities.Itcanbewidelyusedininventorytracking,automatedtransactionprocessing,supplychainmanagement,machinecontrolandobject-to-objectcommunication.PMLisdesignedasastandardforwritingnetworkinformationforphysicalobjects.Inasense,allthecomplexityofdescribingandclassifyingitemshasbeenremovedfromtheobjecttagsandtransferredtoPMLfiles.Thislanguageinformationanditsassociatedsoftwaretoolsaredockedwiththeapplication,whichisoneofthetoughestaspectsofthis"InternetofThings."ThedevelopmentofPMLispartofastandardizedinterfaceandprotocolthatisdedicatedtoautomaticallyidentifyingthecommunicationbetweentheunderlyingorganizations.InsteadoftryingtoreplacetheexistingbusinesstransactionvocabularyoranyotherXMLapplicationlibrary,PMLdoesnotmakeupforthesystem'soriginaldeficienciesbydefininganewdefinitionlibraryforrelateddataintheEPCnetworksystem.01TheconceptandcompositionofPML2.TheRoleofPMLLanguageintheEntireEPCSystem

ThePMLlanguagemainlyactsasacommoninterfacefordifferentpartsintheEPCsystem.Figure8-37showsanexampleoftherelationshipbetweenSavant,athird-partyapplicationsuchasEnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP)orManagementExecutionSystem(MES)andPMLServer.Figure8-37PMLlanguageactsasaninterfacetovariouspartsoftheEPCsystemMainfunctionofPMLPMLserverInformationexchangebasedonPMLvocabularyThird-partyapplicationssuchasERPsystemsorMESsystemsAuto-IDreader01TheconceptandcompositionofPMLPMLserver021.MainInformationStoredbythePMLServerThePMLservermainlystorestheoriginalinformationofeachmanufacturer'sproducts(includingproductEPC,productname,producttype,manufacturer,origin,dateofmanufacture,expirationdate,whetheritisacomplexproduct,maincomponents,etc.),andthepathinformationoftheproductinthesupplychain(includingunitrole,unitname,warehousenumber,readernumber,time,city,readerusageandtimefields,etc.)andinventoryinformation.2.DesignReasonsforPMLServer TheInternetofThingsisalayerofcommunicationnetworksuperimposedontheInternet.ItscoreisElectronicProductCode(EPC)andRFID-basedelectronictags.Theelectronicproductcodeisaunique,identifiableidentificationcodeassignedbytheAuto-IDResearchCenterforeachproduct.Itusesastringofnumberstorepresenttheproductmanufacturerandproductcategory,alongwiththeserialnumberoftheproducttouniquelyidentifyeachAspecificproduct.Theproductelectroniccodeisstoredinanelectronictag.TheultimategoaloftheInternetofThingsistoestablishaglobal,openidentificationstandardforeachitem.Itsdevelopmentnotonlyenablesreal-timetrackingofgoods,butalsosupportsusersbyoptimizingtheentiresupplychain,thuspromotingtherapididentificationofautomaticidentificationtechnology,developingandsignificantlyimprovingthequalityoflifeofconsumersaroundtheworld.PMLserver022.DesignReasonsforPMLServer

InordertoreducethecostofelectronictagsandpromotethedevelopmentoftheInternetofThings,thememorycapacityofelectronictagsmustbeminimized.ThedesignofPMLserversprovidesaneffectivesolution:onlystoreelectronicproductcodesintheelectronictags,andtheremainingproductdataisstoredinthePMLserverandcanbeaccessedbyitscorrespondingproduct'selectronicproductcode.PMLserver023.TheBasicPrincipleofthePMLServerTheschematicdiagramofthePMLserverisshowninFigure8-38.ThePMLserverprovidesastandardinterfaceforauthorizeddatareadandwriteaccesstofacilitateaccessandpersistentstoragemanagementofdataassociatedwithelectronicproductcodes.Itusesthephysicalmarkuplanguageasanintermediatemodelforeachvendor'sproductdatarepresentationandisabletoidentifyelectronicproductcodes.Thisserverismanagedbyeachvendorandstoresalltheinformationaboutitsproducts.IntheimplementationofthePMLserver,therearetwoveryimportantconcepts:electronicproductcodeandphysicalmarkuplanguage.Figure8-38SchematicdiagramofthePMLserver02PMLserverEPCtagRadiofrequencyReaderSavantserverONSserverPMLserverProductinformationDBDBIP4.PMLServerEncoding1)EPCisaKeytoAccessDatainthePMLServer

