Unit-2自考英语2课件

Unit2:MistakestoSuccess-TextA:SpiltMilkNewwordsspillv.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出eg:Don't

spill

the

soup.cryoverspiltmilk为已经发生而无法补救的事懊悔Eg:

You'vebrokenitnow;it'snousecryingoverspiltmilk!

spillover溢出,发展成,造成eg:Don'tpourtoomuch;itmightspillover.eg:Thefirmisplanningtospillovertheworld.eg:Hisinterferencespiltoverintoconfusion.spillout（使）溢出，（使）溅出；突然涌出；说出（真相、内情）eg:Thechampagneisspillingoutofthebottle.eg:Thewaterwasspillingoutofthemouthofthespring.eg:Hespiltouthisstoryofstealing.Newwords2.There/itisnouse没什么用的Eg：There

is

no

use

denying

it.3.respondv.作出反应；响应

respondto…Eg：He

will

respond

to

that,

not

me.

responsen.回答；响应；反应Eg：The

response

hismanner以这种方式；如此Eg：In

this

manner

you

can

start

sharing

your

value

immediately.inamanner在某种意义上；在某种程度上Eg：But

this

act

in

a

manner

very

similar

to

our

scenario.Grammars1.定语从句WhatiscalledAttributiveClause?

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词，起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句先行词关系代词:that/which/who(whom/whose)/as关系副词:When/where/why关

系

词JustTryYourself

Theman____

cametoourschoolisYaoming.

Thegirl_____ImetisLucy.Achild_______parentsarechefsiscalledTom.

Ilikethebook______youboughtyesterday.

人，主语人，宾语人，定语物，宾语JustTryYourself

ThemanwhocametoourschoolisYaoming.

ThegirlwhomImetisLucy.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.

Ilikethebookwhichyouboughtyesterday.

人，主语人，宾语人，定语物，宾语JustTryYourself

Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.Weshallneverforgetthedaysthatwespenttogether.Weshallneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.物，宾语人，介宾人，定语时间状语Newwords5.Interviewv.（媒体）采访，对某人进行访问/面试n接见，采访；面试，面谈Eg:The

television

interview

willbe

aired

to

allparts

of

thecountry.这个电视采访节目将向全国各地播放Beinterviewedby接受…….的采访Eg:I

thinkit

unnerved

me

to

be

interviewed

by

so

many

people我认为这么多的人给我面试时我紧张不安。6.creativeadj.创作的Eg:She

was

misplaced

in

that

job;

she

ought

tobe

doing

something

more

creative.Createvt.创造，创作；造成Eg:They

left

thelights

down

to

create

a

comfortable

atmosphere.他们让灯光保持暗淡以创造一种舒适的气氛7.setapartfrom把;区分开;区分离;使分离setusapartfromothers使我们在众多……中独树一帜Eg:It's

set

apart

from

other

bridges

by

its

curves

that

provide

different

perspectives

ofthe

landscapes.8.inhisopinion在他看来Eg:In

his

opinion,

this

meeting

is

important

to

his

whole

team,and

he

wants

everyoneonthe

team

to

attend.9.

Occur发生,出现,被想起，被想到Eg:Idon'twantsuchathingtooccuragain.Eg:Disputesoccasionallyoccurredbetweenus.Eg:Iefrom来自；出生于Eg:Heacrossv.偶遇；无意中发现；讲得清楚明白；给人…印象Eg:PerhapsIshallcomeacrosshiminFrance.Eg:Yourspeechdidn'tcomeacross;nobodyunderstoodyouropinion.Eg:Heabout

v.发生；产生；改变方向Howdid

this

come

about?comeup走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出Eg:Abeggarcameuptousandaskformoney.Eg:Thequestionofwageincreasescameupattheboardmeeting.Eg:Ishallwritetoyouifanythingcomesup.Eg:Isowedsomeseedslastweek,buttheyhaven'eonv.快点；开始；要求；上演；跟着来；突然产生Eg:HowisyourbrothercomingonwithhisstudyofEnglish?Eg:Howareyourpotatoescomingon?

Eg:There'sastormcomingon.We'dbettergethome.Grammars2.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时是由“hadbeen+现在分词”构成。

Shehadbeensufferingfromabadcoldwhenshetooktheexam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。

Hewasscoldedeventhoughhehadn‘tbeendoinganythingwrong.

尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。

IhadbeenlookingforitfordaysbeforeIfoundit.

这东西我找了好多天才找着的。

Theyhadonlybeenwaitingforthebusafewmomentswhenitcame.

他们只等了一会儿车就来了。②表示反复的动作Hehadbeenmentioningyournametome.

他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。Youhadbeengivingmeeverything.

你对我真是有求必应。③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中Thedoctoraskedwhathehadbeeneating.

医生问他吃了什么。Iaskedwheretheyhadbeenstayingallthosedays.

我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。区别过去完成时与过去完成进行时过去完成时表示(1)在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，时间发生在“过去的过去”；这时往往和由when或before引导的从句或by短语；Thesportsmeetinghadbegunwhenwegottoschool.

我们到学校时，运动会已经开始了。过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较Shehadcleanedtheoffice,soitwasverytidy.

她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。(强调结果)Shehadbeencleaningtheoffice,sowehadtowaitoutside.她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。(强调动作一直在进行)Theyreceivedtheparcelthatthey____foralongtime.［A］expected

［B］haveexpected

［C］hadbeenexpecting

［D］hadexpected1.他们只等了不多一会儿，公共汽车就来了。They'donlybeenwaitingforthebusafewmomentswhenitcame.2.电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。Thetelephonehadbeenringingforthreeminutesbeforeitwasanswered用动词的适当形式填空：1.I___foritfordaysbeforeIfoundit.(look)

这个东西我找了很多天才找到的。2.I___only_____afewminuteswhenhecamein.(read)

我刚看了几分钟书，他就进来了。3.They______thenewsforsometime.(expect)

他们期待这个消息有一段时间了。4.Iaskedwherethey____allthosedays.(stay)

我问他们这些天是呆在哪儿的。

11.removefrom除掉；移动,从…….中移开Eg:What

should

we

tryand

remove

from

thislist?12.gripon掌握Eg:Doyougriponthespiritofcooking.getagripon控制；把握关键；管束；抓拄Butwearegoingtohaveto

get

a

grip

on

thiscountry'sdebt.13.Mess肮脏，杂乱Eg:By

theend

of

lastyear,

he

had

wiggledout

of

the

mess.到去年年底，他已经从困境中摆脱出来

messup陷入困境；搞糟Eg:Heismessingup.amessof一大堆…；把…弄糟Eg:At

his

death,

hisson

found

only

a

mess

of

manuscripts.inamess乱糟糟，一团糟Eg:The

room

is

in

a

mess.

messwith同…一起用膳；胡乱摆弄；干扰；与…厮混在一起Eg:If

you

consume

caffeine

duringtheday,

it’s

likely

to

mess

with

your

sleep

cycles.makeamess制造混乱；搞成一团糟；Eg:You

shouldn't

make

a

mess

in

your

room.

Grammars3.感叹句：用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句，句末用感叹号。

Robert,whatagreatandwonderfulmessyouhavemade!e.g.-How

beautifultheparkis!-Whatabeautifulparkitis!-Whatgoodnewsitis!-Howgoodthenewis!What+（a/an+adj.+可数名词单数）+主语+谓语！Whatacolddayitis!What+（adj+可数名词的复数形式）+主语+谓语！Whattalltreestheyare!

What+（adj+不可数名词）+主语+谓语！Whatdryweatheritis!1、她是多好的女孩啊！2、它是多好的新闻！3、它们是多美的花啊！Whatgoodnews(itis)!Whatagoodgirlsheis!Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!二、感叹句训练。（一）用“what”或“how”将相应的句子改为感叹句。1、WuPengjumpshigh！

____highWuPengjumps！2、It’saninterestingfilm.

____aninterestingfilmitis！3、Thesunisbright.____

brightthesunis!4、Thebookisveryinteresting.

____

interestingthebookis!HowWhatHowHow陈述句变感叹句的技巧为：一断，二去，三加,四换位，五感叹句①“一断”即在谓语动词后断开，使句子分为两部分。

LiuXiangruns‖toofast.②“二去”即去掉very,too,much，quite等修饰词。

LiuXiangruns‖fast.③“三加”即第二部分若是副词，形容词就加上how;若是一个名词（短语），就加上what.

