法律英语-侵权法教案资料

法律英语-侵权法IntroducedmyselftoMomagaintoday.今天我又一次向妈妈介绍了自己。（阿兹海默症）。Strangers,friends,bestfriends,lovers,strangers.陌生人，朋友，好朋友，爱人，陌生人。2023/2/7法律英语22023/2/7法律英语3LessonTenTortLawDelict/Tort

Whatisatort?侵权行为是民事主体违反民事义务，侵害他人合法权益，依法应当承担民事责任的行为。WhatisTortiousLiability?侵权责任是指民事主体因实施侵权行为而应承担的民事法律后果。2023/2/7法律英语4WhatarecomponentsofTortLiability?(a)illegalbehavior(b)damages(c)causality(d)fault2023/2/7法律英语5Whataremethodsofbearingtortliability?(a)

cessation

of

infringement(b)removal

of

obstruction(c)elimination

of

danger(d)

return

of

property(e)restoration

to

the

original

status2023/2/7法律英语6(f)compensation

for

losses(g)apology(h)elimination

of

consequences

and

restoration

of

reputation2023/2/7法律英语7doctrineofliabilityfixationA.DoctrineofLiabilityforWrongsArticle6,Para1----TortLaw“行为人因过错侵害他人民事权益，应当承担侵权责任”BurdenofProof?Plantiff----原告（受害人）负举证责任证明被告（加害人）主观上有过错.2023/2/7法律英语8doctrineofliabilityfixationB.DoctrineofpresumptionArticle38教育机构的~Article58医疗机构的~【conditional】Article75高度危险物非法占有管理的~Article81动物园的过错推定责任Article85坠落悬挂物的所管使人~Article88堆放物2023/2/7法律英语9doctrineofliabilityfixationArticle90折断林木的所管人的~Article91窨井管理人的~Burdenofproof?Defendant----被告（加害人）负举证责任证明自己主观上无过错2023/2/7法律英语10doctrineofliabilityfixationC.DoctrineofStrictLiablity

Article41产品生产者销售者的~Article65环境污染者的~Article69高度危险经占使者的~Article78动物的饲养管理者的~BurdenofProof？Defendant——加害人证明行为与损害无因果关系2023/2/7法律英语112023/2/7法律英语12Part1:Introductiondamagesclaims

要求赔偿mostcivilsuits

大多数民事诉讼tortlaw

侵权法1.Automobileaccidents2023/2/7法律英语13ManycircumstancesTheplaintiffinacivilsuitisordinarilyentitledtotryhisclaimbeforeajurywhichwilloftenrelymoreonhumanthanonlegalconsiderations……民事诉讼的原告通常会向陪审团提出索赔主张，这主要是出于人道的考虑而不是法律的考虑。儿童受伤2023/2/7法律英语14ApermanentdisabilityoflossofalimbCompensationanddamages

补偿费和损害赔偿金Actualloss实际损害Intangibledamage无形损害Aplaintiffcanplayonthehumanreactionofthejury原告利用陪审团的人性反应2023/2/7法律英语15Americanlawpermitstheparticipationoftheattorneyintheplaintiff’srecovery(contingentfee)美国允许律师分享原告所获得的赔偿金（胜诉酬金）Amountto25to33%oftheverdict酬金达到法院判付金额的25-33%。2023/2/7法律英语16Atortaction侵权诉讼Alengthyproceeding诉讼程序时间长Largeexpenses—honorariaforexperts代价大（专家证人的酬金）Averylargeverdict（inexcessof$100000）判决金额非常大（10万美元以上）2023/2/7法律英语172.TortlawandthelawofcontractsoverlapAninjurypartyhasthechoicebetweenatortclaimandasuitincontracts.Conversion

