定语从句讲座课件

定语从句讲座课件WhichbabyisJack?穿蓝裤子的baby是Jack。Thebaby

isJack.Thebaby

isJack.whosetrousersarebulewhoiswearingbuletrousersJackWhichhouseismine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。Thehouseismine.whoseroofisbrownMyhouseTheAttributiveClause

（定语从句）复句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，它的作用相当于形容词。2.定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词叫先行词。3.引导定语从句的词叫关系词（分为：关系代词和关系副词）。Eg：Theletter（thatIreceivedyesterday）ismissing.

先行词关系代词（定语从句）找出下列复合句中的定语从句、先行词、关系词，并说明关系词在从句中所担当的成分，再写出主句。主语eg：Theletter

（thatIreceivedyesterday）ismissing.

先行词关系代词（定语从句）主句:Theletterismissing.1.Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhard

willnotpass

theexam.作主语1.Thestudents

(whodon’tstudyhard)willnotpass

先行词定语从句theexam.主句:Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.2.Thewomanwhoyousawintheparkisour

Englishteacher.主句:2.Thewoman

(whoyousawinthepark)isour

先行词定语从句Englishteacher.主句:ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.从句的主语：youWho在从句的作宾语：3.Ashoeshopisashopwhichsellsshoes.4.Thebookthatyouwant

isonthedesk.

3.Ashoeshopisashop

(whichsellsshoes).主句：Ashoeshopisashop.从句的主语:which4.Thebook(thatyouwant)isonthedesk.主句从句的主语:从句的宾语：Thebookisonthedesk.youthat(定语从句)关系词关系词也叫引导词，可分为两类：关系代词和关系副词。注意：关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系的作用，并在定语从句中做一定的成分。1.关系代词:who

、

whom、that、which、whose.

在定语从句中作主语或宾语。2.关系副词：when、where、why.

在定语从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因

状语。关系代词:

1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）此时可换作that，作宾语还可换作whom

Theman（who/thatItalkedwith

）isourteacher.宾语

Aperson

（

who/that

stealsthings）iscalledathief.主语

2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),可换作that（如有介词不能用that）Theman（(whom/who)Inoddedto）isMrLi.Theman（towhomInodded）isProfessorLi.3.which指物，作主语或宾语,也可用that(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省,也不能用that)，Thesearethetrees(which

/that

wereplanted

lastyear).主语Isthisthelibrary((which/that)youborrowbooksfrom)?宾语Isthisthelibrary(fromwhichyouborrowBooks)?

4.that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachine(that/whichcanfly）.

Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman((that/whom)Itoldyouabout).5.whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。Thisisthebook(whosecoverisblue).Thisisthebook(ofwhichthecoverisblue).归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。

which,指物，作主语或宾语。

who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1)Aplaneisamachine___________canfly.2)Thecar________myuncleboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.3)Thestudents_________don’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman_________yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhom/that5.Thehouse__________weliveinisveryold.6.Thosearetheshoes__________Ilostlastweek.7.Thatistheman__________foundmyhandbag.8.Lucycan’teatfood__________has chocolateinit.

which/that

which/that

who/that

which/that9.Thevillage__________GuoPenglivesinisveryfaraway.10.Theboy__________iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.11.Ihatepeople__________talkmuchbutdolittle.12.Thedetectivefoundthethieves__________robbedtheBankofHawaii.13.Myauntworksinauniversity__________hasoverfivethousandstudents.

which/that

who/that

who/that

who/that

which/thatTheroadwhich/thatwasdestroyedintheearthquakehasnowbeenbuiltstronger.1.

Theroad

hasnowbeenbuiltstronger.

Itwasdestroyedintheearthquake.

ThesoldiershavesavedthepeopleWho/thatwereindanger.2.Thepeoplewereindanger.Thesoldiershavesavedthem.them把下列的句子合并为含定语从句的复合句。Thewaiterwho/thatservedusteawasveryfriendlyandpolite.3.Thewaiterwasveryfriendlyandpolite.Heservedustea.HeAdictionaryisabookwhich/thatyoucanusetolearnmorewords.4.Adictionaryisabook.Youcanuseittolearnmorewords.itXiaoMingworksinashopwhich/thatsellsphotocameras.XiaoMingworksinashop.Theshopsellsphotocameras.Whatwasthenameofthefarmer?HediscoveredthetombofQinShiHuang.Whatwasthenameofthefarmerwho/thatdiscoveredthetombofQinShiHuang.That与which的特殊用法：以下情况只能用that1.

先行词既有指人又有指物.eg:Theyaretalkingaboutthepersonsandthings

thattheysawinthefactory.2.

当先行词为序数词或前被序数词修饰时。eg:Shewasthe

firstpersonthatpassedtheexam.3.当先行词是最高级形式或被形容词最高级修饰时。eg:Theoldest

manthatsitsinthemiddleismygrandfather.all,much,anything,something,nothing,none,theone等不定代词.eg:I'minterestedineverythingthatisaboutfootball.5.先行词前面有oneof，all，no，little，few，any,theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时。eg：Iwanttoreadall

thebooks

thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.6.

主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时Whoistheboythatisplayingfootball?Fillintheblanks:1.Theterribletyphoon（台风）killedthepeopleandcattle（牛，牲畜）_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?Fillintheblanks:1.Theterribletyphoon（台风）killedthepeopleandcattle（牛，牲畜）_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?thatthatthatthatthatthat以下情况只能用which1.

