外研版高中英语book3module5

Module5

GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina类别基础梳理核心单词1.___________(n.)原则；准则2.__________(n.)职位3.__________(vt.)强调4._________(vi.)辞职5.__________(n.)公正6.____________(n.)状况；条件；环境7.________(adj.)平等的→_________(n.)平等principlepositionstressresignjusticeconditionequalequality类别基础梳理核心单词8.________(n.)秩序→__________(adj.)秩序井然的9.___________(adj.)有影响的→___________(n.&v.)影响10._________(n.)诚实→_______(adj.)诚实的11.____________(n.)贡献→___________(v.)贡献；捐献12.___________(n.)争论；辩论；议论→__________(v.)争论，争辩orderorderlyinfluentialinfluencehonestyhonestcontributioncontributeargumentargue高频短语1.____________与……相似2._______________与……交战3._____________养育；抚养4._________________与……不同5._____________________对……感兴趣6._______________________责任感7.________________________为……自豪8._____________总之9._______________首次，第一次10.________叫醒besimilartobeatwarwithbringupbedifferentfrombecomeinterestedinasenseofresponsibilitybeproudof/takeprideininconclusionforthefirsttimewakeup经典句型1.Treatothers____________________youwanttobetreated.已所不欲，勿施于人。2.AncientChinawas______________________stateswereoften______________eachother.古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。inthewayaplacewhereatwarwith经典句型3.Menciusbelievedthat_______________________manisdifferentfromanimals_____________manisgood.孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性善。4.________________________youneedtobeabitmadtobeaninventor.据说要想成为发明家，得需要一点疯狂和着迷。thereasonwhyisthatTheysaythat轻松闯关Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Ican'tthankyouenoughforyour________(善良).答案：kindness2.Thegeneral________(原则)isthateducationshouldbeavailabletoallchildrenuptotheageof16.答案：principle3.I'mnotsurewhatIwoulddoifIwereinyour________(职位).答案：position4.Thereport________(强调)thatstudentsneedtoimprovemathskills.答案：stressed5.Deweywas________(有影响的)inshapingeconomicpolicy.答案：influential6.Theybelievethatallworkisof________(平等的)value.答案：equal7.Thecarhasbeenwellmaintainedandisinexcellent________(状况).答案：condition8.Theschoolseesitsjobaspreparingstudentstomakea________(贡献)tosociety.答案：contribution9.Ibrokethevaseduringan________(争论)withmyhusband.答案：argument10.Thegovernmentwasaccusedofusingthelawtorestrictindividual________(自身).答案：freedomⅡ.完成句子1.曾经有一个时期，妇女不被允许参加运动会。Therewas________________________womenwerenot________totakepartinsportsmeet.答案：atimewhen；allowed2.北京市的人口比济南的人口多。ThepopulationofBeijing________________________________ofJinan.答案：islarger/biggerthanthat3.我们应该了解最新的信息。Weshouldkeepourselves________________________.答案：informedoflatestinformation4.他由于健康原因不得不放弃教学工作。Hehadtogiveupteaching________________________________health.答案：forthereasonof5.她因为孩子们不规矩而感到羞愧。She________________________herchildren'sbadbehaviour.答案：wasashamedof

equalvt.等于，比得上；adj.相等的，胜任的；n.同等的人或物(1)equal＋n.(in＋n.)(在……方面)比得上，与……匹敌；与……相等(2)beequaltosth./doingsth.等于；能胜任beequalwith与……平等equalpayforequalwork同工同酬(3)without(an)equal无人可比的(4)equallyadv.同样地；相等地equalityn．相等；平等①Apoundisroughlyequalto500grams.1磅约等于500克。②Noneofusequalhiminstrength.在力气方面，我们谁也比不上他。③HispaintingsarewithoutequalintheWesternworld.他的画在西方世界首屈一指。Womendemandequalpayforequalwork.妇女要求同工同酬。I’mnotequaltotheposition.我胜任不了那个职位。Fiveplusthreeequalseight.五加三等于八。Iconsiderhertobemyequal.我把她看作我的对手。 完成句子①玛丽和比尔头脑一样聪明。

MaryisequaltoBillinbrains.MaryequalsBillinbrains.②他的画在西方世界首屈一指。HispaintingsarewithoutequalintheWesternWorld.1．Heisnot________tothepositionandwe’dbettergetsomebodyelsetodoit.A．fit

B．goodC．equal D．interested【解析】

beequalto胜任的。该句意为“他胜任不了那个职位，我们最好另找他人做这件事”。【答案】

C1．Runningacompanyisnot________amatterofhiringpeopie—theyalsoneedtobetrained.A．simply

