下肢的骨骼1课件

下肢的骨骼与关节

Theskeletonandjointoflowerlimb2023/2/61下肢的运动2023/2/62下肢骨TheBonesofLowerLimb

下肢带骨——髋骨Thehipbone

游离下肢骨—股骨Thefemur

—髌骨Thepatella

—胫骨Thetibia

—胫骨Thefibula

—足骨Theboneofthefoot2023/2/632023/2/652023/2/662023/2/672023/2/692023/2/6102023/2/611下肢的常用骨性标志

髂前上棘、髂前下棘、髂后上棘、髂后下棘、髂嵴、髂结节、坐骨结节、股骨大转子、耻骨结节、髌骨、股骨内、外侧髁、胫骨粗隆、胫骨内、外侧髁、腓骨小头、内、外侧踝、跟骨结节、第五跖骨粗隆、第一、第五趾骨头2023/2/613足Thefoot2023/2/6142023/2/6152023/2/6172023/2/618下肢骨连结

Thejointofthelowerlimb下肢带骨的连结Thejointofthepelvicgirdle1、耻骨联合Theubicsymphysis2、骶髂关节Thesacroiliacjoint3、骶结节、骶棘韧带Thesacrotuberousandsacrospinousligments4、闭孔膜Theobturatormembrane5、骨盆Thepelvis2023/2/6192023/2/6212023/2/622男女骨盆的主要差别Differencesbetweenthemaleandfemalepelves女性男性骨盆上口近似圆形心形耻骨下角80-100º70-75º骨盆腔圆桶形圆锥形骨盆下口较宽大较窄小骶骨骶岬不明显，盆面短宽、直骶岬明显，盆面狭长，弯曲度大骨盆外形短而宽窄而长2023/2/623重力的传递直立时：体重—腰5—骶骨—髋臼—股骨头—下肢此乃股骶弓，耻骨上支为其约束弓。坐位时：体重—腰5—骶骨—骶髂关节—坐骨结节此乃坐股弓，坐骨下支、耻骨下支为其约束弓2023/2/6252023/2/6262023/2/6292023/2/6302023/2/6312023/2/6322023/2/6332023/2/6342023/2/6352023/2/6362023/2/637男女性骨盆的差异2023/2/6382023/2/639游离下肢骨关节

Thejointsofthefreelowerlimb

髋关节Thehipjoint1、关节的基本结构

2、关节的辅助结构

3、髋关节的结构特点

4、常见临床损伤2023/2/6402023/2/6412023/2/6422023/2/6432023/2/644膝关节Thekneejoint

1、关节的基本结构2、关节的辅助结构3、膝关节的结构特点4、常见临床损伤2023/2/6452023/2/6462023/2/6472023/2/6482023/2/6492023/2/6502023/2/6512023/2/6522023/2/6532023/2/6542023/2/6552023/2/6562023/2/6572023/2/6582023/2/659足关节Thejointofthefoot1、踝关节Theanklejoint2、跗跖关节Thetarsometatarsaljoint3、跖趾关节Themetatarsophalangealjoint4、趾间关节Theinterphalangealjoint5、足弓Thearchesoffoot

足内弓足外弓足横弓2023/2/6602023/2/6612023/2/6622023/2/6632023/2/6642023/2/6652023/2/6662023/2/6672023/2/6682023/2/6692023/2/6702023/2/6712023/2/672足弓Thearchesoffoot足弓足内侧纵弓:由跟、距、舟骨、三块楔骨、和内侧第一、二、三跖骨组成。维持