国际贸易-支付手段研究课件

payment1Chapter5Payment

©王善论payment2§5.1InstrumentofPayment汇票BillofExchange,Draft本票PromissoryNote支票Cheque/Check票据©王善论payment3汇票BillofExchangeDefinition(Section3,BillofExchangeAct,1882,UK)Anunconditionalorderinwritingaddressedbyoneperson(Drawer)toanother(Drawee)signedbythepersongivingit(Drawer)requiringthepersontowhomitisaddressedtopayondemand,oratafixedordeterminablefuturetimeasumcertaininmoneyto,ortotheorderof,aspecifiedperson,ortoanybearer(Payee)©王善论payment5©王善论payment6©王善论payment7©王善论payment9汇票的种类出票人的不同商业汇票commercialdraft银行汇票

banker’sdraft付款时间的不同即期汇票sight(demand)draft

远期汇票time(usance)billcertaindaysaftersightcertaindaysafterthedateofdraft(afterdate)certaindaysafterthedateofB/Lfixeddate承兑人的不同商业承兑汇票commercialacceptancedraft银行承兑汇票banker’sacceptancedraft是否随附货运单据光票cleandraft跟单汇票documentarydraft©王善论payment10汇票的使用出票draw限制性抬头:Pay…Co.only/notnegotiable指示性抬头:Pay…Co.ororder持票人或来人抬头:Paybearer/holder提示presentation–见票sight承兑提示presentationforacceptance付款提示presentationforpayment承兑acceptance付款

payment背书

endorsement限制性背书，空白背书，特别背书拒付dishonour追索recourse©王善论payment11本票PromissoryNote,P/N本票的定义（《票据法》第73条）本票是出票人签发的，承诺自己在见票时无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或持票人的票据。本票的必备内容（《票据法》第76条）

表明“本票”字样无条件支付的承诺确定的金额收款人的名称出票日期出票人签章©王善论payment13©王善论payment14支票Cheque/Check支票的定义支票是以银行为付款人的即期汇票。支票的必备内容（《票据法》第85条）表明“支票”字样无条件的支付委托确定的金额付款人的名称出票日期出票人签章支票的种类©王善论payment15©王善论payment17©王善论payment18©王善论payment19【CaseStudy5-1】甲交给乙一张经付款银行承兑的期票，作为向乙订货的预付款，乙在票据上背书后转让给丙以偿还原欠丙的借款，丙于到期日向承兑银行提示取款，恰遇当地法院公告该行于当天起进行破产清理，因而被退票。丙随即向甲追索，甲以乙所交货物质次为由予以拒绝，并称已于10天前通知银行止付，止付通知及止付理由也已通知了乙。在此情况下丙再向乙追索。乙以票据系甲开立为由推诿不理。丙遂向法院起诉，被告为甲、乙与银行三方。你认为法院将如何判决？©王善论payment21BasicTermsofPaymentPaymentbeforeshipmentCWO(cashwithorder)CIA(cashinadvance)PaymentaftershipmentO/A(openaccount)factoringforfaitingCAD(cashagainstdocuments)documentarycollectiondocumentarycreditCOD(cashondelivery)©王善论payment22汇付Remittance汇付方式的当事人汇款人remitter-buyer汇出行remittingbank汇入行receivingbank，解付行payingbank收款人payee-seller汇付的种类信汇mailtransfer,M/T电汇telegraphictransfer,T/T票汇remittancebybanker’sdemanddraft,D/D©王善论payment23汇付的业务流程©王善论payment25托收CollectionDefinitionCollectionmeansthehandlingbybanksoninstructionsreceivedoffinancialdocuments/commercialdocuments,inordertoobtainacceptance/payment,ordelivercommercialdocumentsagainstacceptance/payment,ordeliverdocumentsonothertermsandconditions.