B．partlyC．seriously D．equally解析：句意是：经营一家公司不仅仅是雇佣工人的问题——他们也需要被培训。simply“仅仅；简单地”；partly“部分地”；seriously“严肃地”；equally“相同地”。答案：A2．Fitnessisimportantinsport，butofatleast________importanceareskills.A．fail B．reasonableC．equal D．proper解析：该题考查形容词作定语的用法。应注意根据句意选用意义恰当的形容词。该句的正常语序为“

butskillsareofatleast________importance”。equalimportance表示“同等重要的”。答案：C2．ordern．次序，顺序；秩序；整齐；命令；订购；订单；点饭(菜)

vt.命令；订购；安排(1)inorderof以……的顺序inorder井然有序；适宜的inordertodo...为了……inorderthat...为了……outoforder紊乱的；出故障的ingoodorder处于良好状态keeporder维持秩序placeanorderforsth.with(sb.)

和(某人)订购某物give/takeorders下达/接受命令putsth.inoder把……放整齐(2)ordersb.todosth./orderdoingsth.命令(某人)做某事orderthat...(should)＋动词原形命令……ordersb.sth.＝ordersth.forsb.为某人订购……①Hegaveordersfortheworktobestartedimmediately.他发出指示要立即开始工作。②Thedoctororderedmetotakearestforamonth.＝ThedoctororderedthatI(should)takearestforamonth.医生指示我要休息一个月。③Thephoneisoutoforder.

电话坏了。④

Someteachersfinditdifficulttokeeporderinclasses.许多老师发现课堂秩序很难维持。⑤

Pleasearrangethethinginorderofthesize.请按照尺寸的大小排序。Nowhehasachanceputhislifebackinorder.现在他有机会使他的生活恢复正常了。I'dliketoplaceanorderforsometeawithyou.我想从贵公司订购一些茶叶. 完成句子①这本书我想订十册。Iwouldliketoplaceanorderfortencopiesofthisbook.②我的闹钟坏了，今天早晨3点就把我叫醒了。Myclockwasoutoforderandwokemeupat3o’clockthismorning.③离开办公室前，他把文件整理了一下。Heputhispapersinorderbeforehelefttheoffice.3.完成句子(1)他命令战士们开火。Heorderedthesoldierstofire.(2)他们要求每砍伐一棵树就要补栽两棵树。Theyorderedthatforeverytreecutdowntwomore(should)beplanted.2．Hishouseiswelldesignedandeverythinginsideitisputin________.A．line B．orderC．sight D．way【解析】他的房子设计得很好，里面的每一件东西都放得井井有条。【答案】

B3．Heorderedthatthework________atonce.A．started B．wasstartedC．start D．bestarted解析：order表示“命令”，后跟定语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即sb.shoulddo...，其中should可以省略，本句中因为从句的主语为thework，所以应用被动语态(should)bestarted。本句意为“他下令立即开展工作。”答案：D4．Johnsavedhismoney________hecanbuyabicycle.A．incase B．inorderthatC．inorderto D．asthough解析：考查inorderthat引导目的状语从句的用法。本句意为“约翰为了买自行车把钱都存了起来。”incase表示“以防；万一”；asthough表示“好像”，与题意不符；而若选C则应表达为inordertobuyabicycle。答案：B3．contributionn．[C]贡献，投稿；[U]捐献，捐助；[C]捐献的物品(或钱)①Allthemoneytothefloodedareashasbeenraisedbyvoluntarycontributions.所有去灾区的钱都是靠自愿捐献筹措的。②Thisweek'sissuehascontributionsfromseveralwell­respectedjournalists.这期周刊有几位德高望重的新闻记者的稿件。③Peoplerememberhimforhiscontributionstothecountry.人们因为他对这个国家的贡献而记住他。makeacontributionto巧学助记①Doessmokingcontributetolungcancer?吸烟会导致肺癌吗？②Hehasmadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofourcompany.他对我们公司的发展做出了巨大贡献。③HecontributedalotofmoneytotheHopeProject.他捐很多钱给希望工程。④Aproperamountofexercisecontributestogoodhealth.适度的运动有益健康。5．Wecanseemonumentshereandthere.Thosewhohavemadeagreat________tohumanbeingsandsocietywillneverbeforgotten.A．advance B．progressC．contribution D．achievement解析：考查词义辩析。achievement指“成就”；progress指“进步”；advance指“前进，进步”；这里makeacontributionto表示“为……作出贡献”。本句意为“我们到处可见纪念碑，那些为人类和社会作出巨大贡献的人将永垂不朽。”所以选C。答案：C4．resignv．辞职；辞去(职务)n.辞去(职务)(1)resignfrom...从……辞去职务resignone'spost/position辞职resignoneselfto(doing)sth.使自己安于(做)某事(尤其指无法避免的不愉快的事)；顺从，听从resign...to...把……托付给……(2)resignedadj.已辞职的；已放弃的，顺从的beresignedtosth./doingsth.心甘情愿①Iresignmyselftoyourguidance.我听从你的指导。②Sheseemsresignedtonothavingaholidaythisyear.她对今年不休假似乎并无怨言。

