高中英语必修4unit11

Unit11TheMedia词类转换

argue(vt.)____________(n.)

争论；争吵类似：encourage_______________(n.)

鼓励brave(adj.)___________(n.)

勇敢类似：slip____________(n.)

光滑3.distinct(v.)___________(n.)

区别；差别类似：administrate_______________(n.)

管理；行政4.defend(vt.)_______(n.)防御；保卫类似：refer__________(n.)参考资料5.believe(n.)__________(adj.)可信的类似：admire____________(adj.)令人钦佩的按要求写出下列单词的适当形式。argumentencouragementbraveryslipperydistinctionadministrationdefencereferencebelievableadmirable6.harm(vt.)__________(adj.)

有害的类似：pain____________

(adj.)

痛苦的7.politics(n.)_____________(adj.)政治上的类似：physics____________(adj.)体力上的8.explain(v.)___________(n.)

解释；说明类似：apply_____________(n.)

申请（书）9.humour(n.)___________(adj.)

幽默的类似：poison____________(adj.)

有毒的10.poor(adj.)____________(n.)

贫穷类似：safe________(n.)安全harmfulpainfulpoliticalphysicalexplanationapplicationhumorouspoisonouspovertysafety1.__________代表2.________对…作出反应3.______________由…组成4.__________________被纪念为5.______________详细地6._____________________有……区别；特征7.___________________对……负责8.______________支持；喜爱9.______________反对10._____________拒绝11._____________出现12._____________公共地13._____________显眼14._____________可能重要词组standforreacttobemadeupofberememberedasindetailhavethedistinctionofberesponsibleforbeinfavorofbeagainstturnawayturnupinpublicstandoutbelikelyto15._____________forthepurposeof16._____________holdtheattentionof17._____________makecontributionsto18._____________participatein19._____________consistof20._____________getstuckin21._____________accordingto22._____________jumpoutof23._____________commenton24._____________inawayof25._____________aslongas为了……引起……的注意做贡献参与；参加包括陷入根据脱离评论在某重意义上只要；有…远二、重要考点突破1.demandvt.要求

n.要求的事物，需求，需要※用法:后跟名词、代词、不定式或从句等

Thissortofworkdemandsgreatpatient.这种工作需要有很大的力气。

Idemandtoknowthetruth.我要求了解真情。

ThebossdemandedthatMary(should)finishitwithinaweek.老板要求玛丽在一周内完成它。※注意：后跟宾语从句时，从句后谓语动词要用should加动词原形，其中should可以省略；demand作名词时表示“要求，要求的事物”时通常为可数名词。表示“需要”时为不可数名词，有时可加不定冠词。核心单词◆搭配：用适当的词填空。(1)demandsth.____________sb向某人要某物(2)demand________sbtodosth.要求某人做某事(3)demandthatsb.___________sth.要求某人……of/fromof(should)do★拓展:根据含义补全相关短语。(1)____(great)demand非常需要的(2)makedemands_____sb.有求于某人(3)____demand一经要求，在要求时(4)______________one’sdemands满足某人的要求(5)theirdemands____livinghouses他们对经济适用房的需求inononsatisfy/meetfor■运用：用demand翻译下列句子：（1）他要求被告知一切事情_______________________________________（3）他要求我关上大门。_______________________________________（4）我要求你放学前打扫完教室。______________________________________________________________________Hedemandedtobetoldeverything.Hedemandofmetoshutthedoor.Idemandthatyou(should)finishcleaningtheclassbeforeschool.2.povertyn.

穷困潦倒例句：Povertypreventedhimfromgoingto

college.

