德勤：2023年科技、媒体和电信预测报告

Foreword3Telecoms4ateacrowdedskyAccessibleispossible:IntroducingtheUS$995Gsmartphone12transformenterpriseconnectivity18Semiconductors24betterchipsfaster,cheaper,andmoreefficiently25surgeahead,handlingthevoltsthatwouldfrysiliconchips32nuclearenergytonewheights39Screensandmedia45Livesports:Thenextarenaforthestreamingwars53ontotheset59inannualsales65VRcontent71Technology77emergingenterpriseedgecomputingmarket78sarepushingtechleaderstowardfasterclimateaction85Mergersandacquisitions95consolidation,portfolioplays,andgametech96andtelecommaybouncebackstrongly1013Doingmorewithless—economicandotherfactorsshiftbothconsumerandnginnewdirectionsrrcesanygchndrandergeesbyestingytingtoanArianeBucailleGlobalTechnology,Media&TelecommunicationsindustryleaderGlobalTechnologysectorleaderMedia&EntertainmentsectorleaderTelecoms45rbitLEOsatellitebroadbandconstellationswouldbeeitherarevolutionrbitLEOsatellitebroadbandconstellationswouldbeeitherarevolutionorjustabunchofspacejunk.1Threeyearslater,itstillisn’tentirelyclearwhichitisbutalotofcompaniesarebettingontheformerDeloitteGlobalpredictsthatmorethan5,000broadbandsatelliteswillbeinLEObytheendof2023,makinguptwoworkingconstellationsprovidinghighspeedinternettonearlyamillionsubscribersonallpartsoftheplanetnomatterhowremote.Lookingfurtherout,ifeveryorganizationcurrentlyplanningtobuildaLEOconstellationsucceedssevento0competingnetworkscouldbeoperationalby2030,withatotalofto50,000satellitesservingmorethan10millionendusers.DoingchoreographyTheanticipatedsurgeinsatellitebroadbanddeploymentsspellsgoodnewsforusers.Itislikelythatnewapplicationswillemerge,priceswilldeclinecoverageandreliabilitywillimprove,andlatencywillfall.ButseveralcomplicationscouldslowtheindustrydownAmuchmorecrowdedorbitalenvironmentsignificantlyraisestheriskof6nsollisionsrequiringhigherlevelsofcooperationandcoordination.Atthesametime,thevariousnational,regional,andglobalplayerswilllikelycontinuetofightoverspectrum,orbitalslots,launchcapacity,andaccesstoterrestrialmarkets.Amongthemajorcompetitors:SpaceXsStarlinkMorethan2,600workingarlinksatellitesservingalmosthalfamillionsubscribersarecurrentlyinorbitBeyondtypicalconsumeruseStarlinkhasdemonstrateditsutilityforemergencyservicesinanumberofrecentnaturaldisasters.3MultipleairlineshavebegunxploringandtestingthesystemforhighspeedinflightinternetaccessSpaceXalsoreceivedFCCpprovaltoprovidemobileconnectivityforboatslanesandothervehiclesfulfillingoneofthecompanysearlypromises5Amazon’s(Project)Kuiper:Althoughnoneofitsplanned36satellitesarecurrentlyinorbit,Amazonannouncedamultibillion-dollaragreementwiththreeprovidersinApril2022tolaunchmostofthesesatellitesoverfiveyears.6ButAmazonwillneedtohurry:Itmusthavehalfofitssatellitesinplaceby2026andtheentireconstellationinorbitby029,oritwillloseitsFCCauthorization.OneWebMorethantwothirdsofUK-basedOneWebsplannedsatellitesarecurrentlyinorbitandthecompanyisaimingtostartglobaloperationsbytheendof23.7OneWebalsorecentlycombinedwithFrance-basedEutelsatinaUS$3.5billiondeal.8ThecombinedcompanyintendstofocusonenterpriseandgovernmentconnectivitybyintegratingEutelsatsgeostationarysatelliteswithOneWebsLEOnetwork.9AdditionalplayersincludeCanada’sTelesat,whichplanstostartlaunchingits188-satelliteLightspeednetworkin2025.10AnotherisTelco-backedASTSpaceMobile,whichisplanningaconstellationofatellitesthatwillallowmobiledevicestoconnectdirectlytoitsLEOnetwork.11AndChina,aspartofanationalplanlaunchedsixtestsatellitesinMarchfortheprivatefirmGalaxySpaceChinasnetworkmayeventuallycontainupto13,000satellites.12Thebigchallengeforthesecompanies?Keepingtheirsatellitesoutofharm’sway.Spacesurveillancenetworkscurrentlytrackmorethanorbitingobjects,includingmorethan6,000operatingsatellites3OntopofthatareanimatedhundredsofthousandsofuntrackedebrisfragmentsrangingfrompiecesofdestroyedatellitestopaintflecksTokeepsatellitesfromcollidingwitheachotherandfrombeingstruckbydebrisitsnecessarytoknowwhereallthoseobjectsareinrealtimeandwithgreatprecision,asciplineknownasspacesituationalawarenessiseffectivespacetrafficmanagementSTMthatisrobusttechnicalandregulatorystandardsaroundlaunchingoperatingandreturningsatellitestoEarth.14EOThischallengeisdrivingthecreationandgrowthofnewmarketsPrimeamongtheseiscommercialSSAwhichwhilenichetodaycouldgrowtoUSbillionby2032.17SSAprovidersarebuildingacombinationofground-andspace-basedsensorsalongwithpowerfulcomputermodelstotrackobjectsinspaceandpredicttheirorbitalpaths.18Awell-developedcommercialSSApabilitycouldaugmentgovernmentdataandfeedatrustedcommonoperatingpicture.ThismarketcanbehelpedbythefundingoftheUSCommercewhichwillworktotakeafficmanagementresponsibilitiesasearlyas2024.197orbitsatelliteservicingandspacedebrisremovalcouldalsoreceiveaboostfromLEOsatelliteconstellationsInspacedebrisremoval,aspecializedsatelliterendezvouseswithadeadsatelliteorobjectcapturesit,andpushesitintoadifferentorbitortheatmospheretosafelyburnup.Severalproofofconceptspacedebris-removalmissionshavealreadyoccurred20andmanymoreareplannedinthecomingyears1In-orbitsatelliteservicingaimstoprolongsatellitelifeAservicingvehiclecouldrefuelasatellitetoextenditsusefulnessor,ifamalfunctionoccurs,swapoutaparttoavoidhavingtoscrapthewholething.Theindustry-ledConsortiumforExecutionofdezvousandServicingOperationsCONFERSiscurrentlyworkingtodevelopstandardsforthisemergingindustry.228nser9ghtFiothervehiclesuly9.LowEarthorbit(LEO):Anorbitbetween160and2,000kilometersabovetheEarth.LowEarthorbitshaveashortorbitalperiodapproximatelytominutesandarecommonlyusedforremotesensing,humancommunicationSatellitesinthisorbitcanonlycommunicatewithasmallportionofthefaceWithamuchwiderviewoftheEarththisorbitisgoodforimagerycommunications,andweathersatellites,tescanprovideglobalcoveragerentandsmallsatellitesnewtopicstobeitesresponsibleforoverhalfofcloseencountersinorbitscientistns022.July2022.022.mcommunicationsDeloitteServicesLPHehasmorethanyearsofexperienceinthetechnologyindustryandisapassionateexpertandeducatorfocusedonthefutureofourdigitalsociety.ballyrecognizedgymediatelecommunicationsesentsregularlyatconferencesandtocompaniesonmarketingtechnologyconsumerookhomeentertainmentbroadcastingoverthetoppublishingamesAuditpracticeinFrance.Shehasmorethan20yearsofexperienceandisacharteredandcertifiedrcontributingwiththeirinsightsandexpertisetothischapter.nsAccessibleispossible:IntroducingtheUS$995Gsmartphone5GphonesunderUS$100aresettobringadvancedaccesstoanykindofsmartphoneatallaccesstoanykindofsmartphoneatallletaloneonewithGFormanythecosthasbeenthemajorbarrier—untilnow.DeloitteGlobalpredictsthat2023willseethelaunchofthefirstGsmartphonesretailingatUS99oritsequivalentinothercurrencies.Thesephoneswilllikelyrepresentaverysmallshareof2023smartphonesales,buttheyshouldeventuallymakeGaccessibletoalmostallconsumersinalmostallmarkets,accelerating5G’sadoptionaroundtheworld.BuildingphonesischeaperAUS$99smartphonemayseemfar-fetchedtoconsumersindevelopedeconomieswhomightpayupwardsofUS$1,000fortop-of-the-linemodels.Butdevicesatthislowpricepointalreadyexist.In2022,84millionphonescostinglessthanUS$100willhaveshipped,48%toAsia(excludingChina),8%toChina,11%toLatinAmerica,and8%toAfrica.1.roducingtheUSGsmartphone.nUSDmAhmAhonwithCCSInsightandCounterpointResearchAllofthesephonesareeither3G-or4G-capable,andDeloitteGlobalsanalysisofsmartphonecomponentcostsshowsthatitsentirelypossibletobuildasimilar5Gdevice.AUS$995GphonemaybesimilarlysizedtoaUSmodelbutitwouldhavenotablydifferentcomponentsalowenddisplay,asingle-lenscameraalowpowerprocessor,andmodeststoragecapacityThebillofmaterials(BoM),shippingandassemblyforsuchaphonecouldcostaslittleasUSin023(figure1),thankslargelytothecostofGcapablemicroprocessorsfinallyfallingbelowUS$20perunit.Businessoperationcostssuchassalesandmarketing,facilities,andenergyusagecouldaddatleastanotherUS$40perdeviceThataddsuptoUS$127…butsomecompanieswithastrongsetofcellular,services,andcontentofferingswouldlikelysubsidizethedifferencetoenableaGsmartphonetosellforastickerpriceofUS$99oritsequivalent.Beyondfurtherfallsincomponentpricesshouldmakesubsidiesunnecessary.Clearlysmartphonevendorscan’tcountonsubsidizedsalesofultra-cheapphonestoturnaofitFortunatelymanyhavecreatedrevenueeamsbeyondupfrontphonesalesthroughoutthepastdecade:•Preinstalledapps.AsmartphonevendorcanchargeathirdpartydevelopertopreloadtheirapplicationsInthepastvendorswouldchargedevelopersonaperdevicebasisbutperformancebasedpaymentwheredynamicpreloadsmeasurehowappsareactuallyusedoncethesmartphoneisactivatedisnowmorecommonFortheappdeveloperthismakespreinstallsaviablealternativetoonlineadvertisementswhichoperateonacostperinstall(CPI)paymentmodel.TheCPIforanAndroidphone,forinstance,averagesUS$1.22,whetherornottheusereveropenstheapp.2ns•Advertisements.Indevelopedmarkets,it’sseenotificationsthatpromotesystemsarounddevicessuchasaudioearbudsandsmartwatches.ThoughsellersofthesekindsofproductswouldbeunlikelytotargetbuyersofaUS$99phone,othertypesofaniesmayfindsmartphoneadstobejustthethingLocalnewsstoriescanbeserveduptificationsforexamplewiththesmartphonevendorgeneratingmoneyfromclick-throughs.MobiletelcoswiththeirownplicationsandserviceswhichcanincludeamingcloudstoragefilmandTVnewshealthshopping,music,finance,andmore—areprimecandidatesforsuccesswithUS$99GphonesContentrevenueshavealreadylowedsometelcosindevelopingmarketstoprovideremarkablesubsidiesonlow-costownbrandGsmartphones.AddtothattheirrevenuefromcompulsorydataandcallingplansviaSIMlockandthesetelcoscouldfinditeconomicallysensibletosubsidizetheirbrandeddevicesevenfurther.•Appstorecontrol.InmanycountriesandonmanysmartphonesthesmartphoneplatformiOSorAndroid,dictatestheappstorethatcustomersuse.ButinChina,manysmartphonevendorssuccessfullyoperatetheirownappstores,generatingrevenuefromappsalesandin-apppurchases.Thisrevenueallowsthemtooffersubsidiestosellthedevicesthemselvesforupto40%lessthanthesamedevicewouldcostelsewhereintheworld3Thepotentialmarket,intermsofnumbers,ishuge.ThefirstcompanytolaunchaUS5Gdevice,beitasmartphonevendorormobiletelco,willgainprestigeandareputationforequityinbringingnext-generationtechnologytothelesswealthy.ThesephonesarelikelytolaunchinChinafirsttakingadvantageofthecountry’snear-ubiquitousGcoverageinmetropolitanareasTheywillmostlikelybedesignedandshippedbyasmartphonevendorutilizingitsownappstoreandservicestosellthehardwareataloss.EmergingmarketssuchassubSaharanAfricaandSoutheastAsiawillfollowcloseonChinasheelsIndevelopingregionssuchasAfricawithoutasignificantGpresence,manytelcosaimtodeployamassofGsmartphonesfirstbeforebuildingouttheirnetworkinfrastructuresByfutureproofingthephonesthattheircustomersuse,thesetelcoscouldmaketheirGnetworksmoreprofitableondayoneThelackofcheap5Gsmartphoneswithwhichtopursuethisstrategyhasbeenamajorreasonwhytelcosintheseareashaveheldbackfromdeploying5Gnetworks.4ButwithUS$995Gphonesjustaroundthecorner,thebusinesscasefortelcoscouldbetransformational—mainlybecausecarryingagigabyteofdataischeapervia5Gnetworktechnologythan4G.roducingtheUSGsmartphoneormanyarketeavyeirbillInclegehingoranynns1.Canalysestimatesandforecasts,SmartphoneAnalysis.Forexample,seepricecomparisonofXiaomi12Pro5GinChina(US$652)andFrance(US$1102),correctasofkdoubledcreditapplicationroducingtheUSGsmartphoneamingWebandthemetaverse.komssectorellofTrustonicGarikaiMatamboStefanusvanderMerweAndronicahntfordofDeloitteAfricaandKirtiKhattriofDeloitteIndiafortheircontributionstothischapter.ns5G’spromisedlandfinallyarrives:5GstandalonenetworkscantransformenterpriseconnectivitycentriccapabilitiesGstandalonecentriccapabilitiesGstandalone(SA)etworksarepoisedtodrivedisruptivechangethatcouldmakepreviousadvancesinwirelesstechnology(2G/3G/4G)appearincremental.Whilethenumbersarefluid,DeloitteGlobalexpectsthenumberofMNOsinvestinginGSAnetworkswithtrialsplanneddeployments,oractualrollouts—todoublefrommorethan100operatorsin2022toatleast200bytheendof2023.TheseMNOsareontheleadingedgeofhelpingtounlockGslongheraldedbenefits,openingthedoortodisruptiveusecasesthatcanroductivityenhanceoperationalefficiencyincreasecostoptimizationandcreaterevenueportunitiesforbothMNOsandtheirterprisecustomersally5GNSA5GSAnetworksnshitecturesGhenMNOsfirstbeganimplementingGwirelessnetworksinmostoptedtodeploy5Gradiosontopoftheirexisting4G/LTEcorenetworkinfrastructureinsocallednonstandalone(NSA)eploymentsTheseearlyNSAnetworkploymentsprimarilytargetedconsumerswhouldimmediatelyenjoyfasterspeedsandhighertaratesthroughenhancedmobilebroadbandMBBwhenforexamplestreaminghighresolutionvideoontheirsmartphonesButtosupportGsmorecompellingfeatures,acompletemigrationtoSAnetworkswithGradiosrunningontopofaGcorenetworkinfrastructureisnecessaryThisisbecauseGSAenablestwoadditionalarchetypalGusecasesbeyondeMBB2thatcouldbekeytounlockingvalueinanrprisesetting•MassiveInternetofThings(mIoT),whichlesaveryhighdensityofconnecteddevicesuptomilliondevicespersquarekmwhileuringquickandseamlesscommunicationhemhighnetworkreliabilityandultra-lowlatenciesmillisecondorlessUltimately5GSAnetworkscouldhelpachieveandvirtualizednetworkarchitecturewithcloud-nativeorchestration,networkfunctions,andmanagementsystemsthatworkconsistentlyfromcoretoedgewithcarrier-gradequality.ThisunifiedplatformwouldofferMNOsmanyperationalbenefitsincludinggreaternetworkformanceefficiencyandfasterservicedeliveryandinnovationcycles.GSAsbigattractionforMNOsarethenewerviceandrevenueopportunitiesitcreatesAlongwithnear-zerolatencyandmassivedevicedensity,GSAenablesMNOstoprovidecustomers—specificallyenterprisecustomersaccessatscaletofiberlikespeedsmissioncriticalreliability,preciselocationservices,andtailorednetworksliceswithguaranteedservicelevels.Armedwiththesenewcapabilities,enterprisescanbeginexploringabroaderrangeofleading-edgeapplicationsandbusinessusecases,possiblyincludingself