Unit1EngineMechanical发动机汽车英语课件

ChapterOneEngine

许亚平2Unit1

EngineMechanical33ContentsPre-questionsImportantWords&PhrasesTasksTheTextExplanationExercisesChassis底盘AutomobileStructureofAnAutomobileEngine发动机Body车身ElectricalEquipment电气设备5Pre-questionsEngineWhat’stheheartofanautomobile?Whatdoestheengineconsistof?7ImportantWords&Phrasescylinderblock汽缸体cylinder['silində]

n.

汽缸

cylinderwall汽缸壁8ImportantWords&Phrasescylinder

head

汽缸盖cylinderliner汽缸套9ImportantWords&Phrases10ImportantWords&Phrasescrankshaft曲轴crankshaftassembly曲轴总成camshaft凸轮轴1111ImportantWords&Phraseslubricate

['lu:brikeit]vt.

润滑,加润滑油,注(上,涂)油lubrication

n.润滑lubricant

n.

润滑剂,润滑油,机油coolant

n.冷却液1212ImportantWords&Phrasesvalve

guide气门座

valveseat气门调整垫片

valveoilseal气门杆

valvestem气门传动机构

valveadjustingshim气门油封

valvedrivemechanism

气门导管valven.气门；阀(门)['mekənizəm]13ImportantWords&Phrases

exhaustn.排气，排气装置

intaken.进气，吸气

manifold['mænifəuld]

n.歧管exhaustvalve/stroke/manifold

排气门/行程/歧管intakevalve/stroke/manifold

进气门/行程/歧管14Task:GivingtheChineseNamescrankcasegasketcylinderheadcylindercoolingpassagesoilpancylinderblockcylinderheadcover机体组15ImportantWords&Phrasesinjector

n.

喷油器inject

v.

喷射，喷油，注射，注入injection

n.

[in'dʒektə]16ImportantWords&Phrases

gasketn.衬垫，垫圈e.g.

进气歧管垫intakemanifold

gasket排气歧管垫exhaustmanifold

gasket汽缸盖垫cylinderhead

gasket汽缸盖罩垫cylinderheadcover

gasketcylindergasket:汽缸垫功用是保证气缸盖与气缸体接触面的密封，防止漏气，漏水和漏油。cylinderheadcylinderheadcovergasketCylinderHeadCover&CylinderGasket倒档？空挡18ImportantWords&Phrases

gearn齿轮;传动装置;挡位timinggear

正时齿轮

gearratio传动比

first/secondgear

一/二挡gearbox变速箱(器)19ImportantWords&Phrases

piston

活塞pistonrings

活塞环compressionring

气环oilcontrolring

油环

pistonpin

活塞销20ImportantWords&Phrasespushrod推杆connectingrod连杆21compressionringoilcontrolringpistonpinpistonconnectingrodconnectingrodboltconnectingrodbearingconnectingrodcapTask:GivingtheChineseNames

活塞连杆组22ImportantWords&Phrases

connectingrodbearing连杆轴承23ImportantWords&Phrasesvalvestemcamshaftvalveclearance['kliərəns]24ImportantWords&Phrases

valvelifter液力的，液压的

hydrauliclifter气门挺柱液力(压)挺柱挺柱卡环阀架支承座单向阀柱塞弹簧碟形弹簧挺杆体柱塞推杆[hai'drɔ:lik]25ImportantWords&Phrases

valvespring

气门弹簧valveretainer

气门座圈[ri'teinə]26ImportantWords&Phrasesvalvespringvalvespringretainerkeeper

锁片27ImportantWords&Phrasesintakevalve（bigger）exhaustvalve（smaller）Whyaretheexhaustvalvesusuallysmallerthantheintakesones?28Task:GivingtheChineseNames

camshaftlifterpushrodrockerarmcamshafttiminggearrockerarmshaft气门传动组29ImportantWords&Phrases摇臂rockerarm3031valvetraincrank-connectingrodenginecoolinglubricatingstartingignitionfuelsupplyTwomechanisms:Fivesystems:32TheTextExplanation

Theengineblockisthemainsupportingstructure(towhichallotherenginepartsareattached).汽缸体发动机汽缸体是发动机的主要支撑装置，发动机的所有其它件都装在气缸体上。定语从句33TheTextExplanationattach…to:fasteninposition;fixorconnect

固定，连接，附着e.g.Heattachedtheseparts

tothemachine.他把这些零件固定在机器上。34TheTextExplanationThecrankcasesectionisusedto

housethecrankshaft,oilpan.

