人教版必修一英语Unit1

FriendshipUnit111.add:

addsth.up/addupsth.加起来

add…to…把…加到…

addupto总共，总计

addto…增加，增添eg.Addyourscores

upandwe’llseewhowin.

Addsomemilkandsugartocoffeebeforedrinkingit.

Hiswholeschooleducationaddeduptonomorethantenyears.Thebadweatheraddedtoourdifficulties.

2

2.upset

adj.upset=unhappy;feelinguncomfortable心烦意乱的

Yourfriendcomestoschoolvery

upset.Jameswasupset

becausehehadlosthisticket.

vt.upset=makesb.Unhappy，(使)烦恼(upset–upset–upset–upsetting)Theresultupsetme.

33.ignorev.不理睬，忽略+n./pron.

e.g.Heignoredmyadvice.

Ismiledatherbutshejustignoredme.ignorancen.无知ignorantadj.无知的，不知道的beignorantof/aboutsth.对某人/某物不知道Shewasignorantofconditionsatthelowerlevelsatthattime.4.calm…down/calmdown冷静下来/平静下来e.g.Haveaglassofbrandy—itwillhelptocalmyoudown.Calmdown!Lily.4Youhavetogonow.Youhavegottogonow.1.你得走了。结论：肯定句中二者意思和用法完全相同。都含有“It’sadutytodosomething.”的意思。5.havegotto=haveto不得不(表示客观的需要)否定式：haven’tgotto(do)don’thaveto(do)must“必须”(主观上的必要)否定式:needn’t53.你得走了吗？2.你不必走。Youdon’thavetogonow.Youhaven’tgottogonow.Doyouhavetogonow?Haveyougottogonow?

在否定句和疑问句中，haveto需要加上助动词来构成；而havegotto则直接在have后加not或把have提前来构成。

6We______________________hersafety.areconcernedabout/for6.concern:

Theseproblemsconcernall.Theexpertsareconcernedaboutthegrowthintheworld’spopulation.100peopleareconcernedwiththeproblem.beconcernedabout/for

sb./sth.使担忧；使烦恼

=beworriedaboutsb./sth.beconcernedwith…与…有关concernsth./sb.

涉及到，与……有关系77.crazyadj.疯狂的，愚蠢的，狂热的becrazytodosth.(某人做某事是疯狂的)Heiscrazytodolikethat.becrazyon/aboutdoingsth.对做某事十分狂热Heiscrazyonsinging.becrazyforsth.渴望某物Heiscrazyformusic.becrazyforsb.迷恋某人HeiscrazyforLily.88.gothrough

①经历，遭受（hardships,difficulties…）Whenhewasachild,hewentthroughtoomanyhardships.②仔细检查I

went

through

my

homework

to

make

sure

Ididn’tmakeanymistakes.．③通过Thenewlawdidnotgothrough.新法案未能通过.Thepolicewentthroughthepocketsofthesuspectedthief.Hewentthroughahardtimewhilehiswifewassick.9Heworkedhardinorder/soas

topassthemathsexam.Weleftearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.=Weleftearlyinorderthat/sothat

wecouldcatchthefirstbus.9.inordertodo…=soastodo…

但soasto不能放在句首inorderthat=sothatInorderto

passtheexam,heworkedhard.Lisaandherparentswenttotheparkinordertohaveapicnic.1010.pointn.点，论点，观点，v.指示，指着，对着pointat/tosb./sth.指着某人或某物的方向(当非善意地用手指某人时，用at,用语言指出时用to,当表示指针指向，证据表明，建筑物的朝向时，用to)pointout指出Hepointedoutmydisadvantagesstrictly.beonthepointofdoingsth正要做某事Tomisonthepointofdoinghishomework.thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.没有必要(意义)做某事Thereisnopointinbuyinganewbike.1111.facetoface

adv.面对面地(在句中作方式状语)face-to-faceadj.面对面的(作定语)类似的还有hearttoheart坦诚地shouldertoshoulder肩并肩地backtoback背对背地3)Shestoodfacetoface(面对面地)withhim.4)Thatnighttheytalkedhearttoheart

