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采矿工程专业英语词汇手册(GlossaryofSpecialEnglishinMiningEngineering)——《采矿学》双语教学专用采矿工程专业内部讲义九月Content目录minen.矿山,矿井。v.采矿collieryn.矿井coalmining采煤undergroundmining地下开采surfacemining露天开采reserven.储量coal-bearingadj.含煤的highproductionandhighefficiency高产高效developmentn.开拓preparationn.准备miningmethod采煤方法subsidev.下沉,沉陷subsidencen.沉降,沉陷miningsubsidencen.开采沉陷mechanizev.使…机械化mechanizationn.机械化coalfieldn.煤田miningarean.矿区minefieldn.井田dividev.划分divisionn.划分mineproductioncapacity(MPC)矿井生产能力mineservicelife矿井服务年限productionscaleofmine井型smallmine小型矿井middlemine中型矿井largemine大型矿井hugemine特大型矿井striken.走向dipn.倾向dipangle倾角workableadj.可采的workablereserven.可采储量openingn.通道,开口mineopeningn.矿山井巷passagewayn.通道shaftn.立井roadwayn.巷道chambern.硐室mainshaft主立井auxiliaryshaft副立井airshaft风井blindshaft暗立井drawnshaft溜井chuten.溜煤眼aditn.平硐driftn.平硐crosscutn.联络巷;石门coalcrosscut煤门entryn.平巷haulagen.运送mainhaulageroadway重要运送平巷mainreturn-airroadway重要回风平巷headentry区段运送平巷tailentry区段回风平巷slopen.斜井risen.上山dipn.下山rockrise岩石上山coalrise煤层上山coalhaulagerise运煤上山materialtransportingrise运料上山return-airrise回风上山men-walkingrise行人上山inclinedroadwayofastrip分带斜巷inclinedcoalhaulageroadwayofastrip分带运煤斜巷inclinedmaterialhaulageroadwayofastrip分带运料斜巷developmentroadway开拓巷道preparationroadway准备巷道gateway回采巷道pitbottom井底车场shaftbottom井底车场stationn.车场,车站miningdistrictstation采区车场horizonn.阶段leveln.水平haulagelevel运送水平return-airlevel回风水平mininglevel开采水平intervalbetweenlevels阶段垂高miningdistrict采区paneln.盘区subleveln.分段stripdistrictn.带区inclinedlength斜长strikelength走向长度districtsublevel区段Open-offcutn.切眼coalfacen.采煤面workingface工作面productionn.生产;产量productionsystem生产系统coalhaulagesystem运煤系统ventilationn.通风ventilationsystem通风系统freshair新鲜风dirtyair乏风,污风refusen.矸石materialandrefusetransportationsystem运料排矸系统drainv.排水drainagesystem排水系统powersupplysystem(electricpower,compressedair)动力供应(电、压风)communicationandmonitoringsystem通讯、监测系统drivev.掘进excavatev.开挖,开掘hoistv.提高winchn.绞车stope采场miningworks/units回采工作basicoperation基本工序breakv.破碎loadv.装载haulv.运送auxiliaryoperations辅助工序roofsupport顶板支护gobtreatment采空区解决auxiliarytransportation辅助运送ventilation通风drainage排水powersupply供电,emulsionsupply供液(乳化液)等。winning/miningtechnique采煤工艺miningsystem采煤系统miningroadwaylayout回采巷道布置classifyv.