初一.初二英语时态讲解与练习

初一、初二英语时态讲解与练习句子的时态是通过动词的变化来表现的，通过观察一个动词的不同形式可以看出句子的时态，表明发生的时间。有些时态可以通过时间状语来确定，有些则根据常识来确定。一、一般现在时表示方法：主语除了三单以外的人称用动词原形，主语是三单（he,she,it,人名、物名）时，动词的表示方法与名词的复数形式是一样的，即动词的三单。动词的三单变化：一般在动词后加-S；以s,X,0,sh,ch结尾的加es;以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i,再加es;以f,fe结尾的变f,fe为v,再加es。哪些情况下用一般现在时1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often,usually,always,seldom,every...,sometimes,everyday/morning/Sunday,onSunday等时间状语。例如：Hegoestoschooleveryday.他每天去上学。Heisveryhappy.他很开心。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球围绕太阳转。（特性）2）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如：Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we'llhaveameeting.如果你今天下午过来，我们将开个会。WhenIgraduate,I'llgotocountryside.毕业后我要去乡下。3）有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等。例如：Themeetingbeginsatseven.会议七点开始。Therainstartsatnineinthemorning.上午九点开始下雨。4）表示状态和感觉的动词（be,like,hate,think,rememberfind,sound等）常用一般现在进行时。IlikeEnglishverymuch.我非常喜欢英语。Thestorysoundsveryinteresting.这个故事听起来很有趣。总的说：表示习惯、爱好、频率（经常、总是、偶尔）、规律、事实动词用一般现在时。动词的一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句1）be动词的一般现在时am,is,are否定句：在am,is,are加not一般疑问句：把am,is,are提到句首Iamateacher.I'mnotateacher.Areyouateacher?Sheisabeautifulgirl.Sheisn'tabeautiful.Issheabeautifulgirl?Theyarecarefulstudents.Theyaren'tcarefulstudents.Aretheycarefulstudents?2）实意动词的一般现在时肯定句：主语除了三单以外的人称用动词原形，主语是三单he,she,it,人名、物名）时,动词的表示方法与名词的复数形式是一样的，即动词的三单。否定句：三单在动词原形前加doesn't,其余人称加don't疑问句：一般在句首加Do,三单在句首加Does后动词还原。IlikeEnglish.Idon'tlikeEnglish.DoyoulikeEnglish?MymotherteachesEnglish.Mymotherdoesn'tteachEnglishDoesyourmotherteachEnglish?二、一般过去时的用法表示方法：用动词的过去式表示动词的过去式的表示方法：be动词的过去式：was,were实意动词的过去式：一般在动词后加-ed;以e结尾的加-d,以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed,以重读闭音节结尾的双写末尾的辅音字母加ed.特殊的动词的过去式如take-took等要记忆。哪些情况下用一般过去时1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow,once等。例如：Wheredidyougojustnow?刚才你上哪儿去了？2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。3）在时间状语从句中，由when引导从句的瞬间性动词用一般过去时，主句常用过去进行时。IwaswatchingTVwhentherainstormsuddenlycame.（瞬间性动词）Benwashelpinghismommakedinnerwhentherainbegantobeatheavilyagainstthewindows.（瞬间性动词）4）注意：情态动词用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。例如：could,wouldCouldyoulendmeyourbike?你的自行车，能借用一些吗？重点学习一下，usedto/beusedtousedto+do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：Motherusednottobesoforgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。Scarfusedtotakeawalk.斯卡夫过去常常散步。beusedto+doing对……已感到习惯，或'习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。典型例题----Yourphonenumberagain?Iquitecatchit.----It's69568442.A.didn'tB.couldn'tC.don'tD.can't答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。一般过去时的否定句和疑问句was,were的否定句直接在后面加not,疑问句把was,were提前。实意动词的否定句在动词原形的前面加didn't,疑问句在句首加Did后动词还原。Shewasateacherthreeyearsago.Shewasnotateacherthreeyearsago.Wassheateacherthreeyearsago?IwatchedTVyesterdayevening.Ididn'twatchTVyesterdayevening.DidyouwatchTVyesterdayevening?三、一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式“will或shall+动词原形”；表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事，或某种迹象表明将要发生某事，其表达形式“begoingto+动词原形”。常用的时间状语tomorrow（morning/afternoon/evening）；nextyear/month/weekLookatthecloudsinthesky!Itisgoingtorain.要下雨了。（迹象）Wearegoingtohaveameetingtoday.我们今天要开个会。（打算）C.WewillhaveameetingnextSunday.（将来）在When,assoonas,if等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，时态是主将从现。例如：Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we'llhaveameeting.如果你今天下午过来，我们将开个会。WhenIgraduate,I'llgotocountryside.毕业后我要去乡下。C.IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinBeijing.四、现在进行时1■表示方法：am/is/are（助动词）+v-ing（现在分词）否定句：am/is/are+not+v-ing疑问句：把am/is/are提到句首现在分词的构成一般在动词后口-ing如:work--working，sleep--sleeping，study--studying;以e结尾的去e力口ingtake--taking，make--making，dance--dancing;重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加-ingcutcuttingputputtingbeginbeginning以-ie结尾的动词，把变成y再加-inglielyingtietyingdiedying现在进行时的用法1）现在或当前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作，常用的时间状语now，其它词如：look,listen等。