他因贫穷而没有上大学。★拓展:将划线部分翻译成英语（1）形容词：______贫穷的（2）反义词：_______富有（3）复合词：________________贫困的，赤贫的◆搭配：（1）liveinpoverty

生活贫困（2）thepovertyline

贫困线（3）povertyof…

缺乏……poorwealthpoverty-stricken■运用：用poverty翻译下列句子。(1)他们生活在贫困线以下。____________________________________(2)他后期创作的故事由于缺乏想象力，不是很有趣。Hislaterstoriesarenotinteresting_____________________(3)这人失业后就生活在贫困之中。______________________afterhisunemployment.Theylivebelowthepovertyline.becauseofpovertyofimaginationThemanlivedinpoverty3.nationn.

民族；国家

In1790thenewnationhadfewerthanfourmillionpeople.1790年时这个新成立的国家的人口不到四百万。★拓展：写出适当的单词。(1)____________adj.国家的，民族的(2)____________n.

国籍，民族※辨析：nation,state&country(国家)nation侧重指人民，即国民，民族。state侧重指国家政权。country侧重指疆土，普通用语。nationalnationality

ThePresidentspokeonradiotothenation.总统向全体国民发表广播讲话。

Shouldindustrybecontrolledbythestate?工业应该由国家控制吗？

Thenewswasspreadalloverthecountry.这消息传遍全国。■运用：用nation,state或country填空。(1)TheChinese________isahard-workingpeople.(2)InChina,therailwaysareownedbythe________.(3)Thewhole__________isagainstthewar.(4)Shedidn’tknowwhatlifeinaforeign________wouldbelike.nationstatenationcountry4.incidentn.事情，小事件，事变

Werethereanyexcitingincidentsduringyourjourney?你们在旅途中有没有什么令人激动的事情？※辨析：incident,event&accident(事件)incident侧重指小事；还有事件，事变的意思。accident侧重指意外事件和事故。event侧重指具有重要意义的大事件，体育运动中的比赛项目。■运用：用incident,event或accident填空。(1)Itwasquitean__________whenawomanfirstbecameprimeminister.(2)Thoughitwasan__________.Itimpressedmedeeply.(3)Johnwaskilledinacar_____________.(4)Wearelookingforwardtowatchingthesports___________tobeheldinthecity.eventincidentaccidentevents5.blamevt.责备，归咎于◆搭配：用适当的介词填空。(1)blamesb._____(doing)sth.为某事责备某人(2)blamesth._____sb.把某事归咎于某人(3)betoblame(_____sth.)应(为某事)承担责任/受责备※注意：betoblame中的blame不能用被动语态。

ManychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误而受责备。

Don’talwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.Sometimesyouyourselfaretoblame.不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。forforon■运用：翻译下列句子。(1)他把自己的失败归咎于他的老师。_________________________________________________________________________________(2)把我们的失败归罪在他头上是没用的。_________________________________________(3)那次事故怪不着孩子们。_____________________________________________________Heblamedhisteachersforhisfailure/Heblamedhisfailureonhisteacher.It'snouseblamingourdefeatonhim.Thechildrenwerenottoblamefortheaccident.6.approachn.方法，接近v.走进，接近，处理（问题，任务等）

Shethoughtofanewapproachtosolvetheproblem.她想出了一个新方法来解决问题。

AsIapproachedthehouse,Inoticedalightonupstairs.当我走进家时，我注意到楼上的灯还亮着。■运用：翻译下列句子(1)我们知道如何正确地处理这个问题。________________________________________(2)他被警告敌人快到了。_________________________________________Weknowhowtoapproachtheproblemcorrectly.Hewaswarnedoftheapproachoftheenemy.7.certainadj.确定的，一定※用法:certain作表语时意为“确定无疑的”，作定语时意为“某个，某些，某种”。可用于becertainof,becertaintodo或Itiscertainthat…句型。

I'mcertain(that)shesawme.我肯定她看见我了。

Heiscertaintosucceed.=Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.他肯定会成功。

AcertainMrBrowntelephonedwhileyouwereout.你出去的时候，有个叫布朗的先生来过电话.8.concernvt.涉及，关系到；关心，关注；使担忧

n.有关……的事(可数)；忧虑，关心(不可数)

Thatdoesn'tconcernme.那与我无关。

Theboy'spoorhealthconcernedhisparents.那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。

Shehasgreatconcernforothers.她很关心别人。★拓展：concernedadj.

