专题二阅读七选五第1讲段首题

专题二 阅读七选五第1讲 段首题[真题演练]A(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)(导学号58210016)BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgainTrustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.__36__Trustisarisk.Butyoucan'tbesuccessfulwhenthere'salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.Unfortunately，we'veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe'vebeenstolenfrom，liedto，misled，orcheatedon，therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan'ttrustanymore.__37__It'sunderstandable，butifyou'rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain，wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.__38__Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.__39__Ifyou'vebeenbetrayed，youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere'sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”．Atsomepointinallofourlives，we'llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.Youdidn'tlose“everything”．Oncetrustislost，whatisleft？Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle，lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.__40__Instead，it'sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.A．Learntoreallytrustyourself.B．Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C．Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D．Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E．They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.F．Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.G．Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了人们在遭受背叛和欺骗后如何重建信任。36．解析：第一句“Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences”.(信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为。 )是对trust的解释。选项B中的it指代上文出现的trust，并且继续解释trust的含义：puttingconfidenceinsomeone(对某人寄托信任)，故选B项。注意：选项B与第一句为顺承关系。答案：B37．解析：选项E与上文能形成因果关系。 “They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.”(他们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生 )是上一句“Sometimespeoplesimplycan'ttrustanymore.”(有时候人们就是不能再信任别人 )的原因。并且与下一句“It'sunderstandable...”(这是可以理解的⋯⋯)有顺承关系。答案：E38．解析：空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。并且选项 A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.(学会真正信任你自己)与空格后的“Havingconfidenceinyourself”形成同义复现。 trustyourself相当于haveconfidenceinyourself。答案：A39．解析：空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。下文中“Ifyou'vebeenbetrayed，youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere'sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha‘victimmentality’．”(如果你遭遇了背叛，那么你就成为客观环境的受害者。但是成为受害者与以“受害者的心态”活着是有区别的)反复出现victim一词，而选项C中的关键词也为victim，形成原词复现。选项 C．Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.不(要把自己当作受害者)起到总起本段的作用。答案：C40．解析：“Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened”.(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见)与下一句“Instead，it'sahealthyway...forpositive...”(相反，这是一个健康的方式⋯⋯)形成转折关系。并且选项中的positive与下文的positive形成原词复现。答案：GB(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)(导学号58210017)Secretcodes(密码)keepmessagesprivate.Banks，companies，andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness，especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.__36__Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.__37__Forexample，thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”__38__Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber，forexample.Let'snumberthelettersofthealphabet，inorder，from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter，themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords，phrases，orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode，youmusthaveacodebook.__39__Forexample，“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“Bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”__40__However，itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A．Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B．Inanylanguage，somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C．Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D．Aslongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E．Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F．Withacodebook，youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G．Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了三种主要类型的密码的设置方法和破解的方法。36．