分类drymining旱采wallminingsystem壁式开采full-seammining整层singlelongwallminingmethod单一长壁采煤法longwallminingonstrike走向长壁开采longwallminingoninclineii倾向长壁开采sublevelcaving放顶煤shield掩护支架slicingmethod分层inclinedslicing倾斜分层horizontalslicing水平分层obliqueslicing斜切分层top-slicingsystemofsublevelcaving水平分段放顶煤pillarminingsystem柱式开采roomandpillarminingmethod房柱式roommethod房式hydraulicmining水采undergroundliquefaction地下液化和气化undergroundgasification地下液化和气化roofcaving垮落法(自然垮落、强制放顶)packing充填法pillarsupport刀柱式nearlyhorizontalcoalseam近水平煤层gentlyinclinedcoalseam缓斜煤层inclinedcoalseam倾斜煤层steeplyinclined~急倾斜厚煤层:thincoalseam薄煤层middlethickcoalseam中厚煤层thickcoalseam厚煤层steeplyinclinedcoalseamwithanhugethickness急倾斜特厚煤层blastingminingtechnology炮采conventionallymechanizedminingtechnology普通机械化采煤工艺fullymechanizedminingtechnology综合机械化采煤工艺fullymechanizedminingwithtopcoalcavingtechnology综采放顶煤工艺continuousminer连续采煤机shuttlecarn.梭车universalextensibleconveyor万向接长机boltv.打锚杆;n.锚杆miningmethod采矿方法;miningoperation采矿作业;groundcontrol顶板管理;recovery回采率;subsidencecontrol地表沉陷控制cover覆盖层;overburden上覆地层;immediateroof直接顶;floor底板;hardness硬度;strength强度cleavage解理gas,methane瓦斯dailyoperation平常工作singleoperation单一工序unitoperation单元作业auxiliaryoperation辅助作业cuttingn.切割,掏槽;lightingn.照明outcrop露头,露出地面的岩层developmentstage开拓阶段productionstage生产阶段haulagecapacity运送能力mainentry主巷barrierpillar隔离煤柱buttentry区段平巷shearer滚筒采煤机planer,Plow刨煤机augermining螺旋钻开采rapidexcavation快速掘进oceanmining海洋采矿mineboundary井田边界terrainn.地形geologicalstructure地质构造faultn.断层foldn.褶皱downfoldn.背斜upfoldn.向斜coalquality煤质occurrence赋存minegeologicalreserve矿井地质储量usablereserves(A+B+C+D)可运用储量tempraryuselessresrves暂不能运用储量mineindustrialreserveZg=(A+B+C)矿井工业储量futurereserve(D)远景储量workablereserve开采储量designedlostreserve设计煤炭损失recoveryrate回采率MineProductionCapacity(MPC)矿井生产能力coalfaceoutput采煤工作面产量miningdistrictproductioncapacity采区生产能力costpertoncoalproduct吨煤成本mineservicelife矿井使用年限minefielddevelopment井田开拓developmentroadway开拓巷道developmentway开拓方式developmentsystem开拓系统portaltype井筒类型aditdevelopment平硐开拓slopedevelopment斜井开拓ﻩshaftdevelopment立井开拓combineddevelopment综合开拓developmentroadwaylayout开拓巷道布置mainroadwayforsingleseam分层大巷gatheringmainroadway集中大巷gateringmainroadwayforeachcoalseamgroup分组集中大巷singlelevel单水平mutiplelevel多水平preparationtype准备方式risetype上山式riseanddipType上下山式combinedrisesanddip上山、上下山混合式industrialarea工业场地mininglevel开采水平pitbottom井底车场developmentdeepening开拓延深replacementofmininglevel水平接替transportationfacility运送设备electromechanicalmineoperation矿井机电作业capitalinvestment基本建设投资。minability可采性marketability适销性,可销性coalreserve煤矿nominal,名义上的,极小的。operatingmine生产矿井surfacetopography地面地形,表面地形coalfield煤田measure层组coal-bearingmeasure含煤地层tilledarea耕地reservoir水库powerline电力线,输电线reservationn.