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初一英语短语词组和重点句型归纳(包括试题)

一、动词+介词

1.lookat…看…,looklike…看上去像……,lookafter…照料…

2.listento…听……

3.welcometo…欢迎到……

4.sayhelloto…向……问好

5.speakto…对……说话

二、动词+副词

1.puton穿上2.takeoff脱下3.writedown记下

4.comeon赶快5.getup起床6.gohome回家

7.comein进来8.sitdown坐下9.standup起立

三、其它类动词词组

1.closethedoor2.1ookthesame3.gotowork/class5.havealook/seat6.havesupper

7.1ookyoung8.goshopping9.watchTV/games10.playgames

[介词短语聚焦]

1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。

2.in+Row/Team/Class/Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”

3.inthemorning/afternoon/evening/在上午/下午/傍晚。

4.inthedesk/pencil-box/bedroom表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。

5.inthetree表示“在树上(非树本身所有)”;onthetree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。

6.inthewall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;onthewall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。

7.atwork(在工作)/atschool(上学)/athome(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。

8.at+时刻表示钟点。

9.likethis/that表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”。

10.of短语表示所属关系。

11.behind/beside/near/under+名词等,表示方位、处所。

12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”。

另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:onduty,afterbreakfast,atnight,atthedoor,inthemiddle,inthesky,onone’sbike等。

[重点句型大回放]

1.Ithink…意为“我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用Idon’tthink…,

2.givesth.tosb./givesb.sth.意为“把……给……”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用giveit/themtosb.

3.takesb./sth.to…意为“把……(送)带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人。

4.One…,theother…/Oneis…andoneis…意为“一个是……;另一个是……”,必须是两者中。

5.Letsb.dosth.意为“让某人做某事”,否定式Don’tletsb,dosth.,或Letsb.notdosth.6.helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换.

7.Whatabout…?/Howabout…?意为“……怎么样?”8.It’stimetodo…/It’stimeforsth.意为“该做……的时间了”,9.liketodosth./likedoingsth.意为“喜欢做某事”,前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,

10.asksb.(not)todosth.意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中asksb.后应接动词不定式,

11.showsb.sth./showsth.todo.意为“把某物给某人看”12.introducesb.tosb.意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introducetosb.则是“向某人作介绍”。

[重点短语快速复习]

kindsof各种各样的2.either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是……

3.neither…nor…既不……也不……

5.takeaseat就坐

6.homecooking家常做法

7.befamousfor因……而著名

8.ononeswayto在……途中9.besick/illinhospital生病住院

10.attheendof在……的尽头,在……的末尾

11.waitfor等待

12.intime及时

13.makeone’swayto…往……(艰难地)走去

14.justthen正在那时

15.firstofall首先,第一

16.gowrong走错路

17.be/getlost迷路

18.makeanoise吵闹,喧哗

19.geton上车

20.getoff下车

21.standinline站队

22.waitingroom候诊室候车室

23.attheheadof…在……的前头

24.laughat嘲笑

25.throwabout乱丢,抛散

26.infact实际上

27.atmidnight在半夜

28.haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself玩得愉快

29.quarrelwithsb.和某人吵架

30.takeone’stemperature给某人体温

31.have,getapainin某处疼痛

32.haveaheadache头痛

33.assoonas…一……就……

34.feellikedoingsth.想要干某事

35.stop…fromdoingsth.阻止……干某事

36.fallasleep入睡

37.againandagain再三,反复地

38.wakeup醒来,叫醒

39.insteadof代替

40.lookover检查

41.takeexercise运动

42.hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不要)干某事

43.attheweekend在周末

44.ontime按时

45.outof从……向外

46.allbyoneself独立,单独

47.lotsof=alotof许多

48.nolonger/more=not…anylonger/more不再

49.getback回来,取回

50.soonerorlater迟早

51.runaway逃跑

52.eatup吃光,吃完

53.runafter追赶

54.takesth.withsb.某人随身带着某物

55.take(good)careof…=lookafter…(well)(好好)照顾,照料

56.thinkof考虑到,想起

57.keepadiary坚持写日记

58.leaveonebyoneself把某人单独留下

59.harderandharder越来越厉害

60.turnon打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)

