自动化专业英语翻译1

PART1ElectricalandElectronicEngineeringBasicsSection2TheOperationalAmplifierNewWordsandExpressions

LanguagepointsExercisesNewWordsandExpressionsamplifiern.放大器integratedcircuit集成电路buildingblocks积木potentialn.(电)势cascaden.,v.串联；adj.串联的ontheorderof属于同类的，约为tradeoff换取cumbersomeadj.麻烦的intrinsicadj.内在的circuitryn.电路LanguagePoints[1]Oneproblemwithelectronicdevicescorrespondingtothegeneralizedamp-lifiersisthatthegains,AUorAI,dependuponinternalpropertiesofthetwo-portsystem(、、RI、Ro,etc).[2]Atthispointwewillmakenoattempttodescribetheseinnerworking.LanguagePoints[3]AtotallygeneralanalysisoftheOp-Ampisbeyondthescopeofsometexts.[4]Onlythreeconnectionsareshown:thepositiveandnegativeinputs,andtheoutput.NotshownareotherconnectionsnecessarytoruntheOp-Ampsuchasitsattachmentstopowersuppliesandtogroundpotential.LanguagePoints理想运算放大器的符号如图1-2A-1所示。图中只给出三个管脚：正输入、负输入和输出。让运算放大器正常运行所必需的其它一些管脚，诸如电源管脚、接零管脚等并未画出。图1-2A-1运算放大器LanguagePoints在实际电路中使用运算放大器时，后者是必要的，但在本文中讨论理想的运算放大器的应用时则不必考虑后者。两个输入电压和输出电压用符号U、U和Uo表示。每一个电压均指的是相对于接零管脚的电位。运算放大器是差分装置。差分的意思是：相对于接零管脚的输出电压可由下式表示(1-2A-1)式中A

是运算放大器的增益，U

和U

是输入电压。换句话说，输出电压是A乘以两输入间的电位差。LanguagePoints[5]Onekeytothesuccessofanoperatio-nalamplifieristhe“cascading”ofanum-beroftransistoramplifierstocreateaverylargetotalgain.Asecondimportantfactoristhatthesecircuitscanbebuiltinsuchawaythatthecurrentflowintoeachoftheinputsisverysmall.Athirdimportantdesignfeatureisthattheoutputresistanceoftheoperationalamplifier(R0)isverysmall.LanguagePoints[6]ThisisoneofthekeyfeaturesofOp-Ampdesign—theactionofthecircuitonsignalsdependsonlyupontheexternalelementswhichcanbeeasilyvariedbythedesignerandwhichdonotdependuponthedetailedcharacteroftheOp-Ampitself.LanguagePoints[7]AsimilarmathematicalanalysiscanbemadeonanyOp-Ampcircuit,butthisiscumbersomeandtherearesomeveryusefulshortcutsthatinvolveapplicationofthetowlawsofOp-Ampswhichwenowpresent.a.ThefirstlawstatesthatinnormalOp-Ampcircuitswemayassumethatthevoltagedifferencebetweentheinputterminalsiszero.LanguagePointsb.ThesecondlawstatesthatinnormalOp-Ampcircuitsbothoftheinputcurrentsmaybeassumedtobezero.ExercisesI.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Allthesimplecircuitelementsthatwillbeconsideredintheworkthatfollowscanbeclassifiedaccordingtotherelationshipofthecurrentthroughtheelementtothevoltageacrosstheelement.Forinstance,ifthevoltageacrosstheelementisdirectlyproportionaltothecurrentthroughit,oru=ki,weshallcalltheelementaresistor.Othertypesofsimplecircuitelementshaveaterminalvoltagewhichisproportionaltothetimederivativeortheintegralwithrespecttotimeofthecurrent.ThereExercisesI.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

arealsoelementsinwhichthevoltageiscompletelyindependentofthecurrentorthecurrentiscompletelyindependentofthevoltage;thesearetheindependentsources.Furthermore,weshallneedtodefinespecialkinds