有关的，担心的，忧虑的◆搭配：(1)concernoneselfwith/in/aboutsth.忙于/关心/担心某事(2)beconcernedwith/insth.与……有关，涉及，关心(3)beconcernedabout/forsth.对……感到担忧(4)so/asfaras...beconcerned就……而言■运用：根据汉语意思，完成下列英文句子。(1)这消息与你兄弟有关。Thenews__________________________.(2)这个男孩在学校很差的表现使他父母很担心。Theboy'spoorperformanceatschool____________________________.(3)你不用管这事，我们正在处理它。There'snoneedtoconcern__________________thismatter;we'redealingwithit.concernsyourbrotherconcernshisparentsyourselfwith(4)据报道，那个流行歌手涉嫌贩毒。Itisreportedthatthepopsingeris________________________________.(5)忧心忡忡的家长们都为孩子们的安全担忧。Theconcernedparents____________________________.(6)就我而言，你可以做你喜欢的事情。___________________________,youcandowhatyoulike.concernedwithsellingdrugswereallconcernedforthechildren'ssafetyAsfarasI'mconcerned9.announcevt.

宣布，宣告

Heannouncedtousthatthedangerwaspast.他向我们宣布危险已经过去。◆搭配：(表示向某人宣布时，sb.前一定要用to）announcesth.tosb.向某人通报/宣布某事announcetosb.that…向某人通报/宣布某事★拓展：announcementn.宣布，宣告，通告■运用：完成下列句子。(1)我要向世人宣告我的目标(goal)。Iwillannounce______________________.(2)我有件重要事情要宣布。I'vegotanimportant__________________________.mygoaltotheworldannouncementtomake10.likelyadj.可能的，有希望的adv.很可能※用法：可作定语或表语，作表语时，likely常与动词不定式或that从句连用，主语可以是人、事物或it。作副词时常与very,most连用。

Whatisthemostlikelyresult?最有可能的结果是什么？

Theyarelikelytobefreetomorrow.＝Itislikelythattheywillbefreetomorrow.他们明天可能有空。

Hewillmostlikelycomerightaway.他大概马上就会来。■运用：完成下列句子。他很可能不同意。(两种译法)Itislikelythathewillnotagree.=Heislikelynottoagree.11.suggestvt.

暗示，表明；建议※用法：后接名词、动名词或that引导的宾语从句。suggest表示“建议”时，that从句的谓语用“(should+)动词原形”；表示“暗示，表明”时，that从句的谓语用正常的时态，这时主句的主语通常不是表示人的词。■运用：用所给动词的适当形式填空，并说明理由。(1)Isuggested__________(go)forawalk.(2)Isuggestedtohimthatwe_______________(deal)withtheproblemanotherway.(3)Hissilencesuggestedthathe____________(notagree)totheproposal.going(should)dealdidn’tagree12.aimn.

目的，意图；目标v.意欲，瞄准◆搭配：achieve/realizeone’saim达到目的，实现目标

missone’saim打不中目标，达不到目的

aimat瞄准，针对，向某方向努力

aimtodosth.旨在干某事

Myaimistobecomeapoliceman.我的目标是当一名警察。

Heaimstobeasuccessfulwriter.他立志成为一个成功的作家。

Weaimatqualityratherthanquantity.我们力求质量而不是数量。■运用：完成下列句子。(1)他已达到目的了。________________________(2)我们的目标是将生产增加一倍。We_________doublingourproduction.(3)我兄弟立志当小说家。______________________________________Hehasachievedtheaim.aimatMmentv.

