第二讲：构词法

Review:checkthetermsaccordingtothedefinitionsAminimalmeaningfulunitofalanguagemorphemeAmorphemethatoccurswithatleastoneothermorphemeboundmorphemeAmorphemethatcanstandalonefreemorphemeAmorphemeattachedtoarootorawordaffixAnaffixthatindicatesgrammaticalrelationshipsInflectionalaffixAnaffixthatformsnewwordswitharootorawordDerivationalaffixWhatremainsofawordaftertheremovalofallaffixesrootEnglishLexicologyPartII：Morphology(WordFormation)ByPsycheCompounding:27%Derivation/Affixation:17.5%Conversion:10.5%Shortening(Clippings,Initials,Acronyms)

:9%Blending:混成法/拼缀法6%back-formation逆生法1%MajorwaysofwordformationCompoundingP38Compositionorcompoundingisaword-formationprocessconsistingofjoiningtwoormorebasestoformanewunit,thatis,acompound.woman,Sunday,Monday,daisy,garlicSilkworm,honeymoon(solid)Honey-bee,town-planning(hyphenated)Teargas(open)Howtoidentifyacompound

compound

phrasegreenhouse greenhousegreenroom greenroomgreenback greenback semanticunityRedmeatMotherwitDogdaysHotdog IndianpaperHowtoidentifyacompoundgrammaticalunitybadmouthHebadmouthedme.New-born,three-year-old

compound

phraseFineart finerartRedtape reddesttapeHotline hotterline ssHowtoidentifyacompoundPhoneticstress

compound

phraseA`fathead afat`head A`darkroom adark`roomA`blackhorse ablack`horseA`grandpiano agrand`piano TypesofcompoundsNouncompoundsAdjectivecompoundsVerbcompounds

NouncompoundsAdj+N:Easychair,deadlineN+N:endproduct,DreamTeam,lipserviceV+N:crybaby,swearwordVing+N:cleaninglady,floatingbridgeV+Adv:sit-in,have-notVing+adv:going-over,carryings-onAdjectivecompoundsWeather-beatenrocks

peacelovingpeopleeverlastingfriendshipahen-peckedhusbandamade-upstoryanonthespotinspection

taxfreeproducts

fire-proofdressYoucanmakeupcompoundsinwriting!asee-throughshirtatoo-eager-not-to-losechampionayou-can-trust-melookacan't-be-put-downbookanever-to-be-forgotteneventhishigher-than-averagewagesthejumping-onto-the-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mousecatVerbcompoundsFormedbyback-formationhouse-keepfromhousekeeper

windowshop

fromwindow-shopping

Mass-produce

frommassproductionchain—smokefromChainsmokerVerbcompoundsFormedbyconversiontoblue-printtocold-shouldertohoneymoontosweet-talktonicknameVerbcompoundsmakewritingvivid!Hesweet-talkedherintonotbeingsosore.LeaveallthatoutandrememberonlythatHughHefinerisamanwhochain-drinksPepsis.Exercise:Formcompoundsandtranslate!well--woman-wide-mindedself--relatedsome-half--conscious-based-proof-in-lawHomework:复习教材38-49，理解并记忆单词；练习1,2,3,4(P49)；Derivation/Affixation(P.25)Theprocessbywhichwordsareformedbyaddingaffixestoaroot.un-natural,hope-ful,kind-ness

PrefixationVSsuffixationPrefixation:getthemeaningsofprefixesinthewords.AntecedentByproductRetrospectHypocriticalIntradayIntrospectIntercedePro-CommunistultraconservatismBeforeOflessimportanceBackBeneathWithinIntoBetweenSupportExtremePrefixationa-/an-amoral,asexual,atheism,apolitical,anarchydis-dishonest,discontent,discover,disobey,disagreein-Incomplete,inconsistent,incorrect,invulnerable,illogical,impolite,imbalance,irrationalnon-nonviolent,non-cooperation,noncontinuous(in)nonautomatic,nonadjustable,nonalcoholic

un-uninformative,unexpected,unease,unrest1)Negative

PrefixationOrderSymmetryGovernmentalBelievableRelatedAlignedDisorderAsymmetryNongovernmentalUnbelievableUnrelatedNonalignedPrefixation2)Reversativede-defrost,deregulation,degeneration,deform,denationalizeun-undo,unpack,untie,unwrap,unmaskdis-disconnect,dishearten,disallow,disunitePrefixation3)Pejorativeprefixesmis-misguide,misapplication,misbehavior,mischoice,misgivingmal-maltreat,maldigestion,malfunction,malpractisepseudo-pseudonym,pseudoscience,pseudoclassic,pseudo-friend

Prefixation4)Prefixesofdegreeorsizehyper-hyperactive,hypercritical,hypercautiousultra-ultramodern,ultraclean,ultraconservativemini-minibus,minicamera,miniskirt(macrominiskirt)out-outdo,outgrow,outliveover-overwork,overestimate,overemphasize,overburdenunder-underdeveloped,underpopulation,undergraduatesuper-supermarket,superpower,superstarPrefixation5)Prefixesoforientationandattitudeco-Co-author,co-star,co-prosperity,cooperationcounter-Counterexample,counterclaim,counteractive,counterattack,counterculture,countermeasureanti-anti-abortion,anti-art,antiwar,antibacterial,antisocial,anticancer,antibodypro-pro-American,pro-revolutionary,pro-Fascism,proslaveryPrefixation6)Locativeprefixesfore-forearm,foreleg,forename,forewordinter-international,intergovernmental,intertwine,interdisciplinary,intercollegetrans-transatlantic,transoceanic,transplanttele-telephone,telegram,telecommunicationPrefixation7)Prefixesoftimeandorderex-ex-husband,ex-president,ex-colony,ex-convictfore-foresee,foretell,forefather,forewarnpre-premature,prewar,prehistoric,prepay,premaritalpost-post-election,postwar,postgraduate,postdoctoralPrefixation8)Numberprefixesuni-/mono-unilateral,unicolor,unicycle,unidimensional,uniform,unipolar,monocrystal,monogamy,monologuebi-/di-bilingual,bimonthly,dio