（URC522Art.2）托收是指债权人（出口人）出具债权凭证（汇票等）委托银行向债务人（进口人）收取货款。©王善论payment26Partiestocollection委托人principal-seller(drawer)托收申请书托收行remittingbank

托收委托书代收行collectingbank提示行

presentingbank付款人payer-buyer(drawee)需要时的代理principal’srepresentativeincaseofneed©王善论payment29《托收统一规则》URC522,UniformRulesforCollection,ICCPublicationNo.5221958/192,1967/254,1978/322,1996/522全文共26条，分为总则、托收的方式与结构、提示方式、义务与责任、付款、利息和手续费及其它费用、其它规定7个部分。本规则的适用银行的义务与免责运输单据不应以银行或其指定人为收货人避免使用远期付款交单拒付后单据的处理©王善论payment30托收的性质与作用商业信用风险分析托收方式下的融资托收出口押汇托收进口押汇信托收据trustreceipt,T/RD/P•T/R©王善论payment31托收的注意事项进口方的资信状况国外代收行的指定贸易术语的使用（CIF/CIP）慎用使用远期付款交单及承兑交单运输方式的选择及运输单据的出具方式©王善论payment32【CaseStudy5-3】我某外贸公司与某国A商达成一项出口合同，付款条件为D/P45天付款。当汇票及所附单据通过托收行寄抵进口地代收行后，A商及时在汇票上履行了承兑手续。货抵目的港时，由于用货心切，A商出具信托收据向代收行借得单据，先行提货转售。汇票到期时，A商因经营不善，失去偿付能力。代收行以汇票付款人拒付为由通知托收行，并建议由我外贸公司直接向A商索取货款。

©王善论payment33LetterofCreditDefinitionCreditmeansanyarrangement,howevernamedordescribed,thatisirrevocableandtherebyconstitutesadefiniteundertakingoftheissuingbanktohonouracomplyingpresentation.(UCP600Art.2)信用证是一种银行开立的有条件的付款承诺的书面文件。©王善论payment34PartiestoaDocumentaryCreditThepartiesare:IssuingbankConfirmingbank,ifany,andBeneficiaryOtherpartieswhichfacilitatetheL/Care:Applicant

AdvisingbankNominatedbanknegotiatingbankpayingbankaccepting/draweebankTransferringbankReimbursingbank,clearingbank©王善论payment35信用证的业务流程©王善论payment36SellerBeneficiaryIssuingBankNominatedBankBuyerApplicantS/CdocumentspaymentAdvisingBankL/CProcessofLetterofCredit©王善论payment37信用证的收付程序①订立合同②申请开证③开证④通知⑤审证，改证⑥装运，制单，交单⑦议付/承付，索偿⑧偿付⑨付款赎单，提货©王善论payment39信用证的内容信用证本身的说明信用证的种类、编号开证日期、到期日及到期地点、交单期信用证的当事人汇票条款支付货币与金额货物条款装运条款单据条款附加条款其他事项©王善论payment40信用证的特点信用证是一种银行信用UCP600Art.2primaryandindependentliabilityCondition:paymentagainstthedocumentspresentedbythebeneficiaryinstrictcompliancewiththecreditLimit:withintheperiodandamountstipulatedinthecredit信用证是一项自足文件UCP600Art.4:

Acreditbyitsnatureisaseparatetransactionfromthesaleorothercontractonwhichitmaybebased.信用证是一种单据买卖UCP600Art.5:

Banksdealwithdocumentsandnotwithgoods,servicesorperformancetowhichthedocumentsmayrelate.

严格相符原则thedoctrineofstrictcompliance©王善论paymentItisonlyinexceptionalcasesthatthecourtswillinterferewiththemachineryofirrevocableobligationsassumedbybanks.Theyarethelife-bloodofinternationalcommerce...Exceptpossiblyincasesoffraudofwhichthebankshavenotice,thecourtswillleavethemerchantstosettlethedisputesunderthecontractsbylitigationorarbitration…Thecourtsarenotconcernedwiththeirdifficultiestoenforcesuchclaims;theseareriskswhichthemerchantstake.KerrHarbottle(Mercantile)Ltd.v.NationalWestminsterBankLtd.(1978)©王善论payment42信用证的作用对出口商的作用保证出口商凭单取得货款融资Pre-shipmentfinance:打包贷款packingcreditPost-shipmentfinance:出口押汇(vs.议付)对进口商的作用保证进口商付款后可获得货运单据融资开证进口押汇对银行的作用低风险，高收益©王善论payment43《跟单信用证统一惯例》UCP600,UniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits,ICCPublicationNo.6001929/74，1933/82，1951/151，1962/222，1974/290，1983/400，1993/500，2006/600全文共39条Fulltextisavailableat©王善论payment44OtherICCrulesrelatedwithL/CISBP-InternationalStandardBankingPracticefortheExaminationofDocumentsunderDocumentaryCredits,ICCPublicationNo.681URR725-ICCUniformRulesforBank-to-BankReimbursementsunderDocumentaryCredits,ICCPublicationNo.725ISP98–InternationalStandbyPractice,ICCPublicationNo.590eUCP–SupplementtoUCP600forElectronicPresentation(v.1.1)DOCDEX–ICCRulesforDocumentaryInstrumentsDisputeResolutionExpertise,ICCPublicationNo.811©王善论payment45SWIFTCategory7:DocumentaryCreditsandGuaranteesMT700/701IssueofadocumentarycreditMT707AmendmenttoadocumentarycreditMT710/711Adviceofathirdbank’soranon-bank’sdocumentarycreditMT720/721TransferofadocumentarycreditMT734AdviceofRefusalMT750AdviceofdiscrepancyMT752Adviceofpayment/acceptance/negotiationMT795QueriesMT796AnswersMT799Freeformatmessage©王善论payment46信用证的种类是否随附货运单据光票信用证cleancredit

