甘肃省天水市、兰州市2023届高三英语下学期一模考试试题

甘肃省天水市、兰州市2023届高三英语下学期一模考试试题第I卷第一局部阅读理解〔共两节，总分值40分〕第一节〔共15题；每题2分，总分值30分〕阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C和D〕中，选出最正确选项。ATylerwasborninfectedwithHIVandhismotherwasalsoinfected.Fromtheverybeginningofhislife,hewasdependentonmedications(药物)toenablehimtosurvive.Whenhewasfive,hehadatubesurgically(外科手术上)insertedinavein〔静脉〕inhischest.Thistubewasconnectedtoapump,whichhecarriedinasmallbackpackonhisback.Medicationswereconnectedtothispumpandwerecontinuouslysuppliedthroughthistubetohisbloodstream.Attimes,healsoneededsupplementedoxygentosupporthisbreathing.Tylerwasn'twillingtogiveuponesinglemomentofhischildhoodtothisdeadlydisease.Itwasnotunusualtofindhimplayingandracingaroundhisbackyard,wearinghisbackpackanddragginghistankofoxygenbehindhiminhislittlewagon〔小推车〕.AllofuswhoknewTylerwereamazedathispurejoyinbeingaliveandtheenergyitgavehim.Tyler'smomoftenmadejokesonhimbytellinghimthathemovedsofastsheneededtodresshiminred.Thatway,whenshepeeredthroughthewindowtocheckonhimplayingintheyard,shecouldquicklyspothim.Thisterriblediseaseeventuallyworehimdown.Hegrewquiteilland,unfortunately,sodidhisHIV-infectedmother.Whenitbecameclearthathewasn'tgoingtosurvive,Tyler'smomtalkedtohimaboutdeath.ShecomfortedhimbytellingTylerthatshewasdyingtoo,andthatshewouldbewithhimsooninheaven.Afewdaysbeforehisdeath,Tylerbeckoned(召唤)meovertohishospitalbedandwhispered,"Imightdiesoon.I'mnotscared.WhenIdie,pleasedressmeinred.Mompromisedshe'scomingtoheaven,too.I'llbeplayingwhenshegetsthere,andIwanttomakesureshecanfindme."1.WhydidTylerwearabackpackonhisbackwhenhewasyoung?A.Becausehismothergaveittohimasagift.B.Becausehehadnorighttochoosebuttowearit.C.Becausehewantedtobedifferentfromtheotherkids.D.Becausetherewasapumpinit,whichcouldhelpwithhisdisease.2.Tyleraskedthewritertodresshiminredwhenhediedinorderto.A.showredishisfavoritecolor.B.seethewriteragaininthehospital.C.makehismotherrecognizehimeasily.D.persuadehismothertokeepherpromise.3.What’sTyler’sattitudetowardsdeath?A.Excited.B.Fearful.C.Doubtful.D.Optimistic.4.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusbywritingthispassage?A.Evenachildcanteachusalot.B.Patientsshouldbetreatedwithrespect.C.Peopleshouldhavegreatcouragetofacetheproblems.D.WeshouldtryourbesttohelpthosewhoareinfectedwithHIV.BWecanachieveknowledgeeitheractivelyorpassively.Weachieveitactivelybydirectexperience,bytestingandprovinganidea,orbyreasoning.Weachieveknowledgepassivelybybeingtoldbysomeoneelse.MostofthelearningthattakesplaceintheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVorreadnewspapersormagazinesispassive.Conditionedaswearetopassivelearning,it’snotsurprisingthatwedependonitinoureverydaycommunicationwithfriendsandco–workers.Unfortunately,passivelearninghasaseriousproblem.Itmakesustendtoacceptwhatwearetoldevenwhenitislittlemorethanhearsay〔传闻〕andrumor.DidyoueverplaythegameRumor?Itbeginswhenonepersonwritesdownamessagebutdoesn’tshowittoanyone.Thenthepersonwhispersit,wordforword,toanotherperson.Thatperson,inturn,whispersittostillanother,andsoon,throughallthepeopleplayingthegame.Thelastpersonwritesdownthemessagewordforwordasheorshehearsit.Thenthetwowrittenstatementsarecompared.Typically,theoriginalmessagehaschanged.That’swhathappensindailylife.Thesimplefactthatpeoplerepeatastoryintheirownwordschangesthestory.Then,too,mostpeoplelistenimperfectly.Andmanyenjoyaddingtheirowncreativetouchtoastory,tryingtoimproveonit,stampingitwiththeirownpersonalstyle.Yetthosewhohearitthinktheyknow.Thisprocessisalsofoundamongscholarsandauthors:Astatementofopinionbyonewritermayberestatedasfactbyanother,whomayinturnbequotedbyyetanother;andthisprocessmaycontinue,unlessitoccurstosomeonetoquestionthefactsonwhichtheoriginalwriterbasedhisopinionortochallengetheinterpretationheplaceduponthosefacts.5.Accordingtothepassage,activelearningmayoccurin.A.readingscientificjournalsB.listeningtotheteacherinclassC.doingachemicalexperimentD.watchingnewsprogrammesonTV6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it〞inParagraph2referto?A.classroomB.newspapersC.activelearningD.passivelearning7.ThegameRumorismentionedinParagraph4inordertotellreadersthat.A.playinggamescanmakepeoplemoreactiveB.peopletendtoliketellinglieswhenplayinggamesC.amessagemaybechangedwhenbeingpassedonD.peoplemayhaveproblemswiththeirsenseofhearing8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Scholarsandauthorscan’tbetrusted.B.Passivelearningmaynotbereliable.C.Peoplelikespreadingrumorsindailylife.D.ActivelearningismoreImportantthanpassivelearning.CFourgreatrailwayjourneysTravellingbyrailholdsaromanticandold-fashionedappealthatcan’tbematchedbyflyingordriving.Bytakingtheslowroute,yougettoexperienceandinteractwithanareainacompletelydifferentway.TheRockyMountaineerWhere:Canada,fromVancouvertoBanff,JasperandCalgary.When:InJune,whichisspringtimeintheRockies,completewithbloomingflowersandabundantwildlife.Duration:betweentwoandeightdays,travellingonlyindaylight,stayinginluxuryhotels.Highlights:SplendidviewsofRockymountains,incredibleluxuryateverystageofthetrip,traditionalnativestorytelling,wineclassesandnaturalhistoryworkshop.TheChepeWhere:Mexico.ItbeginsitsjourneyinthemountainsofChihuahuaandfinishesontheSinaloacoast.When:Intherainyseason,fromJunetoOctober,you’llgetlushvegetation(丰富的植被)andbloomingcacti(仙人掌),althoughmid-summer(July)temperaturescanreach44°C.Duration:Doingtheroutestraightthroughtakes14hours,butyou’llwanttostopoffovernightandexploretraditionaltownsalongtheway.Highlights:Thetrainwindsitswaydownthrough656kmofthespectacularCopperCanyon(whichisdeeperthantheGrandCanyon),over37precarious-lookingbridgesandthrough86tunnels.Localpeoplesellcraftsandfoodsalongtheroute.TheGhanWhere:Australia,fromAdelaidetoDarwinviaAliceSprings.When:Goingduringthewetseason(December,January)willallowyoutoseemorewildlifeandtropicalsplendourinthenorth,thoughpeakseasonisusuallythewinter.Duration:Goingstraightthroughtakes52hours.Therearedisembarkationpoints〔登陆点〕fromwhichyoucantaketours.Highlights:GoingthroughAustralia’sRedCentrewithcobalt-blueskies,redearthandnotmuchelse–abeautifulandserene〔宁静的〕experience.TheRoyalScotsmanWhere:TravelsaroundtheScottishHighlandsorallthewayaroundGreatBritain.When:Warmerweatherandupto20hoursofdaylightinJunemakesittheperfecttimetowatchospreyssoaring(鱼鹰飞翔)overmirror-likelochs〔湖〕,orgoinOctoberforautumncoloursandtherathervocalstag-ruttingseason.Duration:Tripscanbeasshortastwodaysoraslongasseven.Highlights:Possiblythemostexpensivetrainjourneyintheworld.You’llbetreatedlikeamemberofthemonarchy〔皇室〕.Indulgent〔放纵的〕cuisine,finewinesandcarriagesthatlooklikeroomsatBalmoralCastleawaitthosewillingtopartwithaminimumof£2350perpersonforatwo-nighttrip.9.Whichoneofthefollowingjourneyhastheshortestduration?A.TheChepe.B.TheGhan.C.TheRockymountaineer.D.TheRoyalscotsman.10.Visitorsmayhavetheopportunitytotrysomewinein.A.TheRoyalscotsmanandTheChepeB.TheRoyalscotsmanandTheGhanC.TheRockymountaineerandTheChepeD.TheRockymountaineerandTheRoyalScotsman11.IfaChinesefamilywantstohaveatravelduringtheSpringFestival,whichonewouldbesuitableforthem?A.TheChepe. B.TheGhan.C.TheRockymountaineer.D.TheRoyalscotsman.DMostepisodesofabsent-minded-forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom-arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,saysSchacter.