(坦诚地)witheachother.1)Hisbossistalkingtohimfacetoface.2)Hisbossishavingaface-to-facetalkwithhim.1212.nolonger/not...anylonger不再...(着重表示时间的不再延续，意为"如今不再"。)I'mnolongereightyearsold.=I'mnoteightyearsoldanylonger.nomore着重表示数量或程度的减少，意为"再也没有更多（大）的数量（程度）"。nomore等于not...anymoreYoucandrinknomore.=Youcan'tdrinkanymore1313.settle['setl]vt.解决;安排;使定居;Icansetletheproblem.Hesettlehischildinthecornerofthecompany.Theirancestrysettledthelandin1856.他们的祖辈1856年在这块土地上定居下来。vi.下沉;定居;

n.高背长靠椅;settlein(+地点)迁入某地方settledown(settlesbdown,settledownsb,)定居，安定下来settlesb.down使某人安静﹑安心、静心的意思。Theyfinallysettleddown.WesettledinBeijinglastyear.HowcanIsettleyoudown.1414.suffer:1.做不及物动词，不加宾语，译为受苦。Shesufferedgreatlyasachild.她童年深受苦难。2.做及物动词，译为忍受，经历(后常跟pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/punishment/hardship/damage等)。Hecouldnotsuffercriticism.他不能忍受别人批评他。sufferfrom：1.患(某种病);受(某种病痛)折磨Youmusthavesufferedfromacold.你一定是感冒了。2.因…而受罚〔苦,损〕SometimesIstillsufferfromtheseweaknesses.有时我还是在吃这些弱点的苦头。1515.be/gettiredof

厌倦，不耐烦Hewastiredofrunningerrandsforhissister.他已厌烦给姐姐当跑腿了。be/gettiredfrom因...而劳累Hewastiredfromwork.1616.geton/along(well/nicely/badly/)withsth.进展

geton/along(well/nicely/badly)

withsb.

与某人相处1)HeaskedmehowIwasgettingalong/onwithmyEnglish(我的英语进展如何).2)Hecouldnotgetalongwithanybody.3)Sheisgettingalongwithherstudiesbetterthisterm.4)Johnisgettingalongwellwithhiscolleagues.17.fallinlove(withsb.)“爱上某人”,表动作

beinlove(withsb.)“与某人相爱”,表状态1)MarryhasbeeninlovewithBillforthreeyears.1718.(1)加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，用joinHewillneverforgetthedaywhenhejoinedtheParty(2)说参加某种活动用joinin，如说“与其人一起做某事”，则用joinsb.insth./doingsth.。如:MayIjoininthegame?我可以参加这个游戏吗？Comeandjoinusinthediscussion.来和我们一起讨论吧！18(3)takepartin参加(群众性活动、会议等)，往往指参加者持积极态度．起一份作用。如：AgreatnumberofstudentstookpartinMay4Movement.大批学生参加了五四运动。(4)attend(正式用语/书面用语)出席,参加;上(学,教堂)attendameeting[lecture]出席会议[听演讲,听课]attendawedding[afuneral]参加婚礼[葬礼]attendschool[church]上学[教堂]19Unit1Friendship20Unit1Friendship21

★Doyouhavefriends?Canyoudescribethepersonalities

ofthem?Questions:22BrainstormingWhat

qualities(品质)

shouldagoodfriendhave?23BrainstormingWhatqualitiesshouldagoodfriendhave?bravehonestresponsiblegeneroushumoroushelpfulpatientkindhearteddiligentopen-mindedconsiderateselfless24★Doyouthinkfriendshipisimportantinyourlife?Whydoyouthinkso?25Playinghappilytogether26Sharingjoysorsadnesswitheachother27Gettinghelpfromeachother28Cooperatingandimprovingtogether29Learningfromeachotherandcompetingwitheachother30

cheat

v.欺骗;骗取;作弊

cheatsb.(out)ofsth.骗取某人的某物

odoing…骗某人做…

cheatat/in…作弊;作假Itwasfoolishofhimtobecheatedofhismoney.(被骗了钱)Hewascheatedintosmoking.(吸烟）Itiswrongtocheatat/inanexamination.(考试作弊）31Let'sfindoutwhowasAnne'sbestfriend.Anewfriend---AnneShehasagoodfriend.Whoisit?32Background:

WorldWarII1939.9.1到1945.9.2

WorldWarI1914.6.28到1918.11.11

InNaziGermany,JewswererequiredtowearayellowstarofDavid(戴维黄星)ontheirclothing.JewsbeingroundedupbyNazisoldiersandforcedtoleavehome.33AmassgraveTheremainsofJews（幸存者）Victimsofthegaschambers（毒气室）TheHolocaust