-drivingvehicles;precisionrobotics;droneinspectionanddeliveryservices;andAI-drivensecurity,qualitycontrol,andpredictivemaintenancesystems.Whyhasn’t5GSAbecometheindustrystandardreadyBecausedeployingSAnetworksinvolvesmultiplesimultaneousinitiativesthatrequireclosecoordinationandintegrationacrosstechnology,operational,andorganizationaldomains.5GSAinvolvesMNOsmigratingcorenetworks,essentiallythenetwork’s“brains,”frommonolithicardwarecentricinfrastructuretonewlightweightmodular,virtualized,andcloud-basedarchitecturesTodothis,existingnetworks—includinghighlycomplexorchestration,operationalandbusinesssupportsystemsaswellasnetworkfunctionswouldneedtobedecomposedrecast,andrewrittenintosoftwarethatcanoperateinvariouscloudenvironmentswithcarrier-gradeperformance.Moreover,thesenewcoresystemswouldhavetofullyintegratewithotherelementsoftheend-to-endnetwork,includingedgeradioaccessnetworks,whichareundergoingtheirowntransformation.Theseupgradesinvolvemanycriticalstrategicthatcansignificantlyimpactfutureoperatingandcapitalcostsbusiness,operating,andorganizationalmodelsandpotentialrevenuegrowthandprofitabilityForinstanceonehotlydebatedtopiciswhetherMNOsshoulddeploycorenetworksonpubliccloudsorbuildandoperatetheirowncloudinfrastructure.WhileprivateonpremisedeploymentsgiveMNOsmorecontroltypicallyrequiresignificantupfrontinvestmentandarelessscalablePubliccloudsofferareadybuiltscalablecloudplatformbutcancreatechallengesinmeetingreliabilityanddataprivacyrequirements.Hybridapproachesmaybeanoptionbutmanagingmulticloudenvironmentstendstobehighlycomplex.AnothersignificanthurdleforMNOsmayinvolvetransitioningtheirworkforceandmethodstowardmoreentrepreneurialagile,andsoftware-orientedprocessesneededtooperate5GSAnetworkseffectivelyThepotentiallyprofoundimpactofthistransitiononemployeerolesandresponsibilities,cultureandmindsetsandoverallwaysofworkingshouldnotbeunderestimated.icultiesmigrationtoSAseemsinevitableImplementingGSAispartoftheGPPsGroadmap,butmoreimportantly,MNOscouldbehard-pressedtocompeteiftheydontThedistinctadvantagesthatMNOscangainfromGSAoverNSAarchitecturesinclude:Reducedcomplexityandcost.SinceSAcanommultipleaccesstechnologiestheycaneffectivelyconvergefixedandwireless,voiceanddata,consumerandenterprise,or4Gtrafficonasinglenetworksimplifyingandreducingthecostofoperatingmultiplenetworks.Flexibilityandscalability.SA’scloud-basedreoffersMNOsmoreflexibilitytolocateandmanagecorenetworkfunctionswhereverneededtohelpdeliveragreatcustomerexperience,whetherinthecloud,inmultipleclouds,atthenetworkedge,inaprivatedatacenter,orinsomecombinationSAnetworksarealsoeasiertoscale,whichisimportanttosupportthefuturedevelopmentofhundredsoreventhousandsofedgelocationsarisingfromthegrowingtrendtowarddistributed(edge)computing.4Responsivenesstodemand.Manyof5GSA’snewfeaturesarepossiblebecauseitusesaonsistentprogrammableplatformknownasservicebasedarchitecturethatenablesMNOstoseamlesslymanagedistributedlocationsasasingleifiednetworkThisallowsSAnetworkstonotonlyscalebutalsobecomemoreelastictomeetngesindemandwithoutnecessarilyaddingmorepeoplehardware,orcost.Inotherwords,SAessentiallymigratesMNOsfromalumpycapextoamoregranularopexspendingmodel.5itsilentrdthatkcostenandngtedchleurecemerddedworkitywhatenswandcndlltarchfocusesontheimpactofemergingtechnologybusiness,andregulatorytrendsonindustriesandenterprises.terswithcomprehensiveknowledgeofE2Enetworksandwirelesstechnologies.AuditpracticeinFrance.Shehasmorethan20yearsofexperienceandisacharteredandcertifiedcaccountantehasmorethanyearsofexperienceworkingwiththeTMTenergyandutilitiesconsumer,andpublicsectorindustries.raThiagoEliasdeSilvaortheircontributionstothischapterSemiconductorsesareusingAItodesignbetterchipsfastercheaperandmoreefficientlybecomingapowerfulaidtohumanbecomingapowerfulaidtohumanchipengineersintheextremelycomplextaskofsemiconductordesignDeloitteGlobalpredictsthattheworldsleadingsemiconductorcompanieswillspendUS$300milliononinternalandthird-partyAItoolsfordesigningchipsin2023,1andthatnumberwillgrowby%annuallyforthenextfouryearstosurpassUS$500millionin2026.2Thatsnotalotofmoneyinthecontextof2023’santicipatedUSbillionglobalsemiconductormarket,3butit’ssignificantfortheoutsizedreturnoninvestmentAIdesigntoolsareenablingchipmakerstopushtheboundariesofMooreslaw,savetimeandmoneyalleviatethetalentshortage,andevendragolderchipdesignsintothemoderneraAtthesametimethesetoolscanincreasesupplychainsecurityandhelpmitigatethenextchipshortagePutanotherwayalthoughasingle-seatlicensefortheAIsoftwaretoolsrequiredtoTechnology,Media,andTelecommunicationsPredictions2023designachipmaycostmeretensofthousandsofdollarsthechipsdesignedbysuchtoolscouldbeworthbillions.Timeismoney:AdvancedFordecadeselectronicdesignautomationEDA)vendorshavemadetoolsforchipdesign—inaUSbillionplusindustryin2022,growingataboutannuallyEDAtoolstypicallyuserule-basedsystemsandphysicssimulationtohelphumanengineersdesignandvalidatechips.SomehaveevenincorporatedrudimentaryAI.Inthepastyear,however,thelargestEDAcompanieshavestartedsellingadvancedAI-poweredtools,5whilepmakersandtechcompanieshavedevelopedhomegrownAIdesigntoolsoftheirown.Theseadvancedtoolsarenotjustexperiments.Theyarebeingusedintherealworldacrossmanychipdesignslikelyworthbillionsofdollarsannually.Thoughtheywon’treplacehumandesigners,theircomplementarystrengthsinspeedandcost-effectivenessgivechipmakersmuchstrongerdesigncapabilities.Chipdesignandfabricationarehighlycomplex—andadvancedAIcanhelpinthreemainways:Makingnewandbetterchips:ChipsbelowtheprocessnodearefoundinsmartphonescomputersanddatacentersTheyarethefastest-growingpartofthechipmarket6andbyfarthemostprofitableHoweveratmorethanUSmillionpernewdesigntheyrealsothecostliesttomake.7AdvancedAItoolscandesignthesechipsfasterthanoldermethods,reducingcosts.Makingoldchipsbetter:Two-thirdsofallchipssoldin2wereatthe65nmprocessnodeorlarger,adecades-oldtechnology.8TakingthoseoldchipdesignsandmovingthemtomoreadvancednodesashrinkmakesthemphysicallysmallerefficientanditdoesntrelyonbsoletefabricationequipmentAdvancedAItoolslowchipmakerstoeffecttheseshrinksfasterandcheaper.Pluggingthechiptalentgap:About2millionpeopleworkforthechipindustrygloballyin2022,withtheongoingdriveforchipselfsufficiencyintheUnitedStates,EuropeanUnion,andChina,thesectorneedstofindamillionmoreworkersby2030.9AdvancedAItoolswillbecomeincreasinglyimportantasawayofbridgingthetalentgap.emREFive-yearCAGRforchips,EDAtools,andadvancedAIdesigntools(2023−2028)Sources:WSTS;GlobalMarketsInsights;andDeloitteGlobal.40%areusingAItodesignbetterchipsfastercheaperandmoreefficientlyChipdesignoptimizesthreevariables—power,TheseadvancedAIcapabilitiesfallalmostentirelyperformance,andarea(PPA)—toproduceachipintotwocategories:graphneuralnetworksthatminimizeselectricityuse,maximizes(GNNs)andreinforcementlearning(RL).GNNsprocessingspeed,andisassmallaspossible.areatypeofmachinelearningalgorith