商务沟通技巧 charpter 3

BusinessCommunicationFundamentalsChapterThreeInterculturalCommunicationi.UnderstandingCulturesandCommunicationii.HighContextorLowContext?iii.DevelopingInterculturalBusinessCommunicationSkillsiv.BusinessAnthropogeography:DoingBusinessaroundtheWorldCultureandItsContextCultureisalearnedsetofsharedinterpretationsaboutbeliefs,values,norms,andsocialpractices,whichaffectthebehaviorsofarelativelylargegroupofpeople.CommunicationexpertEdwardHalldevelopedausefulwaytounderstandculturesbyidentifyingtheirsocialframeworksas“highcontext”or“lowcontext”.Highcontextculturesemphasizethecontextinwhichacommunicationtakesplace;theypayagreatdealofattentiontoimplicit,nonverbalmessages.Incontrast,lowcontextculturesplacelessemphasisonthecontextofacommunication(suchasimpliedmeaningornonverbalmessages);theyrelyonexplicitverbalmessages.HighcontextculturesApersonfromahighcontextculturegenerally:ReliesonimplicitcommunicationEmphasizesnonverbalcommunicationSubordinatestaskstorelationshipsEmphasizescollectiveinitiativeanddecision-makingViewsemployer/employeerelationshipashumanisticReliesonintuitionortrustratherthanfactsandstatisticsPrefersindirectstyleinwritingandspeakingFavorscircularorindirectreasoningAdherestothespiritofthelawLowcontextculturesFromanothernineaspects,apersonfromalowcontextculturegenerally:Reliesonexplicit(literal)communicationEmphasizesverbalcommunicationovernonverbalcommunicationSeparatesjobtasksfromrelationshipsEmphasizesindividualinitiativeanddecision-makingViewsemployer/employeerelationshipasmechanisticReliesonfacts,statistics,andotherdetailsassupportingevidenceUsesdirectstylewritingandspeakingPreferslinearreasoningDevelopingInterculturalBusinessCommunicationSkillsTakeresponsibilityforcommunication.Showrespect.Tolerateambiguity.Bepatientandpersistent.Beflexible.Emphasizecommonground.Sendclearmessages.Increaseyourculturalsensitivity.Dealwiththeindividual.DifferentconceptsindifferentculturesInbusinesscommunication,weshouldnoticethatdifferentconceptsindifferentculture,especiallyfacingthesameobject.ColorAnimalsblackcart,dog,pig,dragonProverbsNumbers4,13,11,BusinessAnthropogeography

DoingBusinessaroundtheWorldAnthropogeographyisakeypieceofknowledgebothinbusinessandcross-culturalcommunication,involvinggeographicsurvey,language,population,weather,timedifference,currencies,economicorganizations,marketleaders,seaports,airports,airlinesandaeriallines,religions,traditions,etc.AsiaAsthelargestcontinent,ithasanareaof44,000,000sqkm,thelargestpopulation(3.776billionin2006).FarEast,MiddleEast,SouthAsia&SouthEastAsiaAsia:ChinaMainReligions:Buddhism,Taoism,ConfucianismKeepsthelargestforeignexchangereserves38000美元（1974），1.67亿（1978），5400亿（2004），1万亿（2006），2万亿（2010）Thelargesttrader(2010中德美)10%ofglobaltrade;ThelargestexporterGDPgrowthby9%onaverageoverthepast30years德精英调查:中国20年后将成第一经济大国,第二政治大国目前排名：“政治大国”：美国、中国、俄罗斯、欧盟、法国、德国；“经济大国”：美国、中国、德国、英国、法国、欧盟。