61.turnoff关

英语期中考试一Choosethebestanswer.()1.l_ss_nA.e,a B.a,o C.e,o D.i,o()2.f__ty-sixA.ou B.or C.al D.our()3.bla__b_ardA.uk,u B.ck,l C.ok,o D.ck,o()4.manag__A.ou B.or C.er D.te()5.gran__otherA.mu B.mo C.dm D.dn()6.p_tat_A.a,o B.o,o C.a,a D.o,a()7.p__tyA.or B.ur C.ar D.re()8.f__dgeA.o,i B.i,o C.a,e D.e,a()10.h__seA.or B.ue C.uo D.ee二Fillineachblankwiththecorrectformofthegivenwords.BeijingandShanghaiarebig_________(city).Lookattheboyoverthere.______(he)nameisLiLiang.Doyoulike__________(swim)?---No,Idon’t.AreyoufromEngland?---No,I’m___________.(America)______(this)aremyparentsandtheyarefactoryworkers.Where’sthegym?---It’sinab________infrontoftheoffices.Inf_______ofthefruitthere’ssomemeat.JackieChanismyf___________filmstar(电影明星).Howmanypeoplearethereinyourf___________Therearethree.T______youforyourhelp(帮助).三Choosethebestanswer.()1.Fishandrice__myfavouritefood.A.areB.isC.beD.like()2.Therearesome___infrontofthehouse.A.boxB.boxsC.sheepsD.sheep()3.Havetheygotanydictionaries?---Yes,__.A.IhaveB.wehaveC.theyhave()4.HasTomgot___brother?---No,hehasn’tany.A.someB.anyC.aD.many()5.We____anyonions.Wewillbuysome(将要买一些).A.havegotB.haven’tgotC.hasn’tgotD.hasgot()6.Wealllike___food.A.ChinaB.China’sC.ChineseD.Chinese’s()7.There___somebooksonthedesks.A.haveB.hasgotC.there’sD.are()8.Pleasewelcomethenewstudent__ourclass.A.tooB.ofC.atD.to()9.Whatareyour___jobs?A.parent’sB.parents’sC.parents’D.father’s()10.Thatisaphoto___Mr.Zhang.A.toB.offC.withD.of()11.There____computersintheclassroom.A.isn’taB.isn’tanyC.areanyD.aren’tany()12.Aretheyyourcoats?---No,___.therearen’tB.theyareC.theyaren’tD.thereisn’t()13.Thedininghallis___thesciencelab.A.nextB.infrontC.inthefrontofD.behind()14.Is_____familybig___small?---It’sbig.A.Betty,andB.Betty’s,orC.Bettys,andD.Betty’s,and()15.Tonyhas___gotfourgrandparents,twounclesandoneaunt.tooB.eitherC.alsoD./()16.I’minChunliang___mydaughter.A.andB.withC.toD.of()17.Ithinkmeat,vegetablesandfruitare___food.A.healthyB.unhealthyC.healthD.unhealthy()18.Cokeis__unhealthydrink____Ilikeitbest.A.a,butB.an,andC.an,butD.a,and()19.Tonyis_______andheiseleven____.A.English,yearoldB.American,oldC.English,yearsoldD.America,yearsold()20.____areyoufrom?---We’refromJapan.A.WhatB.WhereC.HowoldD.How四Choosethebestanswer.()1.What’shername?A.She’stwenty-one.()2.Howmanyuncleshaveyougot?B.No,theyaren’t.()3.Isthereabirdinthetree?C.HernameisLinda.()4.Canyourbrotherplaythepiano?D.Ilikeplayingfootball.()5.Isyourmotheradoctoratthehospital?E.Yes,hecan.()6.Haveyougotanyfactories?F.I’vegotthree.()7.Howoldisthegirl?G..No,therearen’tany.()8.What’syourfavouritesport?H.Yes,sheis.()9.Aretheyhealthydrinks?I.No,Ihaven’t.()10.Isyourfamilybigorsmall?J.It’ssmall.五、句型转换,每个空一个词.1.Hercoatisred.(用blue改为选择疑问句)_______hercoatred______blue?2.Therearesomefactoriesinthecity.(一般疑问句)______________________factoriesinthecity?3.Theyhavegotsometomatoesandonions.