曲轴箱用于安装曲轴，机油盘。曲轴箱机油盘35TheTextExplanationhouse

v.:providewithaplacetolive

给…房子住，给…提供住房e.g.

Thisnewbuildingwill

housethetrainingcenter.实训中心将设在这幢新楼里。36TheTextExplanationThey

allowcoolant

tocirculatethroughoutthecylinderareatokeeptheenginecool.它们可以使冷却液在气缸周围循环流动以冷却发动机。冷却液气缸37TheTextExplanationallow…to:toletsb.dosth.,permit

允许，容许，准许e.g.Wearenotallowed

to

stayoutafter10o’clock.

(学校)不允许我们在10点以后待在外面。38Task:GivingtheChineseNamescrankcasegasketcylinderheadcylindercoolingpassagesoilpancylinderblockcylinderheadcover机体组39TheTextExplanation

Thepurposeofusingaliner

isthat,ifthecylinderisdamaged,thelinercanberemovedandreplacedrathereasily.…的目的(作用)是…使用汽缸套目的是在气缸损坏时缸套可以很容易地拆卸和更换。汽缸套40TheTextExplanation

thepurposeof(doing)sth.is

todo

that-clause…的目的（作用）是…e.g.Thepurposeofconductingabusiness

istomakemoney.做生意的目的是赚钱。41TheTextExplanation

replacev.

taketheplaceof代替，取代

e.g.Cananythingreplaceamother’slove?42地点状语TheTextExplanationsealsmustbeused[onthetopand

bottomofthewetsleeve][inordertokeepthecoolantfromleakingoutofthecoolingsystem].目的状语为了防止冷却系统内的冷却液泄露，在湿式缸套的上端和下端均装有水封。TheTextExplanationkeeponeself(sb.)fromsth/doingsth.

使自己(某人)不能做某事I’llcalltherolleveryweekinordertokeepyoufrombeingabsentfromtheclass.e.g.为了使大家不旷课，我每周都会点名。44TheTextExplanation[Afterthecylinderheadhasbeencast,]someareasmustbe

machined[sothatintakeandexhaustmanifoldscanbeattached,valvescanbeseated,sparkplugsandinjectorscanbeinstalled,andagoodsealcanbeprovidedtotheblock.]时间状语气缸盖喷油器进排气歧管火花塞目的状语铸造45TheTextExplanationmachine

v.用机器制造，加工

n.机器e.g.Hemachinedthesepartsofthemachine.

他用机器加工这些机器零件。attach,seat,install

这三个动词在句子中的含义基本相同，都做“安装”讲。46TheTextExplanationTranslation:气缸盖被铸造以后，其上的某些部位必须被加工以安装进排气歧管、气门、火花塞及喷油器，并可使气缸可靠密封。47TheTextExplanationThepistonandconnectingrodassembly

transmitsthepowerfrom

combustion

tothecrankshaft.活塞连杆总成燃烧transmit…

(from…to):tosendorpassfromonetoanother传送，传递48TheTextExplanatione.g.Theoptimismsoontransmitteditself

to

allthemembersofthecrowd.

这种乐观情绪很快感染了人群中所有的人。['ɔptimizəm]Itmainlyconsistsofpiston,

compressionrings,

oil

controlrings,

pistonpin

connectingrod.气环油环50TheTextExplanatione.g.

水由氢和氧组成.

iscomposedof

Water

ismadeupofhydrogenandoxygen.

consistsofconsistofbemadeupofbecomposedof由…组成51TheTextExplanationTranslation:活塞和连杆总成将燃料燃烧产生的动力传递给曲轴。如图1-1-3所示，活塞和连杆总成主要包括活塞、气环、油环、活塞销和连杆。52Revision:

Translatingthefollowingphrases气门杆凸轮轴气门间隙valveclearancecamshaftvalvestem53Revision:

Translatingthefollowingphrases气门弹簧气门弹簧座圈锁片valvespringretainerkeepervalvespring54气环油环活塞销活塞连杆连杆螺栓连杆轴承连杆盖Revision:

Translatingthefollowingphrases活塞连杆组compressionringoilcontrolringpistonpistonpinconnectingrodconnectingrodboltconnectingrodbearingconnectingrodcap55Revision:

Translatingthefollowingphrases凸轮轴挺柱推杆摇臂凸轮轴正时齿轮摇臂轴气门传动组camshaftcamshafttiminggearrockerarmrockerarmshaftpushrodlifterItisusedtoconnectpistontocrankshaftandchangethereciprocatingmotiontotherotarymotion.TheTextExplanation旋转运动把…与…连接往复运动Translation:(连杆)用于连接活塞和曲轴并将活塞的往复运动转变为曲轴的旋转运动。[ri'siprəkeit]['rəutəri]57TheTextExplanationTheexhaustvalvesareusuallysmallerindiameter

thantheintakeones,becauseontheexhauststrokethegasesmovemoreeasily[forthepressureofthepistonforcingthemout].排气门直径排气行程during在…时候intakevalve（bigger）exhaustvalve（smaller）Translation:通常，排气门的直径小于进气门的直径，这样便于排气行程中，在活塞压力的作用下废气更容易排出。Theyarepressedintothecylinderheadandgroundtothecorrectangle.TheTextExplanation将…压入grind(ground,ground)v.磨(碎);碾(碎);磨成

e.g.Theflourwas

ground

fromwheat.

[graind][graund]Translation:它被压装到汽缸盖内并研磨成特定的角度。61Exercises:

Answeringthequestions1.What’sthepurposeofusingacylinderliner?Thepurposeofusingalineristhat,ifthecylinderisdamaged,thelinercanberemovedandreplacedrathereasily.62Exercises:

Answeringthequestions2.Whatcomponentsdoesthepistonandconnectingrodassemblyconsistof?Itconsistsofpiston,compressionrings,oilcontrolrings,pistonpinandconnectingrod.63Exercises:

Answeringthequestions3.Whatcomponentsdoescrankshaftassemblyconsistof?Itincludesthecrankshaft,bearing,flywheel,harmonicbalancer,timinggear,andfrontandrearseals.64Exercises:

Answeringthequestions4.Howdoesthepistonreciprocatingmotionchangetothecrankshaftrotarymotion?Connectingrodisusedtoconnectpistontocrankshaftandchangethereciprocatingmotiontotherotarymotion.65Exercises:

Answeringthequestions5.What’sthefunctionofthevalvedrivemechanism?It’susedtotransferthecamshaftlifttothevalveassembly.66Exercises:

Answeringthequestions6.Howdoestherotarymotionofthecamshaftchangetoreciprocatingmotion?Lifterschangetherotarymotionofthecamshafttoreciprocatingmotiontoopenandclosethevalve.67Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglish1.曲轴主轴颈2.缸盖螺栓3.活塞环4.连杆轴颈crankshaft(main)journalcylinderheadboltpistonringconnecting-rodjournal68Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglish7.摇臂轴8.液力挺柱6.连杆螺栓5.汽缸盖垫cylinderheadgasketconnecting-rodboltrockerarmshafthydrauliclifter69Exercises:

TranslatingthesentencesintoChineseTheproblemcanoftenbeassociatedwithacrackinthecylinderheadorpossiblewarpofthecylinderhead.Acrackintheblockmayalsocausecoolanttothecombustionchamberandcausewhiteexhaustsmoke.与…有关裂缝汽缸盖燃烧室弯曲汽缸体70Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglishTranslation:该故障通常由缸盖内的裂缝或缸盖变形而引起。缸体内的裂缝也可能使冷却液渗入燃烧室，从而导致冒白烟。71Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglish2.[

Wheninstallinganexchangecylinderhead(withcamshaftinstalled)],thecontactsurfaces

betweenthehydraulicliftersandthecammustbeoiled[beforeinstallingthecylinderheadcover].接触面时间状语时间状语从句72Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglishTranslation:当更换缸盖(已安装凸轮轴)时，液力挺柱与凸轮之间的接触面要先上机油，再安装汽缸盖罩。73inadditionto除…之外Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglish3.Metalshavings

orlargequantitiesofsmallmetalparticlesfoundintheengineoilduringrepairscanbecaused.Ifsuchparticlesarefound,apartfrom

thoroughlycleaningtheoilpassages,itisnecessarytoreplacetheoilcooler.屑片大量的颗粒,微粒彻底地机油冷却器74Exercises:

TranslatingthefollowingintoEnglishTranslation:维修过程中会使发动机机油里有金属屑或大量细小的金属微粒。如果有金属颗粒，除了彻底清洁油道