Afteranumberofdisagreementswiththecommittee,thechairmandecidedto_____.A.retire B.retreatC.withdraw D.resign【解析】选D。resign“辞职”符合题意。retire“退休”，指由于达到法定年龄而不再从事该工作。retreat“退却；撤退”，常用于部队、军队上的撤军；withdraw“收回；撤退”，常用于文件等方面。5．conditionn．状况；条件；环境；社会地位living/workingconditions居住/工作环境oncondition(that)在……条件下；倘若onnocondition一点也不，绝不beingoodcondition状态良好beoutofcondition身体不适①Walktoworkeverydayandyou'llsoonbebackingoodcondition.每天步行去上班，你就会很快恢复健康的。②RonlentmethemoneyonconditionthatIpayitbacknextmonth.罗恩把钱借给我，条件是下月归还。③Onnoconditiondoeshegiveintotheenemy.他绝不会向敌人屈服。Onnoconditionshouldyougiveup.你决不应该放弃。 用condition/state/situation填空①I’vehadnoexerciseforages;I’mreallyoutofcondition.②Thepresentsituationcallsfornewmeasures.③Wemustkeepupagoodstateofmindwheneverweareintrouble.(1)Thehospitaldescribedits

as“satisfactory”whilehefelttherewassomethingwrong.A.conditionB.stateC.energyD.position

解析

condition条件；state状态；energy

能量；position职位；位置。句意为：这家医院自称条件“令人满意”，然而他却感到有不对劲的地方。A4．Ronlentmethemoneyon________thatIpayitbacknextmonth.A．condition B．conditionsC．state D．situation【解析】

onconditionthat在……条件下。句意为：罗恩把钱借给我，条件是下个月我还给他。【答案】

A1.It’simportantforustoemployawordoraphraseaccordingtothe______inlanguagestudies.［2011哈尔滨模拟］A.situationB.expressionC.conditionD.translation【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。situation情景,形势;expression表达,表情;condition状况,环境,条件;translation翻译。句意:在语言学习中我们要根据情景使用单词或短语,这是非常重要的。stressn．压力，重压；强调；重音；vt.着重；强调；重读(1)lay/place/putstresson把重点放在……上；在……上用力underthestressof为……所迫understress在压力之下cause/reducestress造成/减少压力(2)stresstheimportanceof强调……的重要性(3)stressfuladj.产生压力的，使紧迫的，紧张的①Heisundergreatstressbecauseofhisnewjob.新工作使他感受到沉重的压力。②Theteacherlaidparticularstressontheneedfordiscipline.老师特别强调纪律的必要性。③ImuststressthatwhatIsaymustbekeptasasecret.我强调我说的话必须保密。④Shefindshernewteachingjobverystressful.她觉得新的教学工作非常紧张。Hestolesomebreadunderthestressofhungerandwasbeatenblackandblue.为饥饿所迫他偷了一些面包，被打得青一块紫一块。

Myparentslaygreatstressonhonesty,whichIappreciate.我父母非常看重诚实的品质;我很欣赏这一点。活学活用Peopleunderalotof

mayexperienceheadaches,minorpainsandsleepingdifficulties.A.forceB.stressC.powerD.strength解析

stress压力;force武力;power动力;strength力气；力量。understress在压力之下。B1．beatwarwith与……交战(1)acivil/coldwar内战/冷战make/declarewaron...对……宣战gotowar诉诸武力，出征，宣战，进入战争状态(2)“at＋n.”构成短语，表示“处于一种什么样的状态”atpeace处于和平状态atrest在休息atrisk在冒险atwork在工作attable在吃饭atsea在航海；茫然，不知所措①Thecountryhasbeenatwarwithitsneighbourfortwoyears.