非法占有财产Personalinjury

人身伤害Impliedcontract默示合同Personalinjury人身伤害Breachofwarranty

违背保证诺言Recoveryofintangibledamage2023/2/7法律英语183.Everyoneisliableforhistortact,每个人都要对其侵权行为负责，inlimitedformalsochildren（however,parentsonlywhentheyactedasthechild’sagentordidnotcomplywiththeirdutytosupervise）,在有限的情况下儿童亦然（但是，父母仅当其作为该儿童的代理人或未能按照其监护义务行事时才负此责），butnotthestateunlessexpressstatutoryprovisionhasabolishedstateimmunity.但国家不在此列，除非法律明文规定取消了国家的豁免权。2023/2/7法律英语19TheFTCApermitsrecoveryofmoneydamagesbecauseofanegligentorwrongfulactoromissionbytheFederalGovernmentoranemployeeoftheFederalGovernmentwhiletheemployeewasactingwithinhis/herscopeofemploymentoroffice.FederalTortclaimsAct（FTCA

）2023/2/7法律英语204.Everyoneisprotectedagainsttortiousact,includingtheembryo.每个人包括胎儿都受保护，免遭侵权行为的伤害。Theheirsornextofkinmayhaveadamageclaimfortheintentionalornegligentdeathoftheirrelativeortestator

(wrongfuldeathaction)继承人或近亲属可以对他们亲属或立遗嘱人因故意或疏忽侵权造成的死亡（非正常死亡之诉）提出损害赔偿要求。2023/2/7法律英语21“dram-shopacts”小酒店法令Apartyinjuredasaresultoftheintoxicationofthetortfeasor

hasaclaimagainsthimwhocontributedtothetortfeasor’sintoxication.作为侵权行为人醉酒之结果而受到伤害的当事人有权向造成该侵权行为人醉酒的人提出索赔请求。2023/2/7法律英语22“dram-shopacts”DramShopacts,enactedinthe19thcentury,usuallyimposeliabilityfornegligenceonthesellersofalcoholicbeveragesforsalesto:personsunderthelegaldrinkingage,orthosewhoareobviouslyintoxicated.Peoplewhoservealcoholicbeveragesmaybeliableunderstatelawsfordamagesresultingfromtheconsumptionofthosebeverages.drunkendriving2023/2/7法律英语23Part2:IntentionalTorts故意侵权行为Battery殴打Assault侵犯他人身体Conversionofproperty非法侵占财产Falseimprisonment非法拘禁Trespasstopersonalandrealproperty侵占动产、不动产Defamation诽谤Invasionofprivacy侵犯隐私权Productsliability产品质量责任2023/2/7法律英语24Part3:LiabilityforNegligence过失侵权的责任NegligentactInjuryCausality2023/2/7法律英语25Apersonisnegligentifhehasnotcompliedwithhis“dutyofcare”and,hasnotactedas“areasonableandprudentman”.如果一个人没有尽到“照看义务”，没有象“一个理性且谨慎的人”那样行事。过失2023/2/7法律英语26要考虑到Thespecialprofessionalqualificationforthetortfeasor侵权者的特别专业资质ArchitectDifferentcriteriaConstructionworker2023/2/7法律英语27DutyofcareRestrictiveinterpretation:Thedutymustbeowedtowardtheparticularplaintiff.必须对特定的原告负有照看义务Thereisnodutyofcaretothepublicatlarge.不是对广大公众负有照看义务（某人）对侵犯财产者的照看义务比对被邀请客人的照看义务小2023/2/7法律英语28Gueststatutes宾客法规Somestatesexcludeadutyofcarebythedriverofamotorvehicle–towardpassengerswhomhetransportsgratuitously.