Sheiswateringtheflowers.Aretheyworkingnow?Theyarelisteningtotheteacher.2）always用在现在进行时中，表示表扬、批评、抱怨、责备等口吻。Theyarealwayscomparingthemwithotherchildren.Heisalwayshelpingotherswhentheyareintrouble.3）有些动词即趋向性动词用现在进行时表示将来。这些动词是：come,go,leave,plan,等。Iamleavingtomorrow.IamgoingtoSingaporenextweek.五、过去进行时1.表示方法：was/were（助动词）+v-ing否定句：was/were+not+v-ing疑问句：把was/were提到句首过去某一时刻或某一段正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语histimeyesterday,atteno'clockyesterday,atthattime，whenhecameback等。.Wewerereadinginclassthistimeyesterday用于when,while引导的时间状语从句中.Iwasdrawingapicturewhentheteachercamein.Aron'sarmwascaughtundera2000-kilorockthatfellonhimwhenhewasclimbingbyhimselfinthemountains.(延续性动词)Whileyouweresleeping,IcalledJennyandshehelpedme.Ben'sdadwasputtingpiecesofwoodoverthewindowswhilehismomwasmakingsuretheflashlightsandradiowereworking.六、现在完成时现在完成时的表示方法：have/has(助动词)+动词的过去分词否定句：have/has(助动词)+not+动词的过去分词疑问句：把have/has提到句首。动词的过去分词的构成方法一般的和动词的过去式的变化是一样的，特殊的需要记忆。过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的副词或时间状语already，just，before，never，ever,forthreeyears，since1990，thesedays表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态I'vealreadypostedtheletter.Wehaveknowneachotherfortenyears.Theylivedheresince1997.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?2.havebeento与havegoneto的区另Llhavebeento表示去了某地已经回来了，havegoneto表示去了某地还没有回来I'mverytiredbecauseIhavejustbeentoLondon.--WhereisMissSmith?--Shehasgonetothelibrary.练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空：1．Heswimmingintherivereverydayinsummer.(go)Ityouareright.(seem)Look,thechildrenbasketballontheplayground.(play).HetotheradiowhenIcamein,(listen).Itisverycold.Ithinkit.(rain)—Ineedsomepaper.—Isomeforyou.(bring)Ican'tfindmypen.Whoit?(take)Imybike,soIhavetowalktoschool.(lose)Hedownandbegantoreadhisnewspaper.(sit)withyouifIhavetime.(go)11.Wewillgotothecinemaifittomorrow.(rain)willtellherthenewswhenshetoseemenextweek.(come)willtellherthenewswhenshetoseemenextweek.(come)“Whenyouthecar?”“In1998.”(buy)Wegoodfriendssincewemetatschool.(be)Whatyouatfiveyesterdayafternoon?(do)Thebikeisnice.Howmuchit?(cost)二、选择最佳答案填空()1.We'llgoswimmingiftheweatherfinetomorrow.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.isgoingtobe()2.ItfiveyearssincehehasleftforBeijing.A.wasB.havebeenC.isD.isgoingtobe()3.Pleasedon'tleavetheofficeuntilyourfriendback.A.cameB.comesC.havecomeD.willcome()4.IwilltellhimassoonashebackA.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.came()5.Maryonshoeswhenshethem.A.tries・・・buysB.tries…buiesC.trys…buysD.trys…buies()6.Listen!Someoneinthenextroom.A.criedB.cryingC.iscryingD.hascried()7.Youmusttellhimthenewsassoonasyouhim.A.seeB.seesC.willseeD.isseeing()8.WetotheGreatWallseveraltimes.A.goB.weregoingC.havegoneD.havebeen()9.Asshethenewspaper,Grannyasleep.A.read,wasfallingB.fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell()10.HeusuallyTVonSundayevening.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.iswatching()11.We'llgotoplaywithsnowifittomorrow.A.snowB.snowsC.willsnowD.snowed()12.TheYoungPioneerwaterfortheoldmaneveryday.A.carryB.bringC.takesD.carries()13.Someareintheriverandsomeare_games.A.swimming…playingB.swimming*plaiingC.swimming…IplayingD.swimming・・・plaing()14.Look!TheboystudentsarefootballwhilethegirlsareA.playing…danceB.playing…dancingC.play…dancingD.play…dance()15.Hetodohislessonsateighteveryevening.A.isbeginningB.isbeginningC.beginD.begins()16.he_____onwellwithhisfriendsthisterm?A.Does・・・getsB.Does・・・getC.Is・・・gettingD.Is・・・geting()17.MrSmithshortstories,butheaTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting・・・iswritingB.iswriting…writesC.writes…iswritingD.writes…writes()18.yououtforawalkaftersupper?Yes,I.A.Did・・・went・・・wentB.Did…go…wentC.Did…went…didD.Did…go…did()19.Jack_____onwithhisworkortohavearest?A.Did…went…stoppedB.Did…go…stopC.Did…went…stopD.Did…g