评论，发表意见n.评论，意见，解释※注意：comment后接介词on或upon，表示对后面的所提到的人或事物作出评论，发表意见；若后接介词from，则表示听取别人的意见。

Thekingrefusedtocommentontheelectionresults.国王拒绝评论选举的结果。

You’dbetterhavecommentsfromyourteachersandclassmates.你最好听听你的老师和同学的意见。■运用：完成下列句子。(至少两种方法)他对我们的计划没有发表任何意见。_________________________________________________________________________________________________Hemadenocommentsonourplan.=Hedidn’tcommentonourplan.1.infavorof赞成，支持I'minfavorofthesuggestion.我赞同这个建议。★拓展:beallinfavorof完全赞同insb’s/sth’sfavor占优势comedowninfavorof最终决定支持find/ruleinfavorofsb.宣判/判决某人胜诉■运用：用翻译下列句子。(1)我完全支持人们出去好好玩一下，只要他们不打扰其他人。_____________________________________andenjoyingthemselvessolongastheydon’tdisturbotherpeople.(2)资历较深的部长们发言支持这项议案。Seniorministersspoke___________________________重要词组I’mallinfavorofpeoplegoingoutinfavorofthebill.2.turnover交给，反复考虑，翻转TheFBIcaughtPaulandturnedhimovertoCIA.联邦调查局拘捕了保罗并把他移交给中央情报局。■运用：根据中文，完成下列句子。(1)你离开时，这项工程就交给Mary负责。Whenyouleave,theproject________________________toMary.(2)我把钥匙交给了史密斯先生。I______________thekeys______Mr.Smith.(3)昨天他愤怒地掀翻了桌子。He________________________inangeryesterday.(4)他在脑子里把这个新想法仔细考虑了一下。He____________________________inhismind.willbeturnedoverturnedovertoturnedoverthetableturnedoverthenewidea■联想：完成句子或将句子译成中文。(1)Theyturnedadeafeartothepeople’ssufferings._________________________________________(2)Theyturnedablindeyetoourdemands.___________________________________________(3)他结果成了叛徒。He___________________atraitor.(4)他查阅了字典并找出了解释。He__________________thedictionaryandfoundtheexplanation.(5)他已经拒绝了我提出的帮助。He___________________myoffertohelp.他们对于人民的疾苦视而不见。他们对于我们的要求置之不理。turnedouttobeturneduphasturneddown3.consistof由……组成；构成(bemadeupof)Theclassconsistsof30boysand37girls.

这个班由30个男生和37个女生组成。▲辨析：consistof&bemadeupofconsistof表示各部分组合成一个整体后，各部分依然保持独立。bemadeupof也意为“由……组成”，但它强调组成后的各部分已融为一体。★联想：consistin在于；决定于■运用：句型转换，但意义不变。(1)Ienjoymyselfinthisclasswhichismadeupof40girls.Ienjoymyselfinthisclass________________40girls.(2)Thissoftwareconsistsofallkindsoftechnologicalcrystal.Thissoftware_________________allkindsoftechnologicalcrystal.consistingofismadeupof4.standout突出，引人注目，脱颖而出，坚持

Theystoodouttillvictory.他们坚持到胜利。

Shestandsoutinthecrowd,forsheistwometersinheight.她在人群中显得很突出,因为她身高两米。

Ourdaughterisagreatdancer;shestandsoutabovetherest.我们的女儿是一个不错的舞者，她从许多舞者中脱颖而出。■运用：根据汉语提示完成英文句子。1.她的工作成绩远比其他人都好。______________________fromtherestaseasilythebest.2.他身材高大使他在人群中很突出。____________________________________inthecrowd.3.当局答应给护士加5%工资,但她们坚持要得到7%的增幅。Thenurseshavebeenofferedanextra5%,butthey're_______________________a7%payrise.4.我们竭力顶住(坚持反对)了要关闭公司的一切作法。Wemanagedto_____________________allattemptstoclosethecompanydown.HerworkstandsoutHedownto可归结为，沦落为，流传下来※用法：to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。

Hehascomedowntobegging.他沦落为乞丐。

Ourchoicescomedowntogoingorstaying我们的选择可以归结为：去还是留。

Thecustomhascomedowntousfromthepast.这种风俗是从前传下来给我们的。6.turnaway转过脸去；不准……入内，拒绝※用法：一般后面与介词from搭配。

Sheturnedawayinhorroratthesightofsomuchblood.看到这么多的血,她害怕地将脸扭向了一边。

Hundredsofpeoplehadtobeturnedawayfromthestadium.