IntheInternetofThings,theelectronicproductcodeistheidentityoftheproduct.ThecodingstandardforelectronicproductcodesiswithEAN.AnewgenerationofcodingstandardscompatiblewithUCCcoding,combinedwiththecurrentGTIN.Althoughthemanufacturerandproducttypecanbeknownfromtheelectronicproductcode,theelectronicproductcodeitselfdoesnotcontainanyspecificinformationabouttheproduct,justasthebankaccountandpasswordaretheonlykeystoquerythepersonaltransactionrecord,andtheelectronicproductcodeisalsoakeytoaccessthedatainthePMLserver.TheelectronicproductcodeistheonlyinformationstoredintheelectronictagandhasbeensupportedbythemainsupervisorybodiesofthetwointernationalstandardsUCCandEAN.Thegoalistoprovideauniqueidentifierforthephysicalobject.02PMLserver4.PMLServerEncoding2)PMLisanExchangeLanguageforCommunicatingProductData

ThephysicalmarkuplanguageasacommunicationlanguagedoesnotstipulatethatspecificproductdatamustbestoredlocallyinPMLfiles,nordoesitneedtoindicatewhichdatabasewillbeused,nordoesitindicatethenameofthetableordomaininwhichthedataisultimatelystored.Butitisexpectedthatmanycompanieswillcontinuallystoreproductdataintheirrelationaldatabase,becausethestabilityofthisdatabaseisrelativelygood,andcanachievequitecomplexqueriesusingSQL,includingmulti-conditionqueryandfilterquery.However,whenexchangingdatawiththeoutsideworld,theyuseatranslationlayertomarktheoutputdatainastandardPMLformat.02PMLserver5.TheMainFunctionofthePMLServer (1)Storageofreal-timepathinformation:Whentheproductpassesthroughthesupplychainmembernodeandiscapturedbyitsreader,thestatusinformationatthistimeiscollectedandimmediatelytransmittedtothePMLservercorrespondingtotheproductthroughtheproductEPCforqueriesforlocationtrackingorotherpurposes.02PMLserver (2)Productpathinformationquery:Itrealizesthetrackinganddisplayofthepathinformationofeachmembernodeofthesupplychainfromthemanufacturer,distributor,wholesaler,retailertoenduser.Throughelectronictags,real-timetrackingofproducts,productlogisticscontrolandmanagement,sothatmemberscanspeculateonthesourcechannelsofproductsaccordingtotheproductpath,anddeterminetheauthenticityoftheproducts,atthesametime,canalsoflexiblyadjusttheirowninventory,greatlyimprovetheoperationalperformanceofthesupplychain.5.TheMainFunctionofthePMLServer02PMLserver (3)Productoriginalinformationinquiry:ItismainlyusedtoinquiretheoriginalinformationoftheproductEPCcorrespondingproductswhenleavingthefactory.Thisinformationcanbecombinedwiththepathinformationasanimportantmeasureforproductanti-counterfeiting.5.TheMainFunctionofthePMLServer02PMLserver6.PMLServerWorkflow（1） Originalinformationquery:firstselecttheEPCoftheproducttobequeried(therearetwochoicemethods,oneis“manualselection”,thatis,manuallyselecttheproductEPCfromthelocaldatabase;oneis“automaticselection”,thatis,thereaderreadstheEPCoftheproducttobequeried.),thenperformthequeryoperation,calltheclientSOAPrequestor,theSOAPrequesterfirstperformssomegeneralSOAPprotocolsettings,suchastheremoteobject'sURI,thecalledmethodname,theencodingstyle,themethodcallparameters,andthensendtheRPCrequests,andfinallyperformssomeregularprocessingonthesuccessorfailureofthecall;aftertherequestisissued,theSOAPprotocolwrapstheparametersintoanXML-basedSOAPmessagedocumentaccordingtotherequest.02PMLserver（2） SincebothTomcatandSOAParedevelopedintheJavalanguage,theJavaruntimeenvironmentneedstobeconfiguredontheserverside.AftertheTomcatserverlistenstotheclientrequest,itfirststartstheJavavirtualmachine.Thenparsing,verifying,andsendingtherequesttotheSOAPengineafterconfirmation.6.PMLServerWorkflow02PMLserver（3） ApacheSOAPistheregistryforserver-sidehandlers.AfterreceivingtherequestfromtheTomcatserver,SOAPfirstparsestheXML-basedSOAPmessagedocumentsentbytheclient,andthenlocatesthecorrespondingprocessingaccordingtotheURIoftheremoteobjectinthedocument,thecalledmethodname,theencodingstyle,andtheparametersofthemethodcall.Theserver-sideprogramcorrespondingtotheoriginalinformationqueryisgetInforFromEpcStringEPC.6.PMLServerWorkflow02PMLserver（4） Eachhandlerontheserversideisforaspecificclientrequest.Itcompletestherequestbyinteractingwiththedatasource,suchasgetInforFromEpcStringEPCandparseAndPrintStringEPCtocompletetheoriginalinformationqueryfunction.getInforFromEpcStringEPCfirstchecksiftheparameterEPCisempty.Ifitisempty,itreturns.Otherwise,itcallsparseAndPrintStringEPC.ThismethodsearchesthecorrespondingPMLfileaccordingtoEPC,parsesthePMLfile,andthenextractsthecorrespondinginformation,andthenalltheinformation.TheinformationisplacedinavectorandpassedtotheSOAPengine.TheSOAPenginethenpassessomeprocessingsuchasencodingandpassesittotheclientfordisplay.6.PMLServerWorkflow02PMLserver（5） Storageofdata.Datasourcesareprimarilyusedfordatastorage.AccordingtothefunctionofthePMLserver,theinformationitprovidesisdividedintotwocategories,namelyinternalinformationandexternalinformation.ExternalinformationmainlyreferstotheinformationrequiredbythePMLservertoprovideservices.Thistypeofinformationisdividedintotwotypes,namely,theoriginalinformationwhentheproductleavesthefactoryandthepathinformationoftheproductthroughthesupplychain.ThisinformationisdescribedinPMLvocabulary,storedintwodifferenttypesofPMLfiles,andtheXMLSchemaisusedtospecifytheelementsandattributesofeachtypeoffile.Inadditiontotheabovetwokindsofinformation,theinternalinformationincludesinventoryinformation,whichisstoredinthedatabaseforinternalqueryandbackup.6.PMLServerWorkflow02PMLserver7.TheMainAdvantagesofPMLServer (1)SincetheSOAPprotocolisusedforcommunicationinteraction,theproblemthattwodifferentsystemsmustexecutethesameplatformorusethesamelanguageissolved,andanopenstandardsyntaxisusedtoperformconvenientcalls.SOAPusesHTTPastheunderlyingcommunicationprotocol.RPCactsasaconsistentcall.XMLasaformatfordatatransferallowsserviceprovidersandserviceclientstocommunicateinteractivelyovertheInternetviaafirewall. (2)SincetheproductdataisplacedonthePMLserverandthecorrespondingdatacanbeaccessedthroughtheelectronicproductcode,thecapacityoftheelectronictagcanbeminimized,therebyreducingthecost,layingthefoundationforthedevelopmentofacheap,freelyusablelabelforlarge,lowcost. (3)SincePMLisusedasthelanguagefordescribingproductinformation,inthetheNcompetinglanguages,therebyavoidingtheproblemofN×NconversionbetweeneachapplicationtoaspecificindustrialfieldinNcompetinglanguages.02PMLserver8.ProblemsWiththePMLServer(1)Ageneralconversionprogramisnotimplemented.Inthissystem,allquerydataisstoredinPMLfiles,andtheadvantagesofrelationaldatabaseshavenotbeenfullyutilized.1(3)Therearefewconsiderationsregardingdatasecurity.SincetheinformationinthePMLserverisnotopentoallusers,itisnecessarytousedifferentaccessrightsfordifferentdata.3Duetothelargenumberoffreeandopensourcehighqualitydatabasesoftwareandtools,therearemanydeveloperswhoproposemanynewPMLserversolutions.TheintroductionofthesenewPMLserversolutionswillpromotethecontinuousdevelopmentoftheInternetofThings.02PMLserver(2)Theobjectnamingserver(usedtolocatethePMLservercorrespondingtoanelectronicproductcode,whosedesignandarchitecturearebasedontheInternetdomainnameresolutionDNS)isonlyimplementedbythedirectoryqueryinthelocalareanetwork,sothespecificityisnotconsidered.2PMLdesign03 Theproductsinreallifearerichanddiverse,anditisdifficulttoobjectivelydescribeeachobjectinaunifiedlanguage.However,naturalobjectshavecommoncharacteristics,suchasvolume,weight,time,andcommonalityinspace.Forexample,althoughapplesandorangesbelongtocrops,andfreshorangesaremostlyprocessedproductsoforanges,theyallbelongtofoodandbeverages,andsomerelatedinformation(suchasproductionplaceandshelflife)willnotchange.Therefore,thesenaturalobjectscanbedesignedusingthePMLlanguagedescribingtheobjectinformationcarrier. 