这个国家与邻国已打了两年仗了。②Thegovernmenthasdeclaredwarondrugdealers.政府已向贩毒分子宣战。③GermanyhasbeenatpeacewithFranceforfiftyyears.德国与法国已和平相处了50年。Wehopethecanfindasolutionwithoutgoingtowar.我希望他们能找到不进行战争的解决办法。 完成句子①Thecountryhasbeenatwarwith（与……交战）itsneighboringcountryfortwoyears.②Peopleintheworlddon’twanttogotowar（诉诸武力）tosettletheinternationaldisputes. Ⅱ.单项填空1．PresidentObamadeclaredAmericawasnotandneverwouldbe________war________Islam.A．on；in B．at；inC．with；at D．at；with解析：beatwarwith与……交战。答案：D1.Theyhadbeenat______warforfiveyears,andtherewasstillno______signofvictory.A.a;aB.the;theC./;/D./;a【解析】选C。考查冠词与固定搭配。beatwar处于交战状态,是固定短语,中间没有冠词。sign虽然是可数名词,但其前面有no,就不需要冠词了。因为no=nota/notany。5．Wouldn’titbe________wonderfulworldifallnationslivein________peacewithoneanother?A．a；/ B．the；/C．a；the D．the；the【解析】

awonderfulworld一个美好的世界，inpeace和平地(相处)。【答案】

A2．bringup养育；教育；提出(话题)；呕吐①Helefthertobringuptheiryoungchildrenonherown.他留下她独自抚养他们年幼的孩子。②Hisnewsuggestionwasbroughtupatthemeeting.他的新议案在会议上被提出来。③Hewasdrunkandbroughtupwhathehadatmidnight.他喝醉了，半夜里把吃的东西都吐了。bringforward提出(论点、问题等)bringabout引起，导致(事故、变化等)bringalong随身携带bringback归还；带回；(事物)使记起bringdown使倒下；弄倒；降低bringin吸引；引进；赚得bringout使罢工；使显现；阐明；出版

④Whatbroughtaboutthechangeinhisattitude?是什么使他改变了态度？⑤Thephotographsbroughtbackmanypleasantmemories.那些照片给人带来很多美好的回忆。Theteachersshouldbringinthenewteachingmethods.教师应该引进新的教学方法。

Oncethepoisonis____,thereisnofurtherdanger.A.broughtup B.broughtinC.broughtback D.broughtabout【解析】选A。句意为：一旦把毒药吐出，就不会有更多危险。bringup“吐出；养育”；bringin“引进”；bringback“归还”；bringabout“引起；导致”。活学活用I’mallforfamilies,andforchildrenbeing

insecure,lovingenvironment.A.pickedupB.endedupC.broughtupD.takenup解析

bringup抚养;pickup拾起;用车接；endup结束；takeup拿起；从事；占(时间、空间等)。句意为:我是为了整个家庭，为了孩子们能在一个无虑的、爱的环境中成长。C2．Hewas________byhisauntinasmallmountainvillage.A．grownup B．comeupC．broughtup D．broughtabout解析：growup和comeup分别意为“长大”和“被提出来”，是不及物动词短语，都不能用于被动语态；bringabout表示“引起；导致”；bringup是及物动词短语，表示“抚养；养育”。本句意为“他由他的姑姑在一个小山村抚养长大。”答案：C3．Hisideaofhavingweeklyfamilymealstogether，whichseemeddifficultatfirst，has________manygoodchangesintheirlives.A．gotthrough B．grewupC．turnedinto D．broughtabout解析：getthrough表示“穿过；完成”；growup表示“长大”；turninto表示“变为”；bringabout表示“引起；导致”。本句意为“他的每周进行家庭聚餐的主意，起初似乎很困难，但给他们的生活带来了一些好的变化。”答案：D2．Youngchildrenshouldbe________tobehonestandequal.A．broughtup B．broughtoutC．broughtdown D．broughtin【解析】

bringupsb.todo教养……使之能……。句意为：应该教导小孩子诚实和平等。【答案】

A3．Agreatdealofscienceandtechniquehasbeen________sinceChinacarried________reformandopenpolicy.A．broughtdown；on B．broughtin；outC．broughtout；out D．broughtup；on【解析】动词短语辨析题。carryon继续进行，进行下去；carryout实行，执行。句意为“自从中国实行改革开放以来，大量的科学技术被引进”。“引进，吸收”应用bringin。【答案】

Binconclusion总之；总而言之(1)reach/draw/cometo/arriveataconclusion得出结论,下结论(2)concludev．结束；下结论；推断concludethat＝drawaconclusionthat下结论toconclude总而言之，总之，最后作插入语①Inconclusion，Ithinkthebestwaytomakeafriendistobeone.总之，我认为交朋友最好的办法是去做一个朋友。②Thedebatedidnotcometoaconclusionuntilmidnight.辩论直到午夜才结束。③Wecametotheconclusionthattheroommusthavebeenempty.=Weconcludedthattheroommusthavebeenempty.我们的结论是：那个房间当时一定是空的。1．—Annseemstobeupset.What’sup?—She________fromthevoiceonthelinethathermotherisnotsatisfiedwithhertestscores.A．includes B．concludesC．suggests D．contains【解析】