（大屠杀）34PolishJewsontheirwaytoaNazideathcampJewsinaconcentrationcamp（集中营）35AftertheGermaninvasion(侵略)of1940,Annewasforcedtoleaveherschool.Almostrightaway,theGestapo(盖世太保)begantosendthousandsofDutchresisters(反抗者)toslavelabourcampsinGermany.TheninFebruary1941theGestapobegantoarrestJews.ItwasatthismomentthatOttoFrankmadeplanstohidehisfamily.TheymovedtoAmsterdam,NetherlandsBackgroundInformation36Anne’sfather:

OttoFrankAnne’smother:Mrs.FrankAnneFrankAnne’soldersister:MargotPeter,wholivedwiththeFranksintheattic.37安妮·弗兰克的《安妮日记》后被译成55种文字，它的文学价值得到了世界各国读者的认同，并被改编成电影和话剧。安妮在自己生日那天收到了一份礼物——一本日记本，并将其化名为Kitty，以书信的形式记日记。从日记的内容我们可以知道，安妮与朋友相处融合，是一个很普通的女孩子，日记上还记录着她在过着隐秘生活时与彼得得以接近，并喜欢上彼得的过程，以及她对战争的看法，从侧面表现出安妮的成熟与乐观。终于，不幸的事情发生了，他们被盖世太保们发现，被分散收容了。安妮于1945年3月在纳粹集中营永远地闭上了眼睛。38TheplaceofthestoryTheheroine’s（女主人公）fullnameHerbestfriendThelengthoftimeherfamilyhidawayThetimetheystartedtohideFillintheformbelow:NetherlandsAnneFrank

herdiary--KittyovertwoyearsFastreadingScanningJuly194239

1.madeherdiaryherbestfriend

make+宾语+宾补Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.TherecoveryofLiuXiangmadehisfanshappy.makeaneffort/everyeffort/effortstodosth.=trytodosth.努力,尽力Pleasemakeanefforttocomeearly(早到).Iwillmakeeveryeffort(尽力)tohelpyou.40

2.Iwonderif

it’s

becauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolong

that

I’ve

grownsocrazyabout

everythingtodowith

nature.

Ⅲ.句型

Iwonderif…我想知道是否…强调句型:Itis/was+强调部分+that/who+原句中的其它部分everything/something/anything/nothingtodowith与…有(无)关的事物

1)

Hisjobissomethingtodowithpainting.2)Whatyouaredoingisnothingtodowithstudy.41

3.Itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthat

I’dseenthenightfacetoface.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。

1)ItisthatLiuXianghaswonthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.=LiuXianghaswonthegoldmedalintheOlympicGamesforthefirsttime.Itis

thefirsttime/second…timethat+主语+have/hasdoneItwas

thefirsttime/second…timethat+主语+haddone

某人第几次做某事.这也是强调句型。424.dowith

1)与….有关Hejobistodowithcomputers.2)处理，对付Themanisdifficulttodowith/dealwith.Havesomethingtodowithsth./sb.Havenothingtodowithsth./sb.Havealottodowithsth./sb.与…有些关系与…没有关系与….有很大关系Idon’tknowhowtheydealwiththeproblem.=Idon‘tknowwhattheydowiththeproblem.dowith常与连接代词what连用，而dealwith常与连接副词how连用43

5.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.(Para.1,L3)

Therewasatimewhen＋定语从句“有一段时间……”2)Therewasatimewhentheyhadtohideaway

ortheywouldbecaughtbytheNazis.1)TherewasatimewhenAnnedidn’tdare(to)lookatnaturefacetoface.44

6.

keepsb./sth.+a./ad./doing/done使……保持某种状态I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting(wait)forsolong.Wewillkeepyouinformed(inform).

stay、keep系动词,意为“保持”,表示状态,后多跟形容词或名词,不用于被动语态和进行时。

7.stayawakeonpurpose（para.2,L1）

stay可以作系动词来用，相当于be,后接形容词或名词Theweatherstayedhotallweek.Theystayedfriendsforyears.Theshopstaysopen(一直营业)twentyfourhoursaday.

onpurpose有意地，故意地Shebrokethecuponpurpose.45

8.far常与too或形容词连用,意思是”相当地,…得多”ThisquestionisfarmoredifficultthanIthought.It'sfartoolongforme.那段路对我来说太漫长了。

toomuch+不可数名词太多的…

muchtoo+形容词/副词实在太…Hehastoomuchmoney.Thequestionismuchtooeasy.Themoongavefartoomuchlighttoomany+可数名词复数太多的

46

9.happentodosth.碰巧做某事Karlhappenedtonoticeherwhileshewasstrugglinginthewater.=IthappenedthatKarlnoticedherwhileshewasstrugglinginthewater.Hehappenedto

besleepingwhenIcamein.Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.47hanging主动表示被动

10.Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshanging

beforeverydustywindows.