1)DevelopmentTechnology.PMLusesexistingstandards(suchasXML,TCP/IP)tostandardizesyntaxanddatatransfers,andusesexistingtoolstodesignPMLapplications.PMLneedstoprovideasimplespecificationthatallowsthesolutiontobereliablytransmittedandtranslatedwithouttheneedforconversionthroughalabelingscheme.PMLprovidesasinglerepresentationofalldataelements.Iftherearemultiplemethodsforencodingdatatypes,PMLonlychoosesoneofthem,suchasdateencoding.PMLdesign032)DataStorageandManagementPMLisonlyusedtodistinguishinformationwhensendinginformation.Theactualcontentcanbestoredinaserver(SQLdatabaseordatatable)inanyformat,thatis,itisnotnecessarytostoreinformationinPMLformat.Enterpriseapplicationscanmaintaindatainexistingformatsandprograms,suchasAaplet,whichcanselectthenecessarydatafromtheInternetviaONS.Foreaseoftransfer,thedatawillbereformattedinaccordancewiththePMLspecification.ThisprocessissimilartoDHTML,whichalsoreformatsanHTMLpagebasedonuserinput.Inaddition,aPML"file"maybeacollectionoffilesandtransferprocessesfrommultipledifferentsources,becausethedistributednatureinherentinthephysicalenvironmentallowsPML"files"toactuallyintegratemultiplePMLfragmentsfromdifferentlocationsinpractice.PMLdesign033)DesignStrategyPMLisnowdividedintotwomainparts:PMLCore(PMLCore)andPMLExtension(PMLExtension).AsshowninFigure8-39,thePMLcoredistributesinformationobtainedfromtheAuto-IDunderlyingdevice,suchaslocationinformation,componentinformation,andothersensinginformation,usingaunifiedstandardvocabulary.Sincethislevelofdataisnotavailablebeforeautomaticidentification,itmustberepresentedbythedevelopmentofaPMLcore.PMLextensionsareusedtointegrateinformationthatcannotbegeneratedbyAuto-IDunderlyingdeviceswithinformationfromothersources.ThefirstimplementationofthePMLextensionincludesavarietyoforchestrationandprocessstandardsthatenabledataexchangetooccurwithinandbetweenorganizations.Figure8-39PMLcoreandPMLextension03PMLdesignLocationInfo.SensingInfo.CompositionInfo.PMLcorePMLextensionGoodsInfo.PMLbusinessexpansionProcessingrelatedInfo.OtherPMLextensionFigure8-40SchematicdiagramofPMLasacommonlanguageformutualcommunication03PMLdesignRFIDtagReaderApplicationsRemoteEPCISLocalEPCISEPCdata OneofthebiggestbenefitsoftheEPCsystemistheautomatictrackingoftheflowofobjects,whichisveryhelpfulfortheproductionandmanagementoftheenterprise.ThroughthecirculationofPMLinformationintheEPCsystem,itcanbeseenthatthemostimportantroleofPMLisasacommoninterfacefordifferentpartsoftheEPCsystem,acommoncommunicationlanguagebetweenSavant,third-partyapplications(suchasERP,MES),andPMLserversthatstorecommodity-relateddata.Theexamplesareasfollows.

Atruckwitharefrigeratorwastakenoutofthewarehouse,andthereaderatthedoorofthewarehousereadtheEPCtagattachedtotherefrigerator.Atthistime,thereadertransmittedthereadEPCcodetothesuperiorSavantsystem.AfterreceivingtheEPCcode,theSavantsystemgeneratesaPMLfileandsendsittotheEPCISserverorenterprisemanagementsoftwaretoinformtheshipmentthattheshipmenthasbeenplaced.04PMLdesignPML的应用04ThePMLdocumentforthisinstanceisasfollows:<pmlcore:Observation><pmlcore:DateTime>20070712150434</pmlcore:DateTime><pmlcore:Tag><pmluid:ID>urn:epc:56</pmluid:ID><pmlcore:Data><pmlcore:XML><EEPROMxmlns=’/’><FamilyCode>12</Familycode><ApplicationIdentifier>123</ApplicationIdentifier><Block1>FFA00456F</Block1><Block2>58433791</Block2></EEPROM></pmlcore:XML></pmlcore:Data></pmlcore:Tag><pmlcore:Observation>ThePMLdocumentofthisexampleissimple,flexible,diverse,andreadableandunderstandabletothehumaneye.1In