“You’resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven’tencodeditdeeply.〞Encoding,Schacterexplains,isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituation.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocket,forexample,anddon’tpayattentiontowhatyoudidbecauseyou’reinvolvedinaconversation,you’llprobablyforgetthatthephoneisinthejacketnowhanginginyourwardrobe(衣柜).“Yourmemoryitselfisn’tfailingyou,〞saysSchacter,“Rather,youdidn’tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.〞Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.“Amanwhorecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsago,〞saysZelinski,“maynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox.〞Womenhaveslightlybettermemoriesthanmen,possiblybecausetheyaremoreinterestedinwhat’shappeningaroundthem,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.Visualcues(提示)canhelppreventabsent-mindedness,saysSchacter.“Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable,〞hecautions.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakeamedicationwithlunch,putthebillbottleonthekitchentable-don’tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.Anothercommonepisodeofabsent-mindedness:walkingintoaroomandwonderingwhyyou’rethere.Mostlikely,youwerethinkingaboutsomethingelse.“Everyonedoesthisfromtimetotime,〞saysZelinski.Thebestthingtodoistoreturntowhereyouwerebeforeenteringtheroom,andyou’lllikelyremember.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“episode〞inParagraph1probablymean?A.Experiences.B.Experiments.C.Expressions.D.Feelings.13.Accordingtothepassage,womenhavebettermemoriesthanmenprobablybecause.A.theyhaveawiderrangeofinterestsB.theyalwaysputthingswheretheywereC.theypaymoreattentiontotheirenvironmentD.theyprefertowritenotestotellthemwhattheyshoulddo14.Whatcanhelppreventabsent-mindednessaccordingtoSchacter?A.Writingnotes.B.Takingsomemedicine.C.Puttingsomethinginsight.D.Returningtowhereyouwere.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AWayofRecalling.B.TheImportanceofEncoding.C.CuresforAbsent-mindedness.D.CausesofAbsent-mindedness.第二节〔共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分〕根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatmakespeoplesuccessful?Takealookaroundandtalktoyourfriendsandseniorswhoareverysuccessful,youwillseeallofthemhaveadoptedcertainvalueswhichhaveprovedimportantfortheirsuccess.Itisevidentthatsuccessfulpeopletakeinitiative(主动性).Whentheyfindsomethingneedstobedone,theyneverhesitatetodoit.16.theyweighimmediatelywhathastobedoneandthendoitwithpleasurethusstrengtheningtheirreputation.Successfulpeopledothingswithgreatenthusiasm,especiallywhentheybelieveinwhattheyaredoing.Theyaremotivatedbytheirownsatisfactionandthejoytheygetfromdoingtheirwork.17.Theydonotfearfailure.Failuresanddisappointmentsinlifeareunavoidable.18.Successfulpeoplepickthemselvesupafterafallandtryagainwithmoredeterminationandcommitmentandlearnfromeachfailure.Theyassociatewiththosetheycanlearnfromandenjoythecompanyofthoseappreciatingtheirachievement.HavinggoodIQoftengetsapersonwhathewantsbutit’sreallytheEQthatkeepshimthereandhelpshimenjoyahighreputation.19.Bygivingrespecttoothers,theycommandrespectforthemselves.20.It’sbettertopraiseothersandwinfavorwiththem.Soinsteadofcomplainingaboutasituation,successfulpeoplealwaystrytosolveit.A.SuccessfulpeoplenevercomplainB.Successfulpersondon’tmakeexcuses.C.TheyworkhardevenwhennooneiswatchingD.Theybelievethatresponsibilityistaken,notgivenE.it’sfailurethatteachesusmuchmorethansuccessF.It’shardtobesuccessfulifyoudon’ttrustthepeoplearoundyouG.Successfulpeoplearepolitetoeveryoneandtreatotherswithrespect第二局部英语知识运用〔共两节，总分值45分〕第一节完形填空〔共20小题；每题1.5分，总分值30分〕阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C和D〕中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。