20年后排名：“经济大国”：中国、美国、印度、欧盟、德国、巴西；“政治大国”：美国、中国、欧盟、俄罗斯、印度、巴西。Asia:JapanMainReligions:Shinto（神道）,BuddhismRespectfortheAgedDay,Sept15thGDP(PPPPurchasingPowerParity)ranksasthe3rdbehindUSA&PRC.CIARankOrderGDPPercapita2007/2009ExportCommodities:machinery,motorvehicles,consumerelectronicsImportCommodities:manufactures,foodstuffs,rawmaterials,fossilfuelsAsia:SouthKoreaMainReligions:Buddhism,ChristianNationalFlag:《周易》(乌克兰)伏羲《易经》“易有太极，是生两仪（天地），两仪生四象金木水火），四象生八卦（乾代表天，坤代表地，坎代表水，离代表火，震代表雷，艮(gèn)代表山，巽(xùn)代表风，兑代表泽）”Oneofthe4TigersofAsiaGDP7timesIndia’s,17timesNorthKorea’sAsia:SouthKoreaExportCommodities:electronic&electricalequipment,machinery,steel,automobiles,ships,textiles,clothing(footwear),fishImportCommodities:machinery，electronics&electronicequipment,oil,transportequipment,textiles,organicchemicals,grainsAsia:IndiaPopulation:11亿(2009)Alargeshareofthepopulation,about40%,remainstoopoortoaffordanadequatediet.Softwaredevelopmentaccountsfor70%Export:textiles,gems&jewelry,leatherImport:crudeoil,machinery,fertilizer,chemicalsAsia:PakistanTheyarethemaingroupofimporterofChinesetextilemarketAsia:SingaporeChineseasanofficiallanguage.Apopulationover5millionwithChineseaccountingfor76.2%,mainlyfromGuangdong,Fujian,ShanghaiandHainan.Oneofthe4TigersinAsia.Export:computerequipment,rubberproducts,telecommunicationsequipmentImport:aircraft,petroleum,foodstuffsAsian:VietnamVietnamsufferedthree“lostdecades”inthe20thcentury.In2001,theUS-VietnamBilateralTradeAgreementservesasaneconomicboost.Export:rice,log,marineproducts,coffee,rubber,teaImport:machinery,steelproducts,rawcotton,motorcyclesAsia:SaudiArabiaOil-basedeconomy:largestreservesofpetroleumintheworld(26%)andlargestexporterplayingaleadingroleinOPEC.GreenrelishesluckandlifeinIslam:国旗.Whiteispurity.宗教警察：禁女士驾车、外出披Abaya.禁忌公共场所拍照Asia:UnitedArabEmiratesaMiddleEasternfederationofsevenstatessituatedinthesoutheastoftheArabianPeninsulainSouthwestAsiaonthePersianGulf,borderingOmanandSaudiArabia.DubaiAfricaThesecondlargestcontinentandsecondlargestpopulation.NorthAfrica,WestAfrica,CentralAfrica,EastAfricaandSouthernAfricaAfrica:EgyptAsacountryofIslam,Egyptiansarenotusedtopayingavisittoadifferentsex.肮脏的左手---方便、脏活，“右比左好”。Yawningisadrivefromthedevil.不速之客也能受欢迎，但在商务会见中你也有可能被打断、冷落。旅游：PyramidsandSphinxAfrica:SouthAfricaReligions:Christian,CatholicismModerateagriculturalsectorandFabulousmineralwealth(gold,diamond)Export:gold,diamondandothermineralsImport:machinery,textiles,scientificinstrumentsEuropeThesecondsmallestcontinentonlylargerthanAustraliabutthethirdinpopulation.EuropeanUnion(EU),foundedon1stNov,1993,isof27independentcountriesfoundedtoenhancepolitical,economicandsocialcooperation.CommonwealthofIndependentStates(CIS),foundedinDec1991,isof12countriesincludingRussia.Europe:DenmarkMaerskLogistics