汽车司机对于他免费搭载的乘客不负照看责任。2023/2/7法律英语29Insomestates,legislationrequiringthataguestpassengermustprovesomethinghigherthanordinarynegligenceinordertorecoverfromthehostdriver.2023/2/7法律英语30Noclaimforcompensation不能要求赔偿Theinjuredpartyhasbeenguiltyofcontributorynegligence共同过失hasassumedtherisk

预计到有危险2023/2/7法律英语31Contributorynegligence共同过失adoctrineofcommonlawthatifapersonwasinjuredinpartduetohis/herownnegligence(his/hernegligence"contributed"totheaccident),theinjuredpartywouldnotbeentitledtocollectanydamages(money)fromanotherpartywhosupposedlycausedtheaccident./2023/2/7法律英语32Comparativenegligence比较过失共同过失辩护的严格性……已经因为一些州采用了“比较过失”原则而得到减弱。Itrequiresthattherespectivedegreeofnegligenceofbothpartiesbedeterminedandcompensationassessedaccordingly.

要求确定当事各方的各自疏忽程度，并由此确定补偿金。2023/2/7法律英语33ComparativenegligenceAruleoflawappliedinaccidentcasestodetermineresponsibilityanddamagesbasedonthenegligenceofeverypartydirectlyinvolvedintheaccident./2023/2/7法律英语34ComparativenegligenceTheruleunderwhichnegligenceismeasuredbypercentage,anddamagesarediminishedinproportiontotheamountofnegligenceattributabletothepersonseekingrecovery./ThedoctrineoflastclearchanceEventhecontributorilynegligentplaintiffwillbecompensatedifhecanprovethatthedefendanthadthe“lastclearchance”topreventthedamage.有共同过失的原告如果能证明被告“有最后明显机会”避免伤害，那么该原告就可以获得赔偿。2023/2/7法律英语35Lastclearchance最后明显机会Thelastreasonableopportunitytoavoidanaccidentorinjury.Onewhohasthelastclearchancetoavoidaninjuryandfailstodosoisusuallyheldsolelyresponsible,notwithstandingtheinjuredperson'sowncontributorynegligence.2023/2/7法律英语36Theextraordinarilycomplexlawofnegligence2023/2/7法律英语37TodayleadstotwoeffortsofreformStrictLiability

严格责任Nofault

无过错责任InconsistentPart4:TortlawreformA.StrictLiability

严格责任Strictliability

isalegaldoctrinethatmakessomepersonsresponsiblefordamagestheiractionsorproductscause,

regardlessofany"fault"

ontheirpart.2023/2/7法律英语38ForinstanceThemaintenanceofdangerousanimals饲养危险的动物Defamation诽谤Arebuttablepresumption可反驳的推定Thedoctrineofresipsaloquitur不言自明原则2023/2/7法律英语39StrictliabilityDeduced

faultornegligencefromthenatureofthethingoractitself.从事情或行为本身的特性可以推断出存在过错或过失2023/2/7法律英语40Defectiveconstruction

有缺陷的设计Negligentuse

过失使用productliabilityDangerousproducts危险的产品Theproductionitself产品本身、Itspackage包装InadefectiveconditionUnreasonabledangeroustotheuserorconsumerortohisproperty.对使用者或消费者及其财产造成过度危险2023/2/7法律英语41“defective”Theproductdoesnotmeetthereasonableexpectationsoftheordinaryconsumerconcerningthesafetyoftheproduct.

“缺陷”是指产品未达到一般消费者关于该产品安全性能的合理期望标准。2023/2/7法律英语42b.“No-fault”Anotherreformendeavorwhichseekstofindmorejustsolutionsforordinaryclaimsbasedonnegligence.另一个改革努力试图寻求对过失侵权普通索赔要求的更公正的解决方案。2023/2/7法律英语43automobileaccidentsProfessorsRobertKeetonandJeffreyO'ConnellSeektoabolishthefaultprincipleintortlaw试图消除侵权法中的过错原则；Toawardcompensation

withoutproofoffaultaccordingtoinsuranceprinciples.按照保险原则，在不要过错证明的情况下给予赔偿。2023/2/7法律英语44No-faultTrafficaccidentProductliabilityMedicalmalpractice2023/2/7法律英语45GrantcompensationforcertaininjurieswithoutproofoffaultForactualloss,notforintangibledamageNo-fault的优点Liabilitywillbelimitedforthemanufacturer,制造商的责任有限Requirearelativelylesserin