=whicharehanging…=whichhang…1)Apicturehangs/ishangingonthewall.

Onthewallhangs/ishangingapicture.

ThepicturewashungbyTom.before=infrontof在…前面48It是形式主语11.Itisnopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.1)Itisnousetalkingwithhim.2)Itisnogoodcomplainingabouteverything.Itisnouse/good+doingsth.做…无用/没好处lookthrough仔细查看,温习lookat朝…看观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。真正主语49advicen.劝告,忠告；give/offersb.someadvice(on…)(就…)给某人提建议follow/takeone’sadvice接受某人的建议asksb.foradvice(=askadviceofsb.)

advisev.建议,劝告advisesb.todosth.advisedoingsth.advisethatsb.(should)dosth.

advisesb.ofsth.把某事报告[通知]某人.advisewithsb.on/aboutsth.同某人商量某事,就某事请教某人.1.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor___abouthishearttrouble.A.anadviceB.adviceC.advicesD.theadvicesC50before…才…

1)Ihadwaitedforhimfortwohoursbeforehecame.Itwillbe+时间段+before…得过多久才…

Itwillnotbe+时间段+before…用不了多久就…

Itwas+时间段+before…过了多久之后才……

Itwasn’tlongbefore…没过多久就……1)Itwillbethreeyearsbeforewemeetagain.(才见面)2)Itwasnotlong(没过多久）beforewegottogether.2)Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty-fivemonths

before

theywerediscovered.3)Ididn’tgodownstairsuntil

thewindowhadtobeshut.51FastreadingReadthediaryquicklytofindoutthemainideaofthediary.Anneexpressed

_______________________afterhidingforalongtime.______________________keptAnnespellbound.SkimmingherfeelingsaboutnatureEverythingaboutnature52CarefulreadingAnne’sfeelingsasshewaslookingoutatthenightskyeager渴望的

excited兴奋的anxious忧虑的sadlonelyearnest认真的crazycalmfrightened恐惧的53FastreadingJointhecorrectpartsofthesentences.AnnekeptadiarybecauseShefeltverylonelybecauseTheyhavetohidebecauseAnnenamedherdiaryKittybecauseshecouldn’tmeetherfriends.JewswerecaughtbyNazisandputaway.shecouldtelleverythingtoit.shewantedittobeherbestfriend.

54ISBExercises1)_______2)_______3)_______________4)_______5)_______notinsideabuildingfeelingdisturbedtobeworriedaboutfree,nottieduptoexperiencesomethingoutdoorsupsetbeconcernedaboutloosegothrough6)_______7)_______8)_______9)_______10)_______totakenonoticeofstayingclosetoandlookingatsomebodytobecomequietafternervousactivitypieceofmaterialhungtocoverawindownumberofthingsthathappenoneafteranotherignorefacetofacecalmdowncurtainseries55