(否定句)They______got_______tomatoes______onions.4.Thereareeightapplesonthetable.How______________arethereonthetable?5.Cokeisn’tahealthydrink.(同义句)Cokeis______________drink.六Completethefollowingdialogue.ALiLei:Welcomeyoutoourhome,Peter.Peter:Thankyouverymuch.Oh,there__1____manythings(东西)onthetable.LiLei:Pleaseeatsomefish.Bytheway(顺便问一下),___2___yourfavourtiefood?Peter:Myfavoutiefoodisrice.LiLei:What’syourfavourite___3_____?Peter:I___4___drinkingCokebestbutitisn’tahealthydrink.LiLei:Don’tdrinkmuchCokebecause(因为)it’sbadforyour_____5____.Peter:Ithinkso.BHanMei:Hello,ZhuMing.Whereareyoufrom?ZhuMing:Hello,HanMei.I’m____6____Shanghai.HanMei:Oh,Shanghaiisa___7____city.ZhuMing:Yes,itis.HanMei:Whatdoesyourfatherdo?ZhuMing:___8____adoctor.HanMei:___9____aboutyourmother?ZhuMing:SheisanEnglishteacher.HanMei:Youhavegotahappyfamily.ZhuMing:That’sright.1._______2._______3.________4.________5.________6._______7._______…8._________9._________七.完型填空和阅读理解。AThisisaphoto__1__LiLei’sfamily.Inhisfamilytherearefour__2___---hisparents,hissisterLiJingandhim.__3___fatherisafactoryworker.Hismotherisafactoryworker,__4__.Hissister__5___hearestudents.___6___arebothinYucaiMiddleSchool.LiLeiis___7___ClassFour,GradeTwo.Hissisterisn’tinthesamegrade.___8___they’reinthesameclass.LiLeilikes__9___books.Hecanrideahorseandplayfootball.LiJingcanplay__10___.ShelikeswatchingTVbest.Thisisahappyfamily.()1.A.of B.at C.in D.on()2.A.peoples B.people C.people’s D.peoples()3.A.He’s B.She C.He D.His()4.A.also B.either C./ D.too()5.A.with B.and C.but D.or()6.A.He B.She C.They D.There()7.A.at B.in C.of D.off()8.A.And B.Or C.But D.Are()9.A.riding B.reading C.read D.ride()10.A.thebasketballB.thepianoC.typeBLookatthepicture.Thisisourschool.Therearefivebuildingsinourschool.Therearethirty-twoclassroomintheTeachingBuilding.OurgymisbehindtheTeachingBuilding.Theteacher’sofficesareintheOfficeBuilding.OurlibraryBuildingisnexttotheOfficeBuilding.Therearemanybooksandmagazines(杂志)inthelibrary.IstheLibraryBuildingnexttotheScienceLabBuilding?---No,it’sinfrontofit.Therearesevenlabsinit.BehindtheScienceLabisthedininghall.Inthedininghalltherearemanytablesandchairs.Wehavemealsthere.Welcometoourschool.()1.Ourschoolhasgot___buildings.A.2B.3C.5D.8()2.TheTeachingBuildingis____thegym.behindB.inthefrontofC.infrontofD.nextto()3.TheLibraryBuildingis_____theOfficeBuilding.A.nexttoB.behindC.onD.infrontof()4.TheLibraryBuildingisinfrontof____.A.theTeachingBuildingB.thegymC.theScienceLabD.theOfficeBuilding()5.Thestudentshavemealsin____.A.thedininghallB.thelibraryC.thesciencelabD.theoffices参考答案一、1--5CBDCC6--10BCBAA二、1.cities2.His3.swimming4.American5.These6.building7.front8.favourite9.family10.Thank三、1--5ADCCB6--10CDDCD11--15DCDBD16--20BACCB四、CFGEHIADBJ五、1.Isor2.Arethereany3.haven'tanyor4.manyapples5.anunhealthy六、1.are2.What's3.drink4.like5.health6.from7.big8.He's9.What七、A)ABDDBCBCBBB)CCACA【综合能力训练】Ⅰ.单项选择。(

