Optimizing Downhole Packer-Type Separators (井下封隔式分离器的优化)

OptimizingDownholePacker-TypeSeparators井下封隔式分离器的优化J.N.McCoy,O.L.Rowlan,EchometerCompanyLPodio,UniversityofTexasatAustinJim@PackerTypeGasSeparators

封隔式气体分离器

AnewtypeofPackerTypeSeparatorisdescribed.新式封隔式分离器简介AcomparisoninseparatorperformancebetweendifferentPackerTypeSeparatorsisgiven.不同封隔式分离器性能对比AcomparisonbetweenPackerTypeSeparatorsandNaturalGasSeparatorsisshown.封隔式分离器与天然气分离器对比SpecialusesandfeaturesofthenewPackerTypeSeparatoraredescribed.新式封隔式分离器特殊用途及特点2GasSeparatorLiquidCapacityisBasedontheFollowingPrinciple:

气体分离器液体容量基于以下原理1/4INCHDIAMETERGASBUBBLESFLOWUPWARDINOILORWATERATARATEOFAPPROXIMATELY6INCHESPERSECOND.THUS,GASBUBBLESWILLBERELEASEDFROMALIQUIDCOLUMNIFTHEDOWNWARDLIQUIDVELOCITYISLESSTHAN6INCHESPERSECOND.直径为¼英寸的气泡在油或者水中以大约6英寸每秒的速度向上流动。于是气泡将从液柱中释放出来，如果井下液体流速小于6英寸每秒。ALIQUIDCOLUMNHAVINGANAREAOF1SQUAREINCHTRAVELLINGAT6INCHESPERSECONDISAFLOWRATEOF50BPD.一个截面为1平方英寸以6英寸每秒的速度流动，其流量为50BPDDownholeGasSeparatorPrincipleofOperation井下气体分离器工作原理3Theouterpipecanbethecasingortheouterbarrelofagasseparator.Theinnertubeistheinlettothepump.外管可以看做套管或气体分离器外筒，内管是泵的入口NaturalGasSeparator

天然气分离器Themostefficientdownholegasseparatorslocatethepumpintakebelowthelowestgasentrypoint.最有效率的井下气体分离器把泵入口设置在最低进气点下面。Gasisnotpulleddowntothepumpperforationsunlesstheliquidvelocityisgreaterthan6inchesperseconddownward.气体不会被拉向泵射孔，除非液体向下的速度大于6英寸每秒。Maximumcapacityisobtainedusingcasingannulus.使用套管环空可以获得最大容量。4套管套管射孔气锚射孔座节油管含气液柱不含气液体从套管射孔到锚射孔至少8英尺ConcentricPackerTypeGasSeparator

同心封隔式气体分离器AconcentricpackertypegasseparatoroffersadditionalliquidandgascapacitiesoverPoorBoytypegasseparators.同心封隔式气体分离器具有更大的液体气体容量。Notethattheseatingnippleislocatedimmediatelyabovethepackerinthisseparatorsystemsoadiptubeisnotneeded.在这款分离器系统里座节紧挨着位于封隔器上面，因此不需要液面探测管。Somepackertypeseparatorsuseadiptubeintheinnerportionoftheseparatorandlocatethepumpabovetheseparator.有些封隔式分离器在分离器内部使用液面探测管，此外，泵放置在分离器上方。PageOilTools19575油管衬筒联轴器套管分离器封隔器强制流油气分离器同心衬筒GasSeparatorDesign

气体分离器的设计

TopCollar上接箍BottomCollar下接箍FormationFluidOutlet地层流体出口

PumpSeatingNipple座节PumpInlets泵入口Fluidsfromtheformationflowupwardtothegasseparatorandthenflowthroughaconcentricannulustoanoutletatthetopoftheseparatorwhichdischargesononesideintothecasingannulus.流体从地层向上流入气体分离器，通过同心环空到达分离器顶部的出口，流体从出口的向套管环空一侧排出。Thegasrisesandtheliquidfallsinthecasingannulus.在套管环空里，气体上升，而液体下落。Pumpinletislocatedatbottomofthegasseparatorcausingthepressuredropfromtheliquidatthebottomoftheseparatortothepumpinlettobenegligible.泵入口位于气体分离器底部，这使从分离器底部到泵入口的液体压降可忽略不计。DiverterCupsorapackerortailpipewithpackerislocatedbelowtheSeparatortoforceformationfluidsintotheseparator.分流杯、封隔器或者带封隔器的尾管位于分离器下面，引导地层流体进入分离器Casing套管DivertercupsorPackerorStinger分流杯/封隔器6PumpisAboveSeparator