答句意为：她根据电话中的声音断定母亲对她的考试成绩不满意。【答案】

B活学活用(1)

,Iwouldliketothankthedirectorandthesponsor.A.InallB.ForallC.InconclusionD.Toconclude

解析inall总共，总计；forall尽管；

inconclusion总之；toconclude总而言之。C2.Heisacutler(刀具商)—______,amanwhosellsknivesandsharptools.A.inconclusionB.ingeneralC.what’smoreD.thatistosay【解析】选D。句意：他是个刀具商——也就是说,他是一个卖刀和锋利器具的人。inconclusion总之;ingeneral一般说来;what’smore而且;thatistosay也就是说。3．forthefirsttime第一次(在句中作时间状语)thefirsttime第一次(引导时间状语从句)Itistimeforsb.todosth.Itis(high)timethatsb.didsth.

shoulddo第二个句型用一般过去时表达虚拟语气，表示“是该某人做某事的时候了”。Itisthe+序数词+timethat从句谓语has/havedoneItwasthe+序数词+timethat从句谓语haddoneThe+序数词+n+todo①ThefirsttimeIsawher,Ifellinlovewithher.=WhenIsawherforthefirsttime,Ifellinlovewithher.我第一次看见她，我就爱上了她。②It’stimetogotobed.该到睡觉的时间了。It’s(high)timethatyoucleanedtheclassroom.=It’s(high)timethatyoushouldcleantheclassroom.该到你打扫教室的时间了。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentoBeijing.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeentoBeijing.这是我第一次到北京。Iwasthefirstpersontowintheprize.我是第一个赢得这个奖的人。Ⅰ.选词填空wakeup，bringup，takepridein，inconclusion，contributeto，beatwar1．Whyarethosetwocountriesstill________．2．Acoldshowersoon________you________．3．Variousfactors________hisfailure.4．Mary________herlonghair.5．Lincoln________byhisstep­motherafterhismotherdied.6．IaminterestedinthebookanditisaboutthesubjectIlike.________，I'dliketotakeit.答案：1.atwar

2.woke；up

3.contributedto4．takespridein

5.wasbroughtup

6.Inconclusion1．Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated.已所不欲，勿施于人。way此处意为“方式，方法”，它后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作状语时，可以用that或inwhich来引导，that或inwhich也可以省略。①Ihatethewayshealwayscriticizesme.我讨厌她一贯批评我的方式。②Idon’tlikethewaythat(inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。③Canyouworkoutaway(that/inwhich)，wecansolvethisproblem?你能找出一种我们能够解决这个问题的方法吗？(2)theway跟定语从句，若关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。③Heofferedsomewaysthat/whichworkedverywellinpractice.他提供了一些办法，这些办法在实践中很有效。④Thewaythat/whichyouthoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasgood.你想出的解决问题的办法很好。

Ifyoudoit_____,youaresuretomakerapidprogress.A.ontheway B.bythewayC.inaway D.inthisway【解析】选D。inthisway意为“以这种方法”，A项意为“在……途中”，B项意为“顺便说一下”，C项意为“在某种程度上”，故A、B、C项均不符合题意。本句意为“如果你用这种方法做的话，你肯定会取得很快的进步”。3．Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.A．intheway B．inthewaythatC．theway D．thewaywhich【解析】

not...but...连接的前后两部分应是并列成分，not后面所接的what引导的名词性从句决定了but后面应该是名词，所以排除A项和B项；theway作先行词，后面的连接词可以是that或inwhich或省略连接词，故C项正确。【答案】

C2．Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性善。believe后是that引导的宾语从句，从句中使用thereasonwhy/for...isthat...句式，其中why引导的是定语从句；is后的that引导的是表语从句。①Thereasonwhyhewasabsentisthathewasill.他缺席的原因是他病了。②TheonlyreasonIwentwasthatIwantedtomeetyourfriends.我去的唯一的理由是想见见你的朋友们。ThereasonwhyIboughtonewasthatitwassocheap.我买了一个的原因是价钱很便宜。【特别提示】

reason用作定语从句先行词时，首先判断reason在定语从句中作什么成分，如果作状语，则要使用关系副词why或forwhich引导定语从句，而且why有时可省略；如作主语或宾语，则使用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。Ididn'tbelievethereasonthat/whichhegaveme.我不相信他给我的理由。We’dliketoknowthe