)1.HecametoChina

1998.A.from

B.since

C.at

D.in(

)2.—

didyoubuythenewbag?—LastMonday.A.Where

B.How

C.When

D.Who

(

)3.Mr.Yangistoo

togoonwalking.A.strong

B.tall

C.kind

D.tired

(

)4.

treesarecutdowneveryyear.A.Thousand

B.Thousandsof

C.Thousands

D.Thousandof

(

)5.Heslivedhere

1980.A.after

B.in

C.from

D.since

(

)6.—Canyouunderstandme?—Sorry,Ican

understandyou.A.hardly

B.almost

C.nearly

D.ever

(

)7.—

doesittakemetogofrommyschooltoyourschool?—Aboutfiveminutes.A.Howmany

B.Howfar

C.Howmuch

D.Howlong

(

)8.—Hello.MayIspeaktoJim,

please?—

,

please?A.WhoareyouB.Howishe

C.WhoisthatD.Whatareyou

(

)9.SheaskedmeifIknewwhosepen

.A.isit

B.itwas

C.itis

D.wasit

(

)10.Itscoldoutside.Youdbetter

yourcoat.A.puton

B.putaway

C.putback

D.putup

(

)11.—Ihavefinishedmyhomework.—When

you

it?A.have;finished

B.do;finishC.did;finish

D.will;finish

(

)12.—CanI

yourbike?

—Withpleasure.Butyoumustnt

ittoothers.A.lend;borrow

B.borrow;lendC.carry;lend

D.borrow;keep(

)13.

ofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.A.Every

B.Each

C.Both

D.All

(

)14.It

meabouttenminutestogotoschoolbybikeeveryday.A.pays

B.spends

C.costs

D.takes

(

)l5.Donttellanybodyaboutit.Keepit

youandme.A.among

B.between

C.in

D.with

(

)16.I’dliketo

thewordinFrench.A.say

B.speak

C.tell

D.talk

(

)17.AstrongwindwillarriveinHarbin.Itwill

muchrain.A.bring

B.take

C.carry

D.get

(

)18.Its

abeautifulstamp.A.quite

B.too

C.very

D.so(

)19.Hedoesntknow

Englishbecausehehasstudieditforonly__________weeks.A.much;afewB.little;fewC.few;littleD.afew;alittle(