数以百计的人被体育场拒之门外。7.participatein参加，参与(takepartin/joinin)

Idon'twanttoparticipateintheEnglishparty.我不想参加英语晚会。

TheStudentUnioncalledonallstudentstoparticipateintheactivity.学生会号召所有的学生都要参加这个活动。1.Modernadvertisementmuststandoutinaworldfullofcompetitionbycombiningthehigheststandardsofdesignwithideaslinkedtotheproductstomakethemmoreattractive.现代广告必须把高水平的设计和产品理念相结合，以增强吸引力，这样才能在激烈的竞争中胜出。

结构分析:本句是一个结构复杂的较长的简单句。fullofcompetition是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰aworld，意为“一个充满竞争的世界”；bycombining…with….products(通过将…与…相结合)是介词短语作方式状语；在这个方式状语中linkedtotheproducts是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰ideas；tomakethemmoreattractive是不定式短语目的状语。高级句型学以致用：用形容词短语或过去分词短语作定语翻译下列名词短语。(1)充满信心的/想像力的学生______________________________________________(2)两个有必然联系的事件______________________________________________(3)与进化论相关的知识_____________________________________________thetheoryofevolutionstudentsfullofconfidence/imaginationtwoeventslinkedwitheachothertheknowledgeassociatedwith(relatedto)2.However,notalladvertisingisaboutsellingproductsandserviceforaprofit.然而并非所有的广告是用来推销产品或纯粹为了利润。结构分析:本句是个简单句。notall….意为“并非所有的……都……”，也时有用all…not来表达，意思相同，注意其含义都是部分否定；both,every等都有类似的用法；其完全否定用none,noone,no,neither等来表达。

Notallofthemknowtheanswer.=Allofthemdon’tknowtheanswer.=Someofthemknowtheanswer，andtheothersdon’tknowtheanswer.并不是他们所有的人都知道答案。比较：Noneofthemknowtheanswer.他们都不知道答案。

Notbothsentencesarewrong.=Bothsentencesarenotwrong.=Oneofthetwosentencesiswrongandtheotheriscorrect.并非两个句子都错了。比较：Neithersentenceisright.两个句子都不对。学以致用：试把下列句子译成汉语。(1)Allbirdshavewings,butnotallbirdscanfly._______________________________________________(2)Everystudentcannotpasstheexam._______________________________________________(3)Neitherofthewindowsis/areopen._______________________________________________所有的鸟都有翅膀，但并不是所有的鸟都会飞。并不是所有的学生都可以通过这次测试。两扇窗户都没开。3.AccordingtotheresearchpublishedbyLeedsUniversityyesterday,peopledon’tmindbadlanguageontelevisionaslongasitisnotusedinprogrammeswatchedbychildren.根据利兹大学的一项研究报告称，电视中的不良语言，只要不用于儿童节目，人们并不介意。结构分析:本句是一个复合句，aslongas(只要)引导一个条件状语从句。其中Accordingto…作状语；publishedby…是过去分词短语作定语，修饰theresearch；watchedby…也是过去分词短语作定语，修饰programmes。学以致用：用aslongas翻译下列句子。只要我们能在一起，无论在哪儿我都能交到新朋友。_________________________________________________________________________I'llmakenewfriendswhereverweareaslongaswe'retogether.一、单词拼写根据句子意思，用本单元单词的适当形式填空。1.Hemustbethewinningofthepeopletohis(政治上的)______________belief.2.Diseaseoftengoeswithp___________________.3.Thepaperpublishedanextrato____________theendofthewar.4.Heservedas___________（合法的）memberofthegovernor-general'scouncilinIndia.5.Anythingyousaymaybetakendownandusedase______________againstyou.单元基础过关politicalpovertyannouncelegalevidence6.Ifyouwanttosellyourproductyoumusta_______________it.7.Diagramsandgraphsareindispensable___________(视觉的)aidsinmanyaspectsofeconomics.8.Inhislifehegaveanexampleof___________（勇敢）andwisdom.9.Afteralong___________,wedecidedwheretogoforourholiday.10.Everyonelikedtheyoungmanforhisfranknessandgood