Whenyourchildissupposedtobedoinghomework,aretheychattingwiththeirfriendsonFacebookorplayinggames?Manystudieshaveshownthatmultitaskingdoesn’t21,22yourchildisprobablyproudlyclaimingtheycandotenthings23!Manypeoplebelievethattheycan24twoormoretasksatthesametime,butDr.EdwardHallowellsaysthisis25.Therealityisthatmultitasking26poorjobperformance.Newhand-held27suchassmartphones,iPads,gamesandsocialnetworkingsitesmakeitveryeasytomultitaskand“attention28〞leadingtodifficultyfocusingonthetask29,suchaslisteningintheclassroomordoinghomework.“30,thebrainactually31kidsformultitaskingeventhoughWhenyourchildissupposedtodoinghomeworkperformanceoneverytaskgetsworseandworse.Kidsdon'tknowthattheyaredoing32becausetheyfeelbetterwhentheymultitask,〞saysDrEdwardHallowell.33theappearanceofhand-helddevicesandsocialnetworkingsites,teachershavenoticedadifferencein34performance,criticalthinkingskillsandhowinformationis35.“Multitaskingpreventspeoplefromgainingadeepunderstandingoftheinformationtheyaretryingtolearn,〞saysDrEdwardHallowell.Kidshaveadifficulttimestickingwitha〞difficulttounderstand"topicand36toallowthemselvestobedistracted(分散的),totuneoutandswitch37toFacebookorusingtheircellphones38workingharderatunderstandingadifficultsubjectorproblem.Inthelong39,multitaskingaffectsgrades.OnestudyshowedthatkidsthatusetheInternetwhileinclassdid40ontestsresultinginlowergrades.21.A.playB.understandC.useD.work22.A.onlyifB.eventhoughC.sothatD.nowonder23.A.atonceB.rightawayC.innotimeD.atrandom24.A.advocateB.dealC.performD.prefer25.A.impossibleB.importantC.impatientD.impolite26.A.resultsinB.resultsfromC.existsinD.existsfrom27.A.designsB.discoveriesC.equipmentD.evidence28.A.attractB.drawC.payD.share29.A.athandB.ontimeC.onscheduleD.attimes30.A.UncertainlyB.UnfortunatelyC.UniversallyD.Undoubtedly31.A.remainsB.rewardsC.regardsD.reflects32.A.betterB.wellC.badD.worse33.A.SinceB.BeforeC.WhenD.While34.A.accidentalB.accurateC.accessibleD.academic35.A.producedB.processedC.possessedD.promoted36.A.tendB.attendC.intendD.pretend37.A.outB.onC.offD.over38.A.exceptforB.ratherthanC.morethanD.apartfrom39.A.runB.walkC.journeyD.distance40.A.hardlyB.successfullyC.poorlyD.mildly第二卷第二局部英语知识运用〔共两节，总分值45分〕第二节〔共10小题；每题1.5分，总分值15分〕阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容〔1个单词〕或括号内单词的正确形式。Mandarin(普通话)Chineseisthemost41(use)non-Europeanlanguageforchildrentolearn,UKparentsbelieve.Itwillboost(促进)theirchildren’scareerprospects(前景),accordingto51%ofparents,while56%feltitwouldopentheirchildren’sminds42an“excitinganddynamic〞culture.ArabicandJapanese,43werebothpickedby14%ofparents,weretheotherkeynon-Europeanlanguages.Thefiguresweregainedafter1,138UKadultswithchildrenagedunder1844(be)questionedinasurvey45(conduct)bytheMandarinExcellenceProgramme(MEP).French,SpanishandGermanwerethetopchoicesoverallforyoungpeopleintheUK46(learn)afterbeingpickedby57%,54%and40%ofparentsrespectively.MarkHerbet,oftheBritishCouncil,said:“Withtheglobaleconomy47(become)moreinterconnectedandthedrivetoboostexports,languageskillsareincreasinglyimportantforworkandlife.MandarinChineseisoneofthe48(language)thatmattermosttotheUK’sfutureprosperity(繁荣).IftheUKistoremaincompetitiveontheworldstage,weneedfarmoreofouryoungpeopleleavingschoolwithagoodgraspofMandarininorderto49(success)workab