)20.Itsabout

walkfrommyhome.A.tenminute

B.tenminutesC.tenminutes

D.ten-minutes(

)21.—Isthisyoursock?—Yes,

itis.Butwhereis

?A.theothers

B.theotherone

C.others

D.otherone

(

)22.Theradioistoonoisy.Wouldyouplease

alittle?A.turnitoffB.turnitdown

C.stopitfromD.pickitup(

)23.Thewomanhadtodothefarmworkherself,

?A.didshe

B.didn’tshe

C.hadshe

D.wasn’tshe

(

)24.Hehas

forabouttwelveyears.A.boughtthehouse

B.lefthereC.livedhere

D.gonethere

(

)25.I’dlikesomewater,buthewants

.A.twobottleorange

B.twobottlesoforangeC.twobottleoranges

D.twobottlesoforanges

(

)26.Mikeislearning

acomputer.A.howcanheuse

B.howtouseC.howheuse

D.howtousing

(

)27.Youarejust

forthegame.Pleasecomeandjoinus.A.intime

B.ontime

C.attimes

D.atthetime

(

)28.Whowillteach

Englishnextterm?A.ourselves

B.us

C.our

D.ours

(

)29.Everythingis

lighteronthemoonthanontheearth.A.so

B.more

C.much

D.very

(

)30.—

doyougotoseeyourparents?—Onceaweek.A.Howoften

B.Howlong

C.Howsoon

D.When

参考答案【综合能力训练】Ⅰ.1—5DCDBD

6—10ADCBA

11—15CBBDB

16—20AAAAB

21—25BBBCB

26—30BABCA

Module1collect收集collection收集tidy收拾,整理干净的tidyup收拾doll娃娃fan扇子;狂热爱好者stamp邮票untidy不整洁的,零乱的least最少的;最小的takeup占用allthetime一直,总是(be)interview对......感兴趣interview采访,会见wow噢as作为;如同mountainbiking山地自行车运动volleyball排球sailing驾驶帆船creative有创造力的lazy懒惰的useful有用的develop发展,发达,进步skill技能,技巧camp营地,野营;帐篷露营,野营aswellas并且,还activity活动;行动suchas比如workshop讨论会professional职业的,专业的imagine想象,设想senior高中teenag十几岁(13へ19岁)的teenager十几岁的青少年comeout出版result结果,效果asaresult结果enjoyment快乐,享受success成功,胜利should应该;将要Module2friendship友谊,友好hold(held,held)拿,举,持,拥有holdtheline(不挂断电话)等一下rightnow现在if是否;如果whether是否whether...ornot是否personal个人的,私人的classmate同班同学infact事实上public公共的,公众的relation几个;两个acouple亲戚close亲近的;近的关foreigner外国人feellike觉得bytheway随便说gift礼物,赠品junior初中faraway遥远的lonely孤单的afraid害怕的(be)afraidtodo害怕做......makefriends(with)和......交朋友anyone任何人laugh大笑笑,笑声worry担心,焦虑,苦恼worryabout担心usual通常的,平常的atthatmoment在那时pass通过,经过;传递touch触摸,碰bright明亮的daybyday一天天地matter有关系,要紧事件,问题believe认为;相信atfirst开始Module3lookout(for)小心winv.(won,won)赢,获胜newsreadern.新闻播报员reportv.报道/n.报道reportern.新闻记者scoren.成绩;分数/v.得分everybodypron.每个人mentionv.提及Don'tmentionit.不客气。preparev.准备goaln.(进球)得分hate/heit/v.&n.憎恨sshint.嘘lookdown向下看explain/ik'splein/v.解释,说明voicen.声音seem/si:m/v.看起来,似乎askfor要……listenern.收听者,听众closedown停止播音;关闭weekly/'wi:kli/adj.每周的n.周刊article/'a:tikl/n.(报纸上的)文章microphonen.麦克风glass/gla:s/n.玻璃;玻璃杯sound/saund/n.声音/v.听起来checkn.&v.检查MODULE41、pressv.按2、buttonn.按钮,纽扣3、instructionn.介绍4、videon.录像5、videocamera录像机6、copyv.复制n.备份,一本7、memoryn.内存,记忆8、turnon打开9、Irish爱尔兰的10、lend借出11、second第二;秒12、playbackn.录音重放13、comeon赶快14、lady女士15、gentleman先生16、bite(bit,bitten)咬17、saveone'slife挽救某人生命18、dish盘子,(一道)菜19、appearv.出现20、hidev.(hid,hidden)隐藏21、cooladj.凉爽的,冷静的22、chestn.胸膛23、hurtv.(hurt,hurt)刺痛,伤害24、wrongadj.失常的,错误的25、medicine药物26、suggestv.建议,提出27、turnoff关上28、textn.课文,文本v.输入文字信息29、mobycard手机电子贺卡MODULE51、changcen.机会2、ableadj.能够3、beableto能,会4、beat(beat,beaten)打,打败5、shamen.惋惜,遗憾的事;羞耻6、pityn.憾事7、refusev.拒绝,谢绝8、warnv.警告,注意9、alltogether一起10、solon.独奏11、attheendof在…结束时12、ratheradv.宁愿,宁可13、finaladj.