LiuXiangruns‖howfast.④“四换位”即将断开后的第一部分和第二部分位置互换。

howfast‖LiuXiangruns.！⑤“五感叹句”即句末别忘了加上感叹号。（二）、将下列句子改为感叹句，注意what,how的使用及词序：

l.Theclassroomisclean.

2.Theelephantisveryheavy.3.Sheisahappygirl.

Howcleantheclassroomitis！Howheavytheelephantitis！Whatahappygirlsheis！15.Rarelyadv.很少地；难得；罕有地He

rarely

communicate

with

other

students

onthe

campus.16.getdown下来；吞下；使沮丧Heclimbedtothetopofthetreeandthenbecameafraidtogetdown.Theygotthepicturesdown.Thenewscertainlygotherdown.getback回来；恢复；取回；重新上台Don'tworry,I'llgetyoubacksafely.I

haveto

get

back

incontrol.getoffv.动身；免于受罚；从…下来；脱下（衣服等）Excuseme,Ihavetogetoffatthenextstop.Wehavetogetoffearlytomorrow.getto到达；开始；接触到WhattimedoesthistraingettoNewYork?Whenyougettoseventy,youarenotsoactiveasyouwereatfifty.17.Cleanup:清理，收拾Clearup:整理，收拾，放晴Therenownedscientistremarkedthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidn'tneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.宾语从句是强调结构itwas…that…。注意区分强调结构和it作形式主语或普通代词的结构。例如：Itwasinthisparkthattheyfirstmeteachother.Itwasthisparkwhere/inwhichtheyfirstmeteachother.Itisimportantthatwelearnaforeignlanguagewell.GrammarsItis(was)

+被强调部分+that(who)+

句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语、表语和状语。Grammars强调句型的判断

把“It,be，that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整（被强调部分要还原到原位置），那么这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。如：（1）①Itishewho/thatoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.②Itisonthehillsidethatweplanttreeseveryyear.③Itwasbecauseofbadweatherthatthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.

分析：去掉Itis/was...that/who句子后结构仍然完整，句意仍明确，都是强调句。

④Itwas9o'clockwhenwecameback．我们回来时是九点钟。

⑤Itwas3hourssincewehadcomeback．

我们回来已三个小时了。分析：在上面例句中若去掉Itwas...when/before/since等后，句子结构就不完整，所以不是强调句。2）①Itwasatthetheatre_________Lincolnwasmurdered.

Itwasthetheatre_________Lincolnwasmurdered.

A.which B.that C.where D.theone

CB②Itwasourteacher________didtheexperimentinthelablastnight.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.where③Itwastenyearsago________MissGaoreturnedtoChina.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as④Itwas________hesaid______disappointedme.A.what;that B.that;thatC.what;what D.that;what⑤Itwasforthisreason________herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.A.whichB.whyC.thatD.howBAAC强调句型中的be动词和情态动词的结合Itmaybe+被强调部分+that......Itmusthavebeen+被强调部分+that....Coulditbe+被强调部分+that....ItmighthavebeenJohn_____boughtanewbookforMaryyesterday.Itmaybenextweek_____sheleavesforTokyoA.whatB.sinceC.thatD.thenCC强调句型和（not）……until句型的结合。句式特征为:Itis/wasuntil+被强调部分+that+延续动词Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+短暂动词如：用强调句型对Ididn’tknowtheresultuntilhecomeback.中的划线部分进行强调，则变成：ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIknewtheresult.[简析]：注意此种情况下否定词not要从原题的主句上转移到被强调的从句上，这也是否定转移的一种形式。Itwasuntillastyearthathe________________________.A.leftschoolforanewstartB.cametorealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglishC.workedasanEnglishteacheratamiddleschoolD.setouttobuildanewhouseofhisown[简析]：本题不含否定词not，四个选项中只有C项中的动词work为延续性动词，答案C。Itwasnotuntillateintheevening_____herhusbandarrivedhome.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.how

Itwasnotuntil1920_____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.

A.whichB.whenC.thatD.since

Itwasnot_____shetookoffherdarkglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.

A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then

CCB注意"not...until"

句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：

Shedidn't

rememberherappointmentwiththedoctoruntil

shehadarrivedhome.

Itwas

notuntil

shehadarrivedhomethatsherememberedherappointmentwiththedoctor.

Notuntilshehadarrivedhomedidsherememberherappointmentwiththedoctor.