保存地;自然保护区portal井筒expectedlifeofthemine矿井的设计使用年限railhaulage轨道运送drift平硐shaft立井,竖井slope斜井topsoil(表土层),quicksand(流砂层).mainshaft主立井auxiliaryshaft副立井airshaft风井transferhouse中转煤仓headframe井架hoisthouse提高机房,绞车房skip箕斗cage罐笼cardump卸煤设备storagebin井底煤仓pressuredrop压降capitalcost基建费用advancingmining前进式开采retreatingmining后退式开采descendingmining下行式downwardsmining下行式upwardmining上行式double-trackedtrainhoistingsystem双沟串车提高系统Single-trackedtrainhoistingsystem单钩串车提高系统endlessrop无极绳提高Overheadmonorial单轨吊Sublevelslopedevelopment片盘斜井Starcase-likeAdit阶梯平硐pumpstation泵站sumpn.水仓areadevelopment分区域开拓gasn.瓦斯Powerbeltconveyor强力皮带机centerrise中央上山surroundingrock围岩maintenancen.维护hydro-geologicalcondition水文地质条件weatheredzone风化带foldn.褶皱faultn.断层Outcropn.露头ventilationresistance通风阻力combineddevelopment综合开拓Multiple-portalareadevelopment多井筒分区域开拓pitbottom井底车场mainhaulagecross-cut主运送石门mainhaulageroadway运送大巷districtbottomstation采区下部车场districtmiddlestation采区中部车场districttopstation采区上部车场districtcoalbunker采区煤仓districthaulagerise采区运送上山districttrackrise采区轨道上山mainreturnairway总回风巷mainreturn-airroadway回风大巷headentry区段运送平巷tailentry区段回风平巷subleveldistricthaulagecrosscut区段运送石门subleveldistrictreturn-aircrosscut区段回风石门stripn.分带,条带stripstrict带区paneln.盘区工作面周边地层:Overlyingstrata上覆地层:Mainroof老顶,基本顶Immediateroof直接顶Gob采空区--Face—rib(煤壁)Floor底板Underlyingstrata下伏地层Groundcontrol顶板解决方式:(1)Caving;(2)Pack。Stable切口,机窝deadwork准备工作,非生产性工作。Mobilebeltconveyor可移式胶带运送机Noexception无一例外regularmaintenancen.平常修理,定期检修Downtime停工期(由于损坏、修理等因素导致的停机时间),停工时间,停机时间Clearance空隙Immediateareaoftheface:工作面的直接区域Ribline煤壁线,腰线heading掘进头,平巷uptodip沿倾斜上行Compressionstrength压缩强度Underlyingstrata下伏地层bedseparation离层Onstrike沿走向Rad=radian,弧度Cleat解理Holdtrue有效,合用Halfbuttcutting半垂直切割Angleofattack冲角virginconditions原始条件;HarderroofstrataSoftercoalseam――uniformlydistributedstress,theoverburdenweightHarderfloorstratainducedbymining采动引起的Stressdistribution应力分布Deflect偏斜,偏转,挠曲,下垂Cavein冒顶,垮落Frontabutmentpressure前方支承压力Sideabutmentpressure侧向支承压力Rearabutmentpressure后方支承压力前方支承压力:分布范围:150mfirstfelt/occur出现,有反映,有感应;45-60mpickupslightly略有增长,略有加速;15-21mincreaserapidly迅速增长;1.5-5m支承压力峰值peakabutmentpressuremagnitudeofthepeakabutmentpressure峰值大小:1.5-5overburdernweight后方压力:verticalpressurefacearea:farbelowthecoverloadgobarea:graduallyincreaseatlast:thecoverload范围:0.3-0.4theoverburdenthickness.NoabutmentpressureSideabutmentFirstfelt:Atthesametimeasthefrontabutmentpressure范围:fromtheribto1/3or1/4hlargestattheribside,decreaseexponentiallywithdistancefromribpositionofpeakpressure:0.015hMagnitudedependonthethicknessandlengthoftheimmediateroofhanginginthegob.Gobarea采空区稳定--slip,sag,separate--caveinFacearea工作面区SupporttheimmediateroofSolidcoal实体煤Face-to-gobdistance控顶距,工作面到采空区的距离。