A.P.Moller马士基集团成立于1904年，总部设立在丹麦哥本哈根，遍布全球125个国家，旗下员工超过100000名。

自1924年进入中国后，至今已建立了30家独资或合资公司，招募了超过5000名员工。Andersen’sFairyTalesEurope:ItalyWheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Export:textiles,productionmachinery,motorvehicles,tobacco,beverages,foodImport:textiles,energyproducts经常迟到：Sorry,trafficjam!最轻松的翻译。Ciao!Grazie!PlagoEurope:GermanyThe5thlargestnationaleconomyintheworldbutprovedtobeoneoftheslowestgrowingeconomiesintheentireEurozone.Export:machinery,vehicles,manufacturesImport:foodstuffs,textilesEurope:SwitzerlandAprosperousandstablemodernmarketeconomywithlowunemploymentandahighlyskilledlaborforceExport:watchesSwatchGroupofSwitzerlandImport:textiles,agriculturalproductsEurope:FranceFrance’sleadersremaincommittedtoacapitalisminwhichtheymaintainsocialequitybymeansoflaws,taxpolicies,andsocialspendingthatreduceincomedisparityandtheimpactoffreemarketsonpublichealthandwelfare.Europe:FranceTheratioofBlue,WhiteandRedinthenationalflagis30:33:37tosolvethevisualproblemofBluemuchwiderthanRed.MuchemphasislaidonFashion,“ParisStyle”FrenchGourmetLaDefense---CommercialZone3Europe:FranceCarrefour欧洲最大零售商世界第二大零售商世界最大食品零售商世界最国际化的零售企业中国最大外资零售商Europe:NetherlandsHolland;DutchlandShell壳牌石油，统一润滑油Europe:UKOneofthe4TrilliondollareconomiesofWesternEurope(Germany,France,Italy),aleadingtradingpowerandfinancialcenterHSBCHoldingEurope:UK三大禁忌a.排队不加塞儿。b.不问女士年龄。c.不能砍价Yorkshire风俗：女孩该谈婚论嫁时穿紧身衣，绿色表示“我愿恋爱，大胆追求吧！”，黄色“有机遇，中意便可能成功。”，红色“别理我！”Europe:PolandAsuccessstoryamongtransitioneconomieswhichsteadfastlypursuedapolicyofeconomicliberalization.FatherofEsperanto:Zamenhof柴门霍夫Publicfacility:▽forGents’〇forLadies’MostlovelygirlsinEuropeAmericaThethirdcontinentNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement,NAFTA(北美自由贸易区)，launchedinJan,1994,hassetavaluableexampleofthebenefitsoftradeliberalizationincludingUSA,CanadaandMexico.America:USATheUSAistheUK’slargestsingleexportmarketandtheUKisthesixthbiggestexportertotheUSAafterCanada,Mexico,China,JapanandGermany.WalmartStores,ExxonMobil(oil),FordMotor,GeneralElectric,CitibankAmerica:CanadaMainReligions:Christianity,Judaism,Islam,HinduHighlyproductivefarmingwithonly8%ofcoverageExport:fertilizer,machineryImport:crudeoil,durableconsumergoodsAmerica:MexicoMainReligions:Catholic,ProtestantWorld’slargestproducerofsilverandoneofthe5majorproducersofoil.餐饮：仙人掌cactus5000年前的玛雅(Maya)文化主要孕育、兴起、发展于今墨西哥的尤卡坦半岛，这一地区的总面积为32.4万平方公里，其人口最高峰时达1400万人。America:BrazilUsingBrazilianPortuguese,asalower-middleincomeeconomy,BrazilistheUK’mostimportanttradingpartnerinLatinAmerica.BRICs金砖四国，2050年，世界经济格局将会剧烈洗牌，全球新的六大经济体将变成中国、美国、印度、日本、巴西、俄罗斯。目前掌握经济话语权的G7(美国、日本、德国、英国、法国、意大利和加拿大)。OceaniaThesmallestcontinent,mainlyAustralia,NewZealand,PapuaNewGuinea.Oceania:AustraliaArea:7,686,850sqkmPopulation:20,264,000(over50millioninZhejiangprovince)ThethirdlargesteconomyinAsia-PacificRegionafterJapanandChina.Export:minerals(coal,gold),meat,woolImport:machinery,equipmentRabbitsarenotluckysymbolsthere.Oceania:NewZealandTheLordoftheRings,ReturnoftheKing毛利人（Māori）NationalBird:KiwiDogeating勤奋的牧羊犬创造了新西兰HelenClarkMainReligiousSchoolsChristianityHinduismBuddhismTaoism