泵在分离器上面Differences:差异Thepumpislocatedabovethe39feetlongseparator.泵位于39英尺长分离器上面。Theliquidthatisinthecasingannulussurroundingtheseparatorflowsfromthecasingannulusupward40feettothepumpinlet.Theliquidflowratevariesfrom0in/secduringthepumpdownstroketoapproximately3timestheplungervelocityorabout240in/secduringthemidportionoftheupstroke.在套管环空内包围分离器的液体从套管环空向上流动40英尺进入泵进水口。液体的流速变动，从在泵的下冲程时的0英寸/秒提高到在上冲程中部时的柱塞速度即约240英寸/秒。ThePortedCouplinghas73/16inchflowpathsfortheformationfluids.带孔联轴器为地层流体提供73/16英寸的流通途径。7外管上的槽缝内管密封联轴器封隔器带孔联轴器PumpisAbove40FeetLongSeparator

泵在40英尺长分离器上

Differences:差异Thepumpislocatedabovetheseparator.泵位于分离器上面。Theliquidthatisinthecasingannulussurroundingtheseparatorflowsfromthecasingannulusupward40feettothepumpinlet.套管环空内包围分离器的液体从套管环空向上流动40英尺进入泵进水口。Bafflesarelocatedintheseparatorannulustobreakemulsions.Thebaffleswillcauseapressuredropallowingadditionalsolutiongastobereleasedfromtheoil.挡板位于分离器环空，分解乳状液，挡板造成压降使额外的溶解气体从油内释放出来。TypicalPlungerPositionandVelocityandRate

典型柱塞位置、速度和流量VelocityPositionMaximumplungervelocityis80inches/secondandthemaximumdisplacementrateis1258BPD(fora1½inchplunger).最大柱塞速度为80英寸/秒，最大输送速率为1258桶/天（为1.5英寸的柱塞）Withdrawingliquidatahighratefromthecasingannulustoapumplocated40feetabovemaycauseconsiderablepressuredropintheliquidthatwillreleasegasandproducefoam.从套管环空高速抽取液体进入上面40英尺高度的泵可能导致液体大幅度压降，从而释放出气体或产生泡沫。9速度位置运行时间柱塞（泵）速度（英寸/秒）柱塞位置（英寸）5Seconds第五秒10Seconds第十秒15Seconds第15秒20Seconds第二十秒Start开始Theproblemofgasintheliquidastheliquidentersthepumpmaybethecreationofsmallgasbubblesfromthepressuredropofliquidinthediptubeastheoiltravelsfromthecasingtothepumpinlet.当液体进入泵时含气液体可能导致当油从套管进入泵进水口时液面探测管中由于液体压降产生小气泡10Dataon27Wells–66tests27口油井66次测试数据

CobraOilandGas–Thanks

Cobra石油天然气公司ImportantAnalysisFactors重要的分析因素CobraOilandGasPackerTypeSeparator封隔式分离器12Feb.17–20,2013ImportantAnalysisFactors重要分析因素CobraPackerTypeSeparator封隔式分离器13OtherPumpFillageFactors

泵的其他填注因素

VariableDiameterPumpBarrel泵筒直径不同Hole/HolesinPumpBarrel泵筒上有孔洞HighClearancePlunger高间隙柱塞Theseconditionswillfillthepumpchamber

butgenerallylowerthetotalproductionrate这些条件将填充泵柱塞但通常会降低总的生产率PumpAnalysisandSurfaceProduction

泵分析和地面产量15SeparatorEvaluationGraph分离器评估曲线图Slide16Paper#•PaperTitle•PresenterNamePackerandNaturalGasSeparatorsPerformance封隔器和天然气分离器性能Slide17Paper#•PaperTitle•PresenterNameGasSeparatorIneffective气体分离器无效运行GasSeparatorEffective气体分离器有效运行PortedCouplingSeparatorPerformanceSlide18Paper#•PaperTitle•PresenterNameComparisonofPortedCouplingandSeatingNippleSeparatorsSlide19Paper#•PaperTitle•PresenterNameNaturalGasSeparators

天然气分离器Vs.封隔式分离器

Packer-TypeSeparators

SeparationPrinciplesareDifferent

分离原理不同Packer-TypeSeparator:封隔式分离器WellboreOilpressureisdecreasingreleasingverysmallgasbubbles井眼油压下降时释放非常小的气泡NaturalGasSeparator:天然气分离器WellboreOilpressureisincreasingandsmallgasbubblesaredissolvedintotheoil井眼压力上升时小气泡溶解到石油中PackerType封隔式Natural自然式