关系词前有介词时.Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.2.

当先行词为that,those时。eg:What'sthat

whichwasputinthecar?3.一个句子有两个定语从句时，为了避免重复，一个用that，一个用which。eg:Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.

Exercise:Pleasepassme

thebook

of________the

coverisgreen.

2.Whatarethose______wereputinthecar.3.Hebuiltupafactory_______producedthings

that

hadneverbeenseenbefore.whichwhichwhichwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.onwhichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhich==关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.onwhichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhich==关系副词比较:Theplace____interestedmemostwasJiuzhaigou.该定语从句缺少主语，先行词是物，所以答案为：Awhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.forwhich=合作探究：观察下面复合句中的定语从句、先行词、关系词，以及关系词在从句中所担当的成分。：

1.Theplace

（that/whichinterstedmemostwasjiuzhaigou.

先行词关系代词（主语）（定语从句）（提示：Theplacewasjiuzhaigou.

Itinterstedmemost.)2.IlikeHainan

（wheretheweatheriswarm）.

先行词关系副词（在从句中作地点状语）（定语从句）（提示：IlikeHainan

.

TheweatheriswarminHainan.

）Theroadwhich/that（主语）

wasdestroyedintheearthquakehasnowbeenbuiltstronger.1.The

road

hasnowbeenbuiltstronger

It（主语）

wasdestroyedintheearthquake.

Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.

2.Thisistheschool.Mymotherworksintheschool（地点状语）(二)把下列的句子合并为含定语从句的复合句。

Exercise：1.Istillremembertheday_________wespentintheforest.2.Istillremembertheday____________IfirstcametoBeijing.3.Thefactory_________wewillvisitislarge.4.Thefactory____________hisfatherworksislarge.5.I’llneverforgetthetime_____________weworkonthefarm.6.Thisisthehouse____________welivedlastyear.that/whichwhen/onwhichthat/whichwhere/inwhichwhen/atwhichwhere/inwhich

关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.(定语从句)归纳总结在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：1由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，有在从句中充当一个成分，因此，要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。2当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who（做主语，宾语），that（做主语，宾语），whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）3当先行词指物时，关系代词可用that（做主语，宾语），which（做主语，宾语）4在定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可省略，但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用whom，指物时，介词后只用which。5在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用who，指物时，只用which。ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略指物，只用which指人,只用whomIsthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.(定语从句)强化训练Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whosethat,orwhich.1Ihaveafriend___________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.2YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.3Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.4Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.who/thatwhich/thatwhoseWhich/thatFillintheblankswithwho,whom,whosethat,orwhich.5Thefamily_____I’mstayingwithlivesintown.6Iknowthestudent________articlewaspublished.7Betty,______hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.8Myparentsliveinahouse____________ismorethan100yearsold.9Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.thatwhosewhowhich/thatwhom(中考链接)中考题型呈现定语从句()1.(2012年广东)Therewillbeaflowershowinthepark________wevisitedlastweek.A．whoC．whatB．whenD．Which

D先行词park在从句中作visited的宾语，从句起到修饰先行词的作用，故就用which。()2.(2012年广东广州)Wheneverhewaslate,hecouldfindplentyofexcuses________soundedreasonable.A.whoC．when

B.where D.whichD先行词excuses指物，且在从句中作主语。故选D。()3.(2012年广东佛山)Foshanisacity________hasaverylonghistory.A．whoseB．whichC．WhoB先行词acity指物，且在从句中作主语。故选B。()4.(2012年广东河源________issmokingislookingfor________shelostyesterday.A．whom;whichC．that;whoB．who;what D．which;where

B先行词Mr.Smith指人，且在从句中作主语，故第一个空应该填who,whatshelost意为“她所掉的东西”。故选B。()5.(2012年广东湛江)—Doyouknowthegirl________issittingunderthetree?—Yes,sheismylittlesister.A．whatC．whomB．whichD．WhoD先行词thegirl指人，且在从句中作主语。故选D。()6.(2012年广东肇庆)Thelastplace________wevisitedwastheSummerPalace.A．whereB．thatC．WhyB先行词是thelastplace指物，且在从句中作宾语。故选B。()7.(2011年广东)Thefirstthing________mybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistowritealetter.A.whichC．whyB．thatD．who

B先行词thing指物，在从句中作宾语，且前面有序数词thefirst修饰，故从句用that引导。()8.(2011年广东佛山)Doyouhaveanyshoes________canmatchthedress?A.thatB．whoC．Whose

A题意：你有能与这条连衣裙相搭配的鞋子吗？先行词shoes指物，且在从句中作主语，故用that。()9.(2011年广东清远)Haveyoureadthebook________isaboutthemoon?

A.whatC．/

B．itD．Which

Dit和what不能作定语从句的引导词，故A、B项错误；先行词thebook指物，且作主语，关系词不能省略，故用which。()10.(2011年广东广州)Thestory________Ireadinthenewspaperwasaboutacommonproblemamongteenagers.A.WhoseC．thatB．whoD．WhereC先行词指物，且在从句中作宾语。故选C。()11.(2011年广东肇庆)PeoplefromdifferentplacescometovisitZhaoqing________isfamousforitsbeautifulmountainsandlakes.A.whatB．whichC．whoB先行词Zhaoqing指物，且在从句中作主语，故用which。()12.(2011年广东梅州)Ihatethose________don'thelpotherswhen