Yieldpressure屈服压力supportresistance支架阻力Face-to-tipdistance端面距Precut预切割Frames节式支架Stroke行程Chocksupport垛式支架Double-actingram双作用千斤顶Webcut截深Shields掩护式支架Doublelink双键Lemniscate双纽线,四联杆Roofcanopy顶梁Chock-Shield支撑掩护式支架leg,prop立柱canopy顶梁forwardcanopy前梁rearcanopy尾梁cavingshield掩护梁flipper,spaulingshield护帮板slider,jackboard插板ram,cylinder,jack千斤顶hose油管emulsion乳化液valve阀supportyielding支架卸载miner,miningmachine采煤机continuousminer连续采煤机shearer滚筒采煤机motor电动机、马达electricmotor电机haulagegearcase牵引部gearhead传动部cutterdrumgearcase滚筒截割部bedplate底盘、底座controlunit控制装置chain链条reducinggearbox减速箱pillboard挡煤板cowl挡煤板bit截齿drum滚筒ranging-arm摇臂gear齿轮track轨道geartrack齿轨gearcasen.齿轮箱Rotor转子flexibleflightconveyor/facechainconveyor工作面可弯曲刮板输送机maincomponents重要部件drivehead机头部electricmotor电动机Hydrauliccoupling液力联轴器speedreducer减速器chainwheel/sprocket链轮driveheadframe机头架middlesections中间部linepan溜槽flight/scraper刮板linkchain刮板链endlesschain无极链机尾部tailend机尾架Driveendframe链轮sprocket附属装置auxiliarydrives/units挡煤板spillboard/spillplate(cowl罩,外壳)铲煤板rampplate千斤顶jackchaindrive链式传动:classificationaccordingtochainarrangement双边链doublestrandoutboardchain三链triplestrandchain单中链singlemiddlechain双中链doublemiddlechain新型刮板输送机侧卸式side-loadingfightconveyor垂直转弯式roller-curvefightconveyor转载机TransferconveyorAshortheavyflexibleflightconveyor桥式转载机(bridge)stageloader区段皮带输送机Maincomponents皮带belt托辊roller支撑托辊supportingroller机架frame传动装置driveunit电动机electricmotor联轴器coupling减速器speedreducer滚筒drum①卸载滚筒unloadeddrum②机尾导向滚筒tailguidedrum③拉紧滚筒take-updrum④机尾导向滚筒guidedrum拉紧装置take-upunits制动装置Brakingdevices采区运送系统:上山rise下山dipDipangle≤15°beltconveyor15°<Dipangle≤25°chainconveyorDipangle>25°ceramicconveyor水平运送系统水平运送大巷horizontalhaulageentrybeltconveyor矿车trolleywagons机车locomotive电力机车trolleylocomotive蓄电池机车batterylocomotive矿车wagon固定箱式矿车FixedboxwagonTippingbucketwagonFrontunloadingwagon底卸式矿车Bottom-dumpwagon立井提高系统矿井提高系统Minehoistsystem提高机Enginehoist钢丝绳wirerope天轮headsheave(n.滑轮)箕斗skip辅助运送auxiliarytransportationTransportationofmaterial,equipment,wasteandpersonnel材料、设备、矸石、人员副井AuxiliaryshaftSimilartomainshaft罐笼Cage――hoistcontainer斜井SlopeIntheslope,materialandequipmentareusuallytransportedbydirectropehoistandendlessropehoist.Whilethewasteistransportedbyskipandtrainaccordingtothedipangle.Thepersonnelaretransportedbyaspecialman-carintheslope.水平运送大巷horizontalhaulageentryElectriclocomotivehaulthewagonstotransportmaterial,equipment,waste.Electriclocomotivehaulthespecialman-carstotransportminers.采区上下山districtriseanddip1)有极绳提高Directropehoistdipangle:8-22钢丝绳的一端与矿车相连,通过绞车(winch)放出和收回。