跟单信用证documentarycredit付款时间即期信用证sightL/CSWIFTMT70042C:draftatsight远期信用证usanceL/CSeller’susanceL/CBuyer’susanceL/C（假远期信用证）©王善论payment47是否保兑保兑信用证confirmedL/CSWIFTMT70049:confirm/mayadd非保兑信用证unconfirmedL/CSWIFTMT70049:without缄默保兑silentconfirmationUCP600Art.2DefinitionConfirmationmeansadefiniteundertakingoftheconfirmingbank,inadditiontothatoftheissuingbank,tohonourornegotiateacomplyingpresentation.

Confirmingbankmeansthebankthataddsitsconfirmationtoacreditupontheissuingbank’sauthorizationorrequest.

UCP600Art.8ConfirmingBankUndertaking©王善论payment48兑用方式(UCP600Art.6Availability)议付信用证negotiationL/CSWIFTMT70041a:availablewithxxbankbynegotiationUCP600Art.2:Negotiationmeansthepurchasebythenominatedbankofdrafts(drawnonabankotherthanthenominatedbank)and/ordocumentsunderacomplyingpresentation,byadvancingoragreeingtoadvancefundstothebeneficiaryonorbeforethebankingdayonwhichreimbursementisduetothenominatedbank.

即期付款信用证sightpaymentL/CSWIFTMT70040a:availablewithxxbankbypayment一般无需汇票延期付款信用证deferredpaymentL/CSWIFTMT70040a:availablewithxxbankbydeferredpayment一般无需汇票承兑信用证acceptanceL/CSWIFTMT70040a:availablewithxxbankbyacceptance©王善论payment49可否转让(UCP600Art.38)可转让信用证transferableL/CSWIFTMT70040A:irrevocabletransferable

不可转让信用证non-transferableL/C背对背/转开信用证back-to-backL/CPrimary/mastercreditSecondary/babycredit预支信用证anticipatoryL/C(redclauseL/C)循环信用证revolvingL/C按时间循环automaticrevolvingperiodicrevolving(semi-automaticrevolving)noticerevolving(non-automaticrevolving)按金额循环cumulativerevolvingnon-cumulativerevolvingTransferrableCreditpaymentP/CS/C1stbene2ndbeneTransferrableCreditTransferredCreditpayment51CargoBack-to-backCreditpayment52P/CS/CMasterCreditBabyCreditpayment53CargoAssignmentofProceedspayment54P/CS/CAssignorAssigneepayment55Cargo©王善论56备用信用证

standbycredit所需单据的类型索款要求demandforpayment可以是汇票或其它指示、命令或付款要求违约或其它提款事由的声明StatementofDefaultorOtherDrawingEvent适用规则《国际备用证惯例》ISP98,InternationalStandbyPractices,ICCPublicationNo.590©王善论standbycredit57备用信用证的种类履约备用证PerformanceStandby预付款备用证AdvancePayment

Standby投标备用证BidBond/TenderBondStandby反担保备用证CounterStandby融资备用证FinancialStandby直接付款备用证DirectPayStandby保险备用证Insurance

Standby商业备用证CommercialStandby©王善论guarantee58银行保函

Banker’sLetterofGuarantee银行保函的种类有条件保函conditionalL/G见索即付保函demandguarantee适用规则《见索即付保函统一规则》URDG458,UniformRulesforDemandGuarantee[1992]《联合国独立担保与备用信用证公约》UNConventiononIndependentGuaranteesandStand-byLettersofCredit[1995]©王善论factoring59