解析：后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断D项内容符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下文。答案：D37．解析：后面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母来作为密码，由此判断故 E选项内容符合语境逻辑。答案：E38．解析：根据空后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断 G选项符合语境。答案：G39．解析：根据空后面的举例以及空前句中的 acodebook可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起到承上启下的作用。答案：F40．解析：根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，故判断 A选项符合语境。答案：A[模拟演练]A(2017·豫南九校联考)Youmayhavegrownuplivingwithsistersandbrothers,orthismaybeyourfirsttimetoshareyourlivingspacewithsomeoneelse.__1__However,itcanalsobeagreatpartofyourcollegeexperience.Followthesetipstomakesureyouandyourroommatekeepthingspleasantandsupportivethroughouttheyear.Beclearfromthebeginning.Maybeyouhateitwhensomeoneinterruptsyouwhenyouaresleepingeverymorning.Maybeyouneedtenminutestoyourselfbeforetalkingtoanyoneafteryouwakeup.__2__It'snotfairtoexpecthimorhertopickuponthemrightaway,andcommunicatingwhatyouneedisoneofthebestwaystogetridofproblemsbeforetheybecomeproblems.__3Thismayseemsimple,butit'sprobablyoneofthebiggestreasonswhyroommatesexperienceconflicts.Don'tyouthinkhe'llmindifyouborrowhisshoesforaquicksoccergame?Forallyouknow,youjuststeppedovertheline.Don'tborrow,use,ortakeanythingwithoutgettingpermissionfirst.Beopentochange.Youshouldexpecttolearn,growandchangeduringyourtimeatschool.__4__Asthetermprogresses,youshouldrealizethingswillchangeforbothofyou.Becomfortableaddressingthingsthatunexpectedlycomeup,settingnewrules,andbeingflexibletoyourchangingenvironment.Followthegoldenrule.__5__Nomatterwhatyourrelationshipisattheendoftheyear,youcantakecomfortknowingyouactedlikeanadultandtreatedyourroommatewithrespect.A．Respectyourroommate'sthings.B．Letyourroommateknowaboutyourpreferences.C．Treatyourroommatelikeyou'dliketobetreated.D．Livingwitharoommateisreallyawonderfulthing.E．Havingaroommatesurelyhasitschallenges.F．Youshouldcorrectyourbadhabitsfirst.G．Andthesameshouldhappentoyourroommate,ifallgoeswell.【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了在上学时和室友交往应该注意的事项。1．解析：根据设空处后的However可知前后两句为转折关系，由此可知答案为E项。答案：E2．解析：根据设空处后的“It'snotfairtoexpecthimorhertopickuponthemrightaway，andcommunicatingwhatyouneedisoneofthebestwaystogetridofproblemsbeforetheybecomeproblems.”可知，指望他们能立即察觉出你的喜好是不公平的。告知他们你的需要是在问题出现前就把问题解决掉的最佳方法之一， 故设空处应选B项。答案：B3．解析：本段作者告诫读者在没有得到室友允许的情况下，不能使用对方的东西。由此可见本段的主题是：要尊重室友的东西。故答案为A项。答案：A4．解析：设空处前的意思为：在校期间你应该期望学习、成长和变化。设空处后的意思为：你应该意识到，随着这一学期逐渐过去，事情会随你们变化。由此可推出答案为 G项。答案：G5．解析：根据主题句中的“thegoldenrule”，再根据设空处后的内容可知答案为C项。答案：CB(2017·太原高三期末检测)Nowadays，morepeoplelosetheirjobsandthepricesofgoodsandservicessteadilyincrease.__1__．ButwheredoIstart?EverythingI'mpayingforisnecessity.There'snothingIcancutdownon.Butifyoutakeacarefulandobjectivelookatyourbillsandallthe“stuff”you'repayingfor，youactuallydonotneedagoodmajorityofthem.I'veputtogether5tipsthatyoucanfollowrightnowtoreduceyourcosts.1．CutBackonEatingout.Maybeyoudidn'tnoticeeatingoutisoneofthethingsatyourbudgetandyoucansavesomuchmoneyjustbyreducingthenumberoftimesyoueatout.__2__It'ssomuchcheaperpreparingfoodathomeandhealthiertoo.Thisdoesnotmeanthatyoushouldnevereatout.Youcanchoosespecialdaystoeatoutlikebirthdaysoranniversaries.2．ReduceYourElectricityConsumption__3__Thiswillhelpreduceyourelectricityconsumption.WithCFLs(节能灯)yousavesomuchonpower.Alsounplugappliances(家用电器)thatyou'renotusing.3．CutBackonMagazineorPrintSubscription(订阅费)Magazinesaregreatbutsometimestheycomewitharticlesthatyoudon'treallycareaboutsoyoudon'tbotherreadingthem.__4__Reviewyourmagazineorprintsubscriptionstodeterminewhichonestounsubscribefrom.Youcanalsodrawoutalistoftopicsorcategoriesyoulikereadingaboutandsearchforfreeonlinealternativeswhereyoucanreadaboutthetopicofyourchoice.4．CancelYourGymMembershiporGoforaPay-Per-UsePlan.Exerciseisimportanttostayhealthy.Infact，yousavemoremoneywhenyoustayphysicallyfitthanifyouareinpoorhealth.Buttherearemoreaffordablewaystokeepfit，ifyouexerciseforhealth'ssakeandnoasabodybuilderorsomething.Exerciseathomeorjogaroundyourneighborhood.ifyoucan'tworkoutwithoutanexercisetrainer，trysearchingforexerciseroutinesonYouTube.Ifyouwanttousegymequipment，thenyoucanconvertyourgymmembershipstyletopay-per-use.__5__Ofcourse，youdon'tneedtopracticealloftheseatonce，butifyouarereallywillingtocutdownonthosecosts，thenoneofthesewillsurelycomeinhandy.A．