2)无极绳提高Endlessropehoistdipangle:≤10区段运送Tailentry:wagons+wireropeOverheadmonorail单轨吊OverheadendlessropehoistTransferconveyor转载运送机Stageloader桥式转载机Rollercurveconveyor滚轴转弯运送机风机:Ventilationfan回风井:Returnshaft进风井:IntakeshaftWorkingfaceIntakeworking回风巷道:Returnroadway新鲜风:FreshairAirflow乏风:Dirtyair回风系统:抽出式通风:Exhaustventilation负压negativepressure压入式通风:Forcedventilation正压Positivepressure风机类型:离心式风机:Centrifugalfan;轴流式风机:Axialflowfan。通风设施:Ventilatingstructures风墙:Ventilationwall风门:Airdoor风桥:AirbridgeAirregulator防尘、灭尘:Dustsuppressionwaterspray洒水,mistspray喷雾固定滚筒双向截割采煤机fixed-drumbi-directionalshearer单滚筒可调高采煤机single-drumranging-armshearer双滚筒可调高采煤机double-dramranging-armshearer矿井瓦斯:minegas瓦斯:gas,methane,firedampAllhazardousgasesinundergroundcoalmines,itsmajorcomponentisCH4.Colorless,odorless,nonpoisonous,Combustible.Itsdensityislessthanthatoftheair,soitoftenaccumulatesneartheroof.Gas/methanecontrol瓦斯控制Gassymine高瓦斯矿井Twodistinctphasesofoperation:Firstroomsandpillarsaredevelopedinasection.Thesecondisminingpillars.Twobasicminingmethods:Conventionalminingmethod.普通采煤方法Cutting掏槽atthebottomofthecoalseamahorizontalslotis6-9inch,5-7feetdeepDrilling钻眼theoptimumnumberandlocationofboreholescoalfragmentsafterblastingneithertoobignortoosmallforefficientloading.Blasting爆破explosivesareloadedintoeachboreholeanddetonatedn.起爆Loading装煤shuttlecarsectionbeltconveyor.Twoshuttlecarsareused.roofbolting顶板锚杆支护为了充足发挥设备和人员的能力,至少同时掘进5个平行的巷道。由于生产环节多、分散,逐渐被连续采煤方法取代。Continuousminingmethod.连续采煤方法Icontinuousminer+shuttlecar连续采煤机+梭车工艺+sectionbeltconveyor+roofbolting间断运送工艺IIcontinuousminer+(intermediate)conveyors连续采煤机+输送机工艺+sectionbeltconveyor+roofbolting连续的运送工艺Pillarrecovery回收煤柱Therearethreemethodsofextractingpillars,open-endmethod,pocketandwingmethodandsplittingmethod.open-endmethod开端式pocketandwingmethod袋翼式splitting劈柱式pillarblockslifts/slices煤柱――块――切块Coalproperty煤矿Area盘区Setofentries巷道群Engineervt.设计Slough脱落,剥落,碎落;崩落,坍塌,滑坍Crush压碎Afunctionof是…的函数,随…而变。Relativestrength相对强度Clearance净空BlockofcoalRoomworkCuttingconsequence切割顺序Faceminingcycle工作面开采循环Miningpractice开采Colloquial[kE5lEukwiEl]adj.口语的,通俗的Dictate规定,制定Outline形成…轮廓Incorporate…as…Ample充足的,丰富的solidworkchainpillar巷道煤柱lessen减少,减轻lift小煤块、slice切块physicalconditionn.实际条件post柱子,支柱stump煤柱slab平板fender煤柱,窄煤柱handloading人工装载commonpractice惯例concurrentlyn.同时发生地,并行地inplace就地,原地;在地层内rideover骑马来,跨在…上masonryn.砖石工程,砖石建筑砌筑。Masonrystopping砌筑风墙Canvasstopping帆布风帘LineBrattice纵向风障Loadingstation装车点1Roadwaysection巷道断面掘进drive,tunnel,excavate平巷掘进Drifting巷道掘进roadwayexcavation平巷掘进n.drifting沉井,凿井n.sinking上山掘进n.raising下山掘进n.1)Theshapeofroadwaysection断面形状巷道断面形状重要取决于地层条件、服务年限和支护材料。