Anne’ssister,Margotwasvery________thatthefamilyhadtomove.However,sheknewthatshehadgotto__________allthedifficultieswithherfamily.Shefounditdifficultgosettleand__________inthehidingplace,becauseshewas_________________whethertheywouldbediscovered.Shesufferedfromloneliness,butshehadtolearntolikeitthere.upsetgothroughconcernedaboutcalmdown2.Completethispassagewithsomeofthewordsandphrasesabove.SBExercises56Whatshereallymissedwasgoing________andwalkingthedogforherneighbour.Itwassuchfuntowatchitrun____inthepark.Shewishedshecouldtellherneighbour__________thatshewassorrynottobeabletodoitanylonger,butsheknewthatwastoodangerous!looseoutdoorsfacetofaceSBExercises573.Completethefollowingsentencesusingwordsandexpressionsfromthetext.1)Whenthemansawthecaraccidentonthehighway,hestopped__________offerhelp.2)“HowcanLindarecoverfromherillnessinthisroomwhenit’ssodirtyand______?Itwillonlymakeherworse,”saidthedoctor.3)AfterPeterdied,George__________thestoryoftheirfriendshipinabook.inordertodustysetdownSBExercises584)Whenthestreetlightsgoon________,theymakeabeautifulpicture,sodifferentfromthedaytime.5)Goodfriendsdonot_____________whattheydoforeachother;insteadtheyofferhelpwhenitisneeded.6)AlthoughTimandMikecomefrom__________differentbackgrounds,theybecameclosefriends.atduskaddupentirelySBExercises59直接引语和间接引语60Hesaid,“It’stimeforlunch.”“Ilikeapples,”Tomsaid.Jacksaid,“Mikecanswim.”我们把引号中的句子叫做直接引语，引号的动词叫引述动词。如何把直接引语变为间接引语呢？如上句可以变为：Hesaid(that)itwastimeforlunch.Tomsaidhelikedapples.JacksaidMikecouldswim直接引语变为间接引语有下列一些注意事项：１、时态的变化。2、人称的变化。３谓语动词的变化。４引导词的运用。５、其他变化。61注意事项1、人称的变化1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”——>Hesaidthathewasverysorry.他说他很抱歉。2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.—>MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.我父亲告诉我下次应该更加细心。3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”—>Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.她对她儿子说那晚要检查他的作业。62２、谓语动词时态的变化如果引述动词为一般过去时，间接引语中动词的时态一般推移到过去时间，如：一般现在时→一般过去时。现在进行时→过去进行时。一般将来时→过去将来时。现在完成时态→过去完成时态，当直接引语表示客观真理时，原来的时态不变。直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律一般是：Shesaid：“Iamyourmother'sfriend.”她说：“我是你妈妈的朋友。”→Shesaidthatshewasmymother'sfriend.她说她是我妈妈的朋友。(一般现在时变为一般过去时)Susansaidtohermother：“Iamreadingthisbook.”苏姗对她妈妈说：“我正在看这本书。”→Susantoldhermotherthatshewasreadingthatbook.苏姗告诉她母亲她正在看那本书。(现在进行时变为过去进行时)

Hesaid：“Wehavebuiltupthebridgeacrosstheriverhere.”他说：“我们已经在这里建成了横跨这条河的大桥。”→Hesaidthattheyhadbuiltupthatbridgeacrosstheriverthere.他说他们已经在那里建成了横跨那条河上的大桥。(现在完成时变为过去完成时)Shesaid：“Isawyourwifeyesterday.”她说：“我昨天见到你妻子了。”→Shesaidthatshehadseenmywifethedaybefore.她说她昨天(前一天)看见了我的妻子。(一般过去时变为过去完成时)63Lilysaid：“Ihadalreadyfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeschoolwasovertoday.”莉莉说：“我今天放学以前就把功课做完了。→Lilysaidthatshehadalreadyfinishedherhomeworkbeforeschoolwasoverthatday.莉莉说她那天在放学以前就把功课做完了。(过去完成时时态不变)。Hisfathersaid：“I'lltellyouafunnystory.”他爸爸说：“我要给你讲一个有意思的故事。”→Hisfathersaidthathewouldtellhimafunnystory.他爸爸说要给他讲一个有意思的故事。(一般将来时变为过去将来时)Susansaid：“I'llbewaitingforyouatmyhome.”苏姗说：“我将在家里等你。”→Susansaidthatshewouldbewaitingformeatherhome.苏姗说她将在她的家里等我。(将来进行时变为过去将来进行时)Theteachersaid：“Weshallhavefinishedthewholetextbookbytheendofthisterm.”老师说：“到本学期期末，我们要讲完这一册书的全部内容。”→Theteachersaidthattheywouldhavefinishedthewholetextbookbytheendofthatterm.老师说他们到那一学期期末要讲完这本书。(将来完成时变为过去将来完成时)

注意：①直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。Theteachersaid：“Alltheplanetsmoveroundthesun.”老师说：“所有的行星都是围绕太阳运转的。”→Theteachersaidthatalltheplanetsmoveroundthesun.老师说所有的行星都是围绕太阳运转的。64②直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体的过去时间状语连用时，间接引语仍然用一般过去时。Shesaid：“IwenttoEnglandin1998.”她说：“我一九九八年去了英国。”→ShesaidthatshewenttoEnglandin1998.她说她一九九八年去了英国。③主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候(谓语动词)，间接引语的时态不变。Hesays：“Iboughtyousomethingniceyesterday.”他说：“我昨天给你买了件好东西。→Hesaysthatheboughtmesomethingniceyesterday.他说他昨天给我买了件好东西。3、指示代词以及时间和地点状语的变化指示代词this---thatthese---those表示时间的词now---thentoday---t