Packer-TypeSeparatorConfigurations

封隔式分离器的配置Alloftheformationfluidmustbedirectedintothebottomoftheseparatortopassthroughtheseparatorandbedischargedoutofthetopoftheseparator.Thenthedischargedliquidinthecasingannulusfallstothepumpinletandthegasflowsupward.所有地层流体必须引入分离器底部通过分离器在分离器顶部排出。套管环空中排出的液体落入泵进水口，而气体向上流动。Theflowcanbedirectedthroughtheseparatorusinga: Packer，DiverterCupsandTailPipewithpacker可使用一下设备把液流引入分离器：封隔器、分流杯、带尾管的分离器。Allinstallationsmusthaveoneofthediverterdevicestoforcetheformationfluidsupwardthroughtheseparatorandoutofthetopoftheseparator.所有的设备都必须有一种分流装置迫使地层流体向上通过分离器在其顶部排出SPE-164510-MSPerformanceofPackerTypeSeparatorsJamesN.McCoy22SeparatorwithPacker分离器与封隔器ThePackerTypeSeparatorrequiresaPackerbelowtheseparatororsometypeofdevicetodirecttheformationfluidflowfrombelowtheseparatorintothebottomoftheseparator.封隔式分离器要求配套一个封隔器或某种设备引导地层流体从分离器下面进入分离器底部。套管油管气体分离器封隔器DiverterCupAssembly分流杯组件上阳螺纹连接分流杯分流杯松动安装可以在油管上自由滑动下阳螺纹连接SeparatorWithDiverterCupsandTubingAnchor分离器与分流杯和油管锚Divertercupsmaybeusedtodirecttheflowofformationfluidsintotheseparator.Thetubinganchorpreventstubingmovementandopensthepassageforthedivertercups.分流杯用于引导地层流体进入分离器。油管锚防止油管运动并为分流杯打开通道。套管油管气体分离器分流杯油管锚PackerWithTailPipe

带尾管的封隔器CasingTubingGasSeparatorPackerTailPipeThetailpipewithpackerconfigurationisveryeffectiveandwillincreaseproductioninawellwhenthepumpissetaconsiderabledistanceabovetheformation.ThetailpipereducesthepressurerequiredtopushtheformationfluidstothepumpsoalowerPBHPexists.带尾管的封隔器配置十分有效，当泵放置在地层以上相当远的距离，它可以能提高油井产量。尾管减少推动地层流体进入泵所需压力。因此出现一个较低的生产井底压力。套管油管气体分离器封隔器尾管TailPipeReducesProducingBottomholePressure尾管减少生产井底压力PIP=100psiSlide27HorizontalwellscancauseproblemswithArtificialLiftduetothenatureoftheflow.Thesewellstendtoheadalotwhenplacedonartificiallift.Backinthe80swhenwewereGasLiftingtheAustinChalkwellswenoticedthatifwerantailpipearoundthecornerofahorizontalwellbelowthepacker,wecouldevenouttheflowofthesewells.Usingthistechnique,youshouldhavenoproblemsnomatterthetypeofArtificialLiftyouuse.

由于液流的性质，水平井使用人工举升可导致问题。当施加人工举升时，这些水平井趋向前移很远。在80年代，当我们对奥斯汀白垩层油井进行人工举升时，我们注意到如果我们在水平井封隔器以下的角落周边使用尾管，井内的液流甚至会流出来。采用这个技术，无论你使用哪种人工举升，都没有问题。

Jler@ 2/5/2013潜力（美国石油工程师协会）连接PackerWithTailPipeandCheckValve

带尾管和止回阀的封隔器

CasingTubingGasSeparatorPackerTailPipeInwellsthatslug,thecheckvalvewillcollectthefluidsthatflowabovethecheckvalvewhichwillreducetheproducingbottomholepressureandalsoresultinlongersettlingtimesfortheformationsfluidsthatareabovethecheckvalvetoseparatebeforetheliquidentersthepump.在段塞油井中，止回阀收集在它上面的流体，如此减小生产井底压力并导致更长的地层流体下沉时间。地层流体在进入泵前，在止回阀上分流。套管油管气体分离器封隔器止回阀尾管PackerwithCheckValve

封隔器带止回阀

Acheckvalvecanbeusedwithwellsthattendtoflowinslugstoincreaseproductionandseparatorperformance.止回阀适用于段塞油井中，可以增加产量和提高分离器性能。Acheckvalvecanbeusediftheoperatorwantstoinsurethatthepackerisset.Liquidcanbepumpeddownthecasingannulustocheckpackerseal.如果操作员想确保封隔器安装，可以适用止回阀。液体可以往下泵送到套管环空检查封隔器密封。Acheckvalvecanbeusedwiththedivertercupstoinsurethatthewaterinjecteddownthecasingannuluswhilethecupsareabovethestaticliquidlevelwillfullylubricatethecups.可利用止回阀和分流杯来确保往下注入到套管环空的水可以充分润滑在静态液面以上分流杯。套管油管气体分离器封隔器止回阀Slide30Whenalinerisusedintheportionofthewellthatisc