最后的,最终的14、practicen.练习15、punishv.惩罚,处罚16、suchadj.如此,这样17、examn.考试,测验18、truthn.事实;真理19、provev.证明,证实20、honestadj.诚实的,正直的21、ontoprep.到……之上22、takeoff卸掉,拿走,拔23、terribleadj.极坏的,可怕的24、atleast至少25、pocketmoney零用钱26、afterall不管怎么样,毕竟27、helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事28、realisev.了解,认识到,明白29、virusn.病毒30、mendv.修理,改良31、hurryup赶快32、dishonest不诚实的33、shelfn.架子,搁板34、steal(stole,stolen)偷RevisionmoduleA1、keyn.钥匙2、energeticadj.精力充沛的3、unpaidadj.不收报酬的,未付款的4、airn.(无线电、电视的)广播5、paidadj.付钱的module6among在......之中awake醒着的sleepy困乏的,欲睡的too太,过于;也worried烦恼的,焦虑的fight(fought,fought)与......打仗;打架;打击打,打架pirate海盗sail航行ship船tonight今晚act表演;扮演;行动character角色;性格believable可信的lost丢失的;迷路的face脸facetoface面对面的action动作;行动fighting战斗,打斗play扮演;玩;踢,打,弹......scene场景romantic浪漫的funny有趣的,好笑的although虽然,尽管opinion意见,观点,主张inone’sopinion以某人的观点,某人看来except除了......以外advise建议;劝告ourselves我们自己comment评论,意见plenty富足;充足plentyof许多winner获胜者,赢家MODULE71、offadj.&adv不工作,休息,离开2、hardlyadv.几乎不3、traffic交通4、crossv.通过5、wholeadj.所有的,完整的6、phonev.打电话n.电话7、myselfpron.我自己8、rockn.岩石,石头9、soldiern.士兵10、arean.范围,地区11、wakev.(woke,woken)叫醒,醒来12、wakeup叫醒……13、tentn.帐篷14、cablecar缆车15、viewn.景色,风景16、topn.顶端17、pathn.小路18、waterfall瀑布19、plant植物20、pullv.拉,拖,拔MODULE81、celebratev.庆祝2、labourn.劳动3、seasonn.季节4、vacationn.假期5、whileconj.当…的时候6、LabourDay劳动节7、assoonas一…就…8、endingn.结局9、beginningn.开始10、allover遍布11、dependon依据12、countdown倒数13、gettogether聚会14、resolutionn.决心,决定15、listn.名单,目录16、alistof一列,一栏17、helpout帮…克服困难18、promisev.保证19、zero零20、Mother'sDay母亲节MODULE91、sothat目的是2、avoidv.避免3、braveadj.勇敢的4、excusen.借口v.原谅5、thoughtn.想法6、onone'sown独自7、comeup出现,发生8、rewritev.(rewrote,rewritten)重写9、betv.(bet,bet)打赌10、armyn.军队11、Canada加拿大12、Canadiann.加拿大人adj.加拿大的13、medicaladj.医学的14、treatv.治疗15、treatmentn.治疗16、Dr(=doctor)医生,博士17、giveone'slifeto献身于18、frontn.前线19、injured受伤的20、war战争21、FirstWorldWar第一次世界大战22、inventv.发明,创造23、tooln.工具24、localadj.地方的,当地的25、operatev.动手术26、operationn.手术27、inspiteof尽管…28、intheend最后29、takecareof照顾MODULE101、perfectadj.完美的,理想的2、boardv.登(机,船等)3、flightn.航班,飞行,航程4、gaten.登机门,门5、sillyadj.傻里傻气的6、outdooradj.户外的7、so...that...如此…以致…8、business商业,生意9、emptyadj.空的10、stomachn.胃11、burnv.(burned,burned)燃烧12、enoughadj.足够的13、everything每件事物,一切14、collegen.大学,学院15、gotocollege上大学16、livingadj.生活的17、simpleadj.简单的18、properlyadv.适当地19、not..atall一点也不…20、seeoff送别…21、managev.设法做到RevisionmoduleB1、alarmn.闹钟2、ringv.(rang,rung)响,鸣,打电话3、topicn.话题,主题4、introductionn.介绍,入门5、blongto属于6、recruitv.招收,招募7、sharev.分享,共有8、extentn.程度,范围9、tosomeextent从某种程度来讲十二.短语动词和句型【名师点睛】短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语动词,把他们加以归纳总结,进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。1.短语动词的分类(1)动词+介词常见的有lookfor,lookafter,askfor,laughat,hearof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:Don’tlaughatothers.Tomaskedhisparentsforabike.(2)动词+副词常见的有giveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:You’llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedon’tforgettohanditin.(3)动词+副词+介词常见的有goonwith,catchupwith等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:GoonandI’llcatchupwithyouinfiveminutes.Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.(4)动词+名词+介词常见的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.(5)动词+形容词常见的有leaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.(6)动词+名词常见的有takeplace,makefriends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.2.短语动词的辨析(1)bemadein(在……生产或制造),bemadeof(由……组成或构成)(2)comedown(下来;落),comealong(来;随同),cometooneself(苏醒),cometrue(实现),comeout(花开;发芽;出现;出来),comeover(过来;顺便来访),comein(进来),comeon(来吧;跟着来;赶快),comeupwith(找到;提出)(3)doone’sbest(尽最大努力),dowellin(在……干得好),doone’shomework(做作业),dosomereading(阅读)(4)fallasleep(入睡),fallbehind(落在…..后面),falloff(从……掉下),falldown(到下;跌倒)(5)getdown(下来;落下),geton(上车),getto(到达),getup(起床),getback(回来;取回),getoff(下来),getonwellwith(与……相处融洽),getmarried(结婚),gettogether(相聚)(6)giveup(放弃),give…ahand(给与……帮助),giveaconcert(开音乐会)(7)goback(回去),goon(继续),gohome(回家),gotobed(睡觉),goover(过一遍;仔细检查),goout(外出;到外面),gowrong(走错路),goondoing(继续做某事),goshopping(买东西),goboating(去划船),gofishing(去钓鱼),gohiking(去徒步旅行),goskating(去滑冰),gostraightalong(沿着……一直往前走)(8)havealook(看一看),haveaseat(坐下),havesupper(吃晚餐),havearest(休息),havesports(进行体育活动),haveacold(感冒),haveacough(咳嗽),haveagoodtime(过得愉快),haveaheadache(头痛),haveatry(尝试;努力)(9)lookfor(寻找),lookout(留神;注意),lookover(仔细检查),lookup(向上看;抬头看),lookafter(照顾;照看),lookat(看;观看),looklike(看起来像),lookthesame(看起来像),(10)makefriends(交朋友),makephonecalls(打电话),makemoney(赚钱),makethebed(整理床铺),makeanoise(吵闹),makeafaces(做鬼脸),makeone’swayto(往……走去),makeroomfor(给……腾出地方),makeadecision(做出决定),makeamistake(犯错误),makeupone’smind(下决心)(11)puton(上演;穿上;戴上),putup(挂起;举起),putdown(把某物放下来),putaway(把某物收起来),putoff(推迟)(12)takeoff(脱掉衣服),takephotos(照相),taketime(花费时间),takeout(取出),takeaseat(坐下),takeanactivepartin(积极参加),takecareof(照顾;照料;注意),takeexercise(做运动),takeone’splace(坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务),taketurn(轮流)(13)talkabout(谈话;交谈),talkwith(和……交谈)(14)turnon(打开电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turnoff(关上电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turndown(关小;调低),turn…over(把…..翻过来)(15)thinkof(认为;想起),thinkabout(考虑)3.句子的基本句型结构根据句子所用动词的不同,句子可归纳为五个基本句型。(1)主语+连系动词+表语。例如:Mymotherisadoctor.Hervoicesoundsnice.(2)主语+不及物动词。例如:Herunsfast.Westudyhard.(3)主语+及物动词+宾语。例如:Childrenoftensingthissong.HestudiesEnglish.1)常用-ing形式,而不用不定式作宾语的动词有:enjoy,finish,feellike,consider,practise,keep,suggest,mind等。例如:Sheenjoysreadingnovelsandswimming.Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.2)常用不定式,而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有:wish,hope,agree,plan,decide,refuse等。例如:Wheredowishtosit?Tomagreedtolendsomemoney.3)有些及物动词既可用不定式,由可用-ing形式作宾语,但意义不同。这类动词常见的有:remember,forget等。例如:Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.请记住替我发了这封信。Irememberpostingtheletter.我记得那封信寄过了。Stop的用法同上面的词相仿,不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语,而是作状语。试比较下列句子:Hestoppedtosmoke.他停下来吸烟。Hestoppedsmoking.他停止吸烟了。4)有些及物动词的宾语,既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式,意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有:like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。例如:Iliketoswiminsummer.Ilikeswimminginsummer.(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。