国际保理

International

Factoring国际保理的定义保理商(factor)通过收购债权而向出口商提供信用保险或坏账担保、应收账款的代收或管理、贸易融资中的至少两种业务的综合性金融服务业务，其核心内容是通过收购债权方式提供出口融资。©王善论factoring60相关机构及规则FactorsChainInternational,FCIGRIF,GeneralRulesforInternationalFactoring[2007.11]InternationalFactorsGroup

ConventiononInternationalFactoring[1988]©王善论61国际保理的业务流程

（1）额度申请与核准（2）出单与融资（3）催收与结算©王善论creditinsurance62出口信用保险定义出口信用保险是国家为推动外贸出口，保障出口企业收汇安全而制定的一项由国家财政提供保险准备金的非赢利的政策性保险业务。承保对象和风险范围承保对象：出口企业的应收帐款承保风险：主要是人为原因造成的商业信用风险和政治风险©王善论creditinsurance63保险机构中国出口信用保险公司

主要险种短期出口信用保险

特定买方保险

统保保险

信用证保险

特定合同保险

买方违约保险

中长期出口信用保险

出口买方信贷保险

出口卖方信贷保险

©王善论payment65国家风险分析报告

——中国出口信用保险公司

2005.12风险等级

亚洲欧洲美洲大洋洲非洲1瑞士

2日本、新加坡

德国、英国、法国、荷兰、西班牙、意大利

澳大利亚、加拿大、美国

34韩国

5印度

墨西哥

南非

6越南、巴基斯坦、哈萨克斯坦

巴西

7伊朗、土耳其、老挝

俄罗斯、罗马尼亚

牙买加、委内瑞拉、阿根廷

阿尔及利亚、坦桑尼亚

8缅甸

厄瓜多尔

尼日利亚、苏丹、刚果（布）、赞比亚

9刚果（金）、津巴布韦

©王善论payment66【CaseStudy5-4】我某出口企业收到国外开来不可撤销信用证1份，由设在我国境内的某外资银行通知并加以保兑。我出口企业在货物装运后，正拟将有关单据交银行议付时，忽接该外资银行通知，由于开证银行已宣布破产，该行不承担对该信用证的议付或付款责任，但可接受我出口公司委托向买方直接收取货款的业务。对此，你认为我方应如何处理为好？

©王善论payment67【CaseStudy5-5】某出口企业收到一份国外开来的不可撤消即期信用证，正准备按信用证规定发货时，突然接开证行通知，声称开证申请人已经倒闭。对此，出口企业应如何处理？©王善论payment68§5.3PaymentClause选择结算方式的考虑因素安全vs.

成本客户信用外汇风险货物属性市场行情经营意图贸易术语交货方式Know-whoisevenmoreimportantthanknow-how!Trytoholdthetitletoyourgoodsaslongasyoucanbeforeyougetpaid!©王善论payment69不同结算方式的结合使用信用证与汇付相结合信用证与托收相结合预付款与托收相结合托收与备用信用证或银行保函相结合……©王善论70SocietyforWorldwideInterbank

FinancialTelecommunication

环球银行财务电讯协会，该组织于1973年由西欧、北美的200多家银行联合发起成立，总部设在布鲁塞尔。专门从事传递各国之间的非公开性的国际财务电讯业务，为国际财务业务提供快捷、准确、优良的服务。©王善论71SWIFT电讯的特点格式化和规范化。SWIFT电讯业务包括客户汇款和支票、银行头寸调拨、外汇买卖和存放款托收、证券、贵金属和辛迪加、跟单信用证和保函、银行支票、银行账务、电报等十大类，各类业务根据具体情况，分为若干种电讯格式(messagetype,MT)。安全可靠。每一份电讯都得到SWIFT的发妥或未发妥证实，电脑对收发序号严格控制。SWIFT可自动完成编押、核押工作。高速度，低费用。SWIFT的线路速度为普通电传的48~192倍，每份电讯的费用为普通邮件的2/3左右，为电传的1/7。©王善论72收款通知MT910金融机构头寸调拨的执行MT205单笔普通金融机构头寸调拨MT202将单笔头寸调拨至自己帐户的金融机构汇款MT200客户汇款MT100格式名称MT©王善论73SWIFTMTforDocume