h_________.advertisevisualbraveryargumenthumour二、词形辨别选择适当的词填空并翻译成汉语。1.Hesticksstubbornlytohis____________ofeducationreform..(A.goalB.aim)2.Theclimatehereisgood,_____________inwinter．(A.speciallyB.especially)3.Thehousewas_____________destroyedbythefire．(A.alltogetherB.altogether)4.Thatpictureis_____________toohighonthewall．(A.layB.putC.placed)5.Itwouldbea_____________thingtospendmoneyonsomethingyoucan'tafford..(A.sillyB.dullC.stupid)6.Theschoolprincipal________aprizeinhistorytothebeststudent.(A.awardB.reward)ABBCAA三、词类转换用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Buttheexpertssayonlytwoofthesestoriesare_____________(believe).2.Ibumpedagainstadeskandfeltvery__________(pain)inmyleg.3.Thegovernment's_________________(announce)isseenasamovetowardssettlingthestrike.4.Indeedhehasasolemnface,butheisvery_____________(humor)atheart.5.IfIwalkinwith__________(mud)boots,Dadalwaysscolds(me).believablepainfulannouncementhumorousmuddy6.Theenemyhadtofallbackonthesecondlineof_________________(defend).7.Itisclearthattheeffectsofthese_______________(environment)pollutantsareveryreal.8.Athorough___________(analyze)wouldconsiderboththedemandandsupplysideapproaches.9.Afteralong______________(argue),wedecidedwheretogoforourholiday.10.ThesewritingsburstupontheLondonliteraryscenewithan___________(explode)vitality.defenseenvironmentalanalysisargumentexplosiveoff,to,over,up,down,out,into,from1.Youmustclingtotheropetokeep_________falling.2.Itturned_______thatshewasafriendofmysister.3.Theyalwaysturn_____mewhentheyareintrouble.4.Allthebuildingshavebeenturned________hospitals.5.Thesignalpistolwent________withabang.6.Theengineturned_________butwouldn’tstart.7.Don’tworryabouttheletter----I’msureitwillturn_____.8.Hehasbeenturned_______fortenjobssofar.四、词组填空根据题意，选择用所给的介词或副词填空。每次只用一次。fromouttointooffoverupdown五、语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。(1)However,eventhisisoftennotenoughto[1]______________(notice)inamoderncity,Becauseoftheadvertisingboom,peopleareusedto[2]_______highstandardsof[3]_________(vision)design.Modernadvertisementsmuststand[4]______inaworldfullofcompetition[5]______combiningthehigheststandardsofdesignwithideas[6]________(link)totheproductstomakethemmoreattractive.Forexample,someadvertisementsmaysuggestthatbuyingacarcanmakeyoufree.Thatis,theyusetheconceptof[7]_________(free)tosellthecar.[8]_______commonideasincludehappiness,wealthandsuccess,infact,intheworldof[9]___________________,suchcontentisasoldasadvertising[10]_____________.benoticedseeingvisualoutbylinkedfreedomOtheradvertisementsitself

(2)Inalmosteveryformofmedia,includingtelevision,newspaperandmagazines,agreatdealofattention[1]_______(pay)tothepersonallivesofcelebrities.Itseemsthatthepubliccannotgetenoughofthiskindofnews.Forpeople[2]______attempttoknowthelivesofthepublicfigurestherearesomeformsofmedia[3]__________tothetopic.Theycansatisfytheir[4]___________(curious)bybuyingfanmagazinesand[5]________