例如:Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Hegavemeanapple.1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物。指人的为间接宾语,Pleasepassmeacupoftea.=Pleasepassacupofteatome.Showmeyournewbook,please.=Pleaseshowyournewbooktome.2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾前有时加介词to,有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give,tell,sell,lend,show之后加to。在动词buy,make,get等之后加for。例如:Wouldyoulendmeyourdictionary,please?=Wouldyoulendyourdictionarytome,please?Tom’smotherboughthimapairofnewshoes.=Tom’smotherboughtapairofnewshoesforhim.(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如:Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Ihearsomeonesinginginthenextroom.1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语,一个是宾语,一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:WecallhimJack.Don’tgetyourhandsdirty.2)在及物动词之后,用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程;用-ing形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如:Iheardhimsingthatsong.(我听他唱过那首歌。)WhenIcameback,Iheardhimsingingintheroom.(我回来时,听见他正在房间里唱歌。)3)在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,listento,lookat使役动词let,make,have等的复合宾语种,不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时,省去的to要加上。例如:Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseentogointotheroom.4.初中阶段主要句型的用法。1.It'stimeto(for)....表“时间到了;该干…的时间了”之意。It'stimetogohome.It'stimeforschool.注意:to的后面接动词短语,而for的后面接名词。2.It'sbad(good)for...表示“对…有害(有益)的”含义。Pleasedon'tsmoke.It'sbadforyourhealth.Pleasetakemoreexercise.It'sgoodforyourhealth.3.belatefor(school)是“上学(迟到)”之意。for后面还可以接meeting或class。Hewaslateforschoolthismorning.Don'tbelateforclass,please.4.hadbetterdo/notdosth.表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。Youhadbetterputonthecoatwhenyougoout.It'scoldoutside.Wehadbetterstoptohavearest.注意:用hadbetter时,后面一定要直接跟动词原形,决不能加todosth.否定一定用在第二个动词之前,是动词不定式的否定式。5.be(feel)afraidof...表示“恐怕”,“害怕…”之意。Heisafraidofsnakes.Maryfeelsafraidofgoingoutalone.6.enjoydoingsth.是“喜欢(爱好)做某事”之意,doing是动名词作动词enjoy的宾语。enjoy有欣赏之意。AreyouenjoylivinginBeijing?Doyouenjoylisteningtomusic?7.stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来做某事It'stimeforclass.Stoptalking,please.Whenshesawme,shestoppedtotalkwithme.8.Let(make)sb.do让(使)某人做某事。Let'sgotoschool.Fathermadehissoncleantheroomagain.注意:当makesb.dosth.用于被动语态时,第二个动词前面就一定要加to了。如:Hissonwasmadetocleantheroomagain.hewasmadetoworktwelvehoursadayinthepast.9.liketodo/likedoingsth.是“喜欢做某事”之意。liketodosth.是表示比较具体的喜欢做某事;likedoingsth.是表示宠统的喜欢做某事。如:Iliketoswimintheswimmingpool.我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。(喜欢的具体的地方游泳)Ilikeswimming.我喜欢游泳(只讲喜欢这项运动)10.ask(tell)sb.todo.(nottodo)sth.请(让)某人(不)做某事Jimaskedhismothertohelphimwithhislessons.Whendidyoutellhimnottoshoutloudly?11.give(lend)sb.sth.=give(lend)sth.tosb.给(借给)某人某物Mikegavemeanewpairofstockings.Pleaselendusyourcar.12.bebusydoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”之意。Thestudentsarebusygettingreadyfortheexams.IsMrsBlackbusywashingclothes?13.too...to...表示“太…以致不能…”的含义。Sh

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