Theshapeofroadwaysectiondependsmainlyonstrataconditions,theservinglifeandsupportingmaterials.井筒Shaft,circular大巷Mainentry,arched,horseshoe上山rise,ladder-shaped,trapezoidal顺槽Gateway,ladder-shaped,trapezoidal2)Thesizeofroadwaysection断面尺寸巷道断面尺寸重要取决于巷道的用途。Thesizeofroadwaysectiondependsmainlyonitsuse.它取决于运送或提高设备或其它设备的尺寸,还要根据通风规定对巷道断面尺寸加以修改。Itisdependentonhaulageorhoistingequipmentorotherdevicesused,anditismodifiedaccordingtotheventilationrequirement.净宽,netwidth;净高netheight;净断面面积netsectionarea。2Roadwayexcavationinrocks岩巷掘进炮掘,爆破掘进:blastingexcavation装岩,除渣:mucking掘进工艺涉及重要作业和辅助作业,其中重要作业涉及破岩、装岩、运送、支护,辅助作业涉及通风、铺设轨道、挖掘排水沟、铺设管线等等。Theexcavationtechniqueconsistsofmainoperationsincludingbreaking,loading,haulageandsupport,andauxiliaryworkincludingventilation,layingthetrack,diggingditchesandlayingpipesetc.1)Breaking破岩打眼放炮是目前应用最广泛的破岩方法。Drillingandblastingisthemostwidelyusedmethodofrockbreakingatpresent.(1)drillingDrilln.钻机气动轻型钻机,风钻Air-jackleg气腿式钻机Air-jacklegdrill架式钻机Drifter钻车,凿岩台车Jumbo,drillcarriage湿式钻进Wetdrilling干式钻进Drydrilling钻孔borehole(2)Blasting爆破炸药:Explosive装药:Loadexplosiveintheborehole,charge起爆:detonate雷管:detonator;电雷管:electricdetonator炮眼布置方式:drillingpattern掏槽眼:cuthole辅助眼:auxiliaryhole周边眼:trimhole顶眼:roofhole帮眼:flankhole底眼:Bottomhole起爆顺序:firingsequenceCutauxiliaryroof&flankbottomThetypeofexplosiveused,rockproperties,andmethodofloadingandsequenceoffiringtheholes,affectholedepth,diameter,alignmentandspacing.采用的炸药的类型、岩石的特性、装岩方法、各个钻孔的起爆顺序,这些都影响着钻孔深度、直径、排列和间距的拟定。Ablastroundconsistsofcut,relief,breast,andtrimholes.一个爆破炮眼组涉及掏槽眼、辅助眼、压眼和边界眼。2)Excavationfaceventilation掘进面通风Fan风机Airpipe风筒3)loadingandhaulage装岩和运送铲斗装岩机Shovelmucker耙斗装岩机Scrapermucker机车+矿车Locomotive+wagons4)support支护3Roadwayexcavationincoals煤巷掘进1)conventionalexcavationofcoaldrift传统的煤层平巷掘进法Breakingisbymeansofdrillingandblasting.手持式电钻:handheldelectricdrillloading:handloading人工装煤scrapermucker:耙斗装煤机coalloader:装煤机扒抓,蟹抓2gathering-arms刮板输送机:1scraperconveyor2)综掘fullymechanizedexcavation(1)gatewaymachine平巷掘进机组成:掘进头,(boom)cutterhead,cuttinghead装煤装置:loadingmechanism扒抓,蟹抓gathering-arm刮板输送机:scraperconveyorhaulage:皮带输送机:beltstage-loadermechanism履带行走装置:crawlertravelmechanism支撑千斤顶:supportingcylinders,用来固定机器othercylinders,controlcutterhead液控箱hydrauliccontrolbox操作:操作时,一方面驱动履带行走装置,使得切削头碰到煤壁;然后,伸长导向千斤顶和后部千斤顶,支撑到巷道上;这样就固定住了掘进机。然后,切割头在掘进面底部的一侧钻入煤壁。操作水平摆动千斤顶,使切割头割到底部的此外一侧,这就在掘进面底部完毕了一刀作业。操作升降千斤顶,使切割头向上割一定距离(切割头的直径),然后用相同的方法再割第二刀。执行这个循环作业,直到割完整个断面。平巷掘进机可以掘出任何形状和尺寸的断面,如圆形、马蹄形、拱形和长方形。Gatewaymachinecanexcavateanysizeandshapeofcrosssection:

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