TextB:TheCake

Itwasthefirsttimeinher12yearsshehadtriedtomakeacakefromscratch,…注意本句的时态。It/This/Thatwillbethefirsttimetheyhavemeteachother.It/This/ThatisthethirdtimehehasseenanEnglishfilm.It/This/Thatwasthelasttimehehaddonesuchastrangething.该句型要注意时态的一致。即：主句为一般将来或一般现在时，从句用现在完成时；主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。TheywillgotoAmericanextmonth.Thatwillbethefirsttimethatthey______America.A．willvisitB．hadvisitedC．willhavevisitedD．havevisited使用现在（过去）完成时的结构1)

This/That/Itis+序数词+名词+that+现在完成时ItisthethirdtimethatI’vecometoBeijing.Itisthefifthtimethatsomeonehasknockedatmydoor.2)This/That/Itis+最高级或only修饰名词+现在完成时

ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatI’veeverseen.ItistheworstbookthatI’veeverread.3)“Itwasthe+序数词或最高级+that+过去完成时”句型中.总之：现在（过去）完成时总是与现在（过去）有着密切的联系；或是表示到现在（过去）为止这一段时间的“一直在延续”或“重复发生”的动作或状态；或是表示影响现状（过去）的事件。1、

fromscratch白手起家；从头做起EG:If

we

haveto

start

from

scratch

then

it

all

takes

time.2.tobehonest老实说；说实话Eg:To

be

honest,

I

wassurprised

he

knew

where

I

was,

we

moved

so

often.

3.turnedonv.打开；发动；取决于；使兴奋；攻击Eg:Then,

he

turned

on

the

television

and

she

heard

a

Dialogue

in

English

andthelaughter

of

a

studio

audience.4.turnoff关掉，关闭；拐弯，使转变方向Eg:And

during

somehours

ofthe

day,the

heat

mustbe

turned

off

altogether.5.beanxiousforsb.todosth.渴望某人做某事6.Bythetime等到；到…的时候Eg:"By

the

time

you

walkinto

that

meeting,there

shouldbe

no

surprises,"

she

says.explode

v.

突然爆发，迸发（感情）

用法：~with/in/intosth.

eg:Heexplodedwithrage,fury,jealousy,etc.他勃然大怒﹑暴跳如雷﹑妒火中烧等

Sheexplodedintoloudlaughter.她突然大笑起来。

其他词义：（使某物）爆炸；炸开

eg:Whentheboilerexplodedmanypeoplewereinjured.因锅炉爆炸，许多人受了伤。

explosive

adj.

爆炸性的；易爆炸的

eg:explosivematerials爆炸材料

explosive

n.

爆炸物；炸药

eg:Thebombwaspackedwithhighexplosive,i.e.asubstancethatexplodeswithgreatforce.这炸弹装有烈性炸药。

explosion

n.

greatandsuddenincrease激增

eg:apopulationexplosion人口激增

theexplosionofoilprices石油价格的急剧上涨

..wouldhavenoneofit不接受，不允许Eg:He

was

offered

a

job

but

he

said

he

would

have

none

of

it.inspection

n.检查；查看；审视

eg:Aninspectionwascarriedoutattheschool.学校接受了一次检查。inspect

v.

（a）检查（某事物）

eg:Thecustomsofficerinspectedmypassportsuspiciously.海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照。

（b）

视察（某事物）

eg:inspectaschool,factory,regiment,etc.视察学校﹑工厂﹑团队等allthewayto一直Eg:Sure,

take

mainstreet

east

all

the

way

to

first

street.5.makesureEg:And

you

haveto

make

sure,

whatI

always

sayForafewmomentsCindyandherfatherstoodsilently,neitheroneknowingwhattosay.Atlastshelookedupathim,hereyesmoistandred..独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

(作逻辑主语）

（作逻辑谓语）

1.Alloursavingsgone,westartedlookingforjobs.2.Thequestionsettled,wewenthome.3.Theriverhavingriseninthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible.

主格名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词）1.Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.2.Otherthingsbeingequal,Iwouldbuytheblackdress.主格名词/代词

+形容词Wetocareforthechildren,youareabletobecarefreeawayfromhome.主格名词/代词

+不定式

主格名词/代词

+副词Themeetingbeingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeeting-room.主格名词/代词

+介词短语OurE