Startbyturningoffthelightsyou'renotusing.B．They'resosimplebuttheresultsareimpressiveC．Asanalternative，makemorehome-cookedmealsD．It'stimeforyoutotakeactionanddosomethingaboutyourbillsE．ThatwayyoupayonlywhenyoucometothegymtousetheequipmentF．InvestingymequipmenttocutdownrecurrentcostsofgymmembershipG．ThesedaysmostoftheinformationornewsisavailableontheInternetforfree.【语篇解读】 文章就节省家庭开支提出了一些具体建议。1．解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲虽然有许多人失业了，但物价并没有下降。下句讲所以我们要节省开支。 D项连接前后，故选 D。答案：D2．解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲减少外出就餐次数，下句讲在家吃既节省又健康。 C项：如果两者选一，就多在家自己做饭。连接前后，故选 C。答案：C3．解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲减少电费开支，A项：不用时关掉电灯，是节约电的具体表现，故选 A。答案：A4．解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲节省报纸杂志的订阅费；G项：现在网络上多数的新闻是免费的，符合本段文意，故选G。答案：G5．解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲取消健身房会员资格或按次数付费， 上句讲如果要使用健身房的设施， 改变会员形式或按次数付费， E项承接上句是具体表现，故选 E。答案：EC(2017·福州师大附中高三期中检测 )BeingLeft-handedinaRight-handedWorldTheworldisdesignedforright-handedpeople，butwhydoesatenthofthepopulationprefertheleft？__1__Theanswertoitremainsabitofamystery.Sincescientistshavenoticedthatleft-handednesstendstoruninfamilies，it'sassumedthatleft-handednesshasagenetic(基因的)componenttoit.__2__Infact，identicaltwins，whosharethesamegenes，cansometimesprefertousedifferenthands.Therearealsoplentyoftheoriesonwhatelsemightdeterminewhichhandyouwritewith，butmanyexpertsbelievethatit'skindofrandom.Historically，theleftsideandleft-handednesshavebeenconsideredanegativethingbymanycultures.__3__Insomeareas，thelefthandbecameknownasthe“unclean”hand.Inmanyreligions，therighthandofGodisthefavoredhand.Forexample，JesussitsatGod'srightside.God'slefthand，however，isthehandofjudgement.Variousactivitiesandexperiencesbecomerudeorevensignsofbadluckwhenthelefthandbecomesinvolved.InsomepartsofScotland，itisconsideredbadlucktomeetaleft-handedpersonatthestartofajourney.__4__Apersongivingdirectionswillputtheirlefthandbehindthemandevenphysicallytrytopointwiththeirrighthandifnecessary.InsomeAsiancountries，eatingwiththelefthandisconsideredimpolite.__5__Peoplecometorealizethatleft-handednessisnatural.Peopleevennoticedthatmanyfamouspeopleareleft-handed，includingBenjaminFranklin，LeonardoDaVinci，andCharlieChaplin.Someresearchersfindoutthatleftiesaremorecreativeandcandealwithabstractthinkingbetter.Theleft-handednessismoreeasilyadaptabletotheright-handedworldaswell.Beingleft-handedisnolongerasadstorynow；instead，itisawonderfulgiftormaybeitissomethingyoushouldtakepridein.A．Inotherwords，left-handersarebornthatway.B．Left-handednessusedtoberegardedasadisability.C．Theunfavorableassociationsoftheuseofthelefthandamongculturesarevaried.D．Whydotheyprefertousetheirlefthandratherthantheirrighthandforroutineactivities?E．Whydosomeparentsforcetheirleft-handedchildrentobecomeright-handedwhenwriting?F．InGhana，pointing，gesturing，givingorreceivingitemswiththelefthandisconsideredrude.G．Fortunately，nowadaysmostsocietiesandculturesnolongerrejectleft-handednesslikebefore.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了左撇子的成因以及在历史上不同文化的人们对这种情况的看法。 随着时代的变化，人们现在对左撇子的看法已发生了改变。1．解析：该空上句提出问题，下文又叙述答案，故此处也应提出问题，选D项。答案：D2．解析：上句提到左撇子的成因有遗传因素，故此处用 A项进行具体解释。答案：A3．解析：结合上句，左撇子在许多文化中被认为是不好的；下文具体叙述到不同文化中，人们对左撇子的看法，故此处应承上启下，选C项。答案：C4．解析：前文提到“InsomepartsofScotland”以及之后的“InsomeAsiancountries”并结合后文“givingdirections”的内容可推知，此处应具体叙述某一国家人们对左撇子的看法，故选 F项。答案：F5．解析：本段下文提到现在人们开始意识到左撇子是很正常的行为，且本句作为开头，可以推断出 G作为本段大意。答案：GD(2017·龙岩高三教学质量检测)(导学号58210018)Maybeyouoftenhaveargumentswithyourparentsaboutclothes，homework，friendsandmanyotherpersonalthings.__1__Mostteenagersmustbesorryorevenfrightenedwhentheirparentsfight.Theymightthinktheirparentsdon'tloveeachotheranymoreandthatitwouldresultindivorce.__2__Theymightdisagreeaboutimportantthingslikejobsormajorfamilydecisions.Theymightevendisagreeaboutlittlethingsthatdon'tseemimportantatall—likewhat'sfordinnerorwhattimesomeonegetshome.Maybesometimesparentscanfeelsostronglyabouttheirdifferencesthatitmayleadtoarguments.However，theseargumentsareoftenoverquickly.__3__Asafamilymember，youshouldfindoutwhatitreallymeanswhenyourparentsfight.Whenyourparentsgetupsetwitheachother，theymightcryorsaythingstheydon'treallymean.Mostpeoplelosetheircoolnowandthen，soifyourparentsarefighting，don'tworrytoomuchaboutit.__4__Ifyourparents'fightreallybother