初中数学名词中英文对照

初中数学英语名词positive['pɑz?t?v]number正数negative['n?g?t?v]number负数rational［'r???n!]number有理数numberaxis［’?ks?］数轴origin［'?r?d??n]原点opposite［'ɑp?z?t］number相反数absolute[’ɑp?z?t］value［'v?lju]绝对值power['pau?］乘方，幂basenumber底数exponent[?k’spon?nt］指数approximate[?’prɑks?m?t］number近似数significant[s?g’fn?k?nt]digit有效数字monomial［m?’nom??l]单项式coefficient[，ko?’f???nt]系数degreeofamonomial单项式的次数polynomial［，pɑl?'nom??l]多项式term[t?m］项constant［’kɑnst?nt]erm常数项degreeofapolynomial[，pɑl?'nom??l]多项式次数equation[’kɑnst?nt]方程integral[’?ntgr?l]expression[?k'spr???n]整式solution［s?’lu??n］解linear['l?n??］equation[?’kwe??n]withoneunknown一元一次方程net张开图geometric［d???’m?trk］figure[’gjf??]几何图形solid［’sɑl?d]figure[’gjf??］立体图形planefigure［'kɑnst?nt］平面图形solid['sɑl?d］体line线surface['s?f?s］面point点intersection[，?nt?’s?k??n]订交pointofintersection焦点center中点angle['??g!]角distance距离angular［’??gj?l?]dissector角均分线complementary［,kɑmpl?’m?nt?r?]angle余角degree度supplementary［,s?pl?’m?nt?ri］angle补角congruent［'kɑ?gru?nt]figures全等形symmetric［s?’m?tr?k］figure轴对称图形congruenttriangles['tra?,??g!］全等三角形axisofsymmetry［’s??trm?]对称轴symmetricpoints

对称点

radicand['r?d?,k?nd］被开方数perpendicular

[,p?p?n'd?kj?l?]bisector[ba?’kts??]垂直均分线

graph［gr?f］图象isosceles

[a?'sɑs！，iz］triangle

等腰三角形

variable['v?r??b!］变量equilateral［，ikw?’l?t?r?l］triangle等边三角形constant['kɑnst?nt］常量arithmetic［?'r?θm?t?k]square[skw?r]root算术平方根realnumber实数squareroot平方根/二次方根extraction[?k’str?k??n］ofsquareroot开平方cube［kjub］root立方根/三次方根extractionofcuberoot开立方radical［'r?d?k！]exponent[?k’spon?nt]根指数irrational[?’r???n！]number无理数function

[

’f??k??n]函数

independent

[,?nd?'p?nd?nt]variable

自变量proportional

［pr?'por??n！］

function

正比率函数

linear

['l?n??]function

一次函数formula

［’rmjf??l?］

forthedifferenceofsquares

平方差公式factoring

［’f?kt?]

因式分解

formulaforthesquareofthesum

完好平方公式common

［’kɑ

m?n]factor

［’f?kt?]公因式adjacent

［?'d?es?nt]anglesonastraight

[stret]

line

邻补角vertical

['v?t?k！]

angles

对顶角

perpendicular

［，p?p?n'd?kj?l?]

垂直corresponding

[，k?r?’

sp

ɑ

nd??］angles

同位角

perpendicularline

垂线alternate[’?ltn?t］interior［?n't?r??］angles内错角footofaperpendicular垂足interioranglesonthesameside同旁内角parallel［'p?r?，l?l］平行proposition[，prɑp?’z???n］命题theorem［’θr?mi?］定理translation[tr?ns'le??n]平移orderedpair有序数对rectangular[r?k’t??gj?l?］coordinate［ko’?rdnet]system［’st??m]平面直角坐标系x-axis['?ks?s]x轴y—axisy轴coordinate座标quadrant[’kwɑdr?nt］象限triangle三角形altitude［'?lt?,tjud]高median［’mid??n］中线bisector［ba?’kts??]ofangle角均分线polygon［'pɑl?,gɑ多n]边形diagonal[da?’?g?n!］对角线regular［'r?gj?l?]polygon正多边形linearequationoftwounknown二元一次方程systemoflinearequationoftwounknown二元一次方程组bargraph条形图substitution[，s?bst?'tju??n］method[’m?θ?d]代入法inequality［?n?’kwɑl?t?］不等式addition[?'d???n］-substitutionmethod加减法solution［s?’lu??n]set解集linearequality[i'kwɑl?t?］ofoneunknown二元一次不等式statistic［st?'t?st?k]统计学systemoflinearequalityofoneunknown二元一次不等式组piechart[t?ɑrt］扇形图sampling[’s?mpl??]survey抽样检查histogram［'h?st?,gr?m]直方图population[,pɑpj?’le??n］整体individual[，?nd?’dv?u?l］个体sample[’s?mp!]样本samplesize[sa?z］样本容量simplerandom［’r?nd?m］sampling['s?mpl??］简单随机抽样frequency［’frikw?ns?]distribution[，d?str?'bju??n］频数分布fractioninlowestterms最简分数reduction［r?'d?k??n]ofafraction约分changingfactionstoacommondenominator[d?’nɑm?,net?］通分fractionalequation分式方程fraction［'fr?k??n]分式inverse［?n'v?s］proportional[pr?'por??n!］function[’f??k??n］反比率函数hyperbola[ha?'p?b?l?］双曲线parallelogram[，p?r?’ll?,gr?m]平行四边形rectangle[r?k't??g!]矩形rhombus［'rɑmb?s］菱形square[skw?r］正方形trapezium［tr?'piz??m]梯形isosceles［a?’sɑ，iz]s!trapezium等腰梯形barycenter重心weighted['wet?d］average[’?v?rd?]加权平均数weight全median[’mid??n］中位数mode［mod］众数range[rend?］极差variance['v?r??ns]方差quadratic［kwɑd'r?t?kfunction二次函数similarfigures['f?gj?］相似图形similarpolygons［'pɑl?，gɑnz]相似多边形proportionalsegments['s?gm?nt]比率函数homotheticfigures位似图形sine［sa?n]正弦（sin)cosine［'kosa?n]余弦（cos）tangent［'t?nd??nt］正切（tan）trigonometric［，tr?g?n?’m?tr?k]functionofacuteangle锐角三角形projection[pr?'d??k??n］投影parallel［'p?r?,l?l］projection平行投影centerprojection中心投影view[vju]视图algebraic［，?ld??’bre?k］expression代数式rotation［ro’te??n]旋转quadratic[kwɑd’r?t?k］equationinoneunknow一元二次方程root根centeralsymmetry［’s??trm?]figure中心对称circle［'s?k！］圆centerofacircle圆心radius［'red??s］半径chord［k?rd]弦diameter[da?’?m?t?］直径arc［ɑrk］弧semi［’s?m?］-circle半圆centeralangle圆心角angleinacircularsegment['s?gm?nt]圆周角circumcircle外接圆circumcenter外心tangent［'t?nd??nt]line切线inscribedcircle内切圆incenter内心random［’r?nd?m]event[?'v?nt]随机事件proability概率treediagram［’da??，gr?m]树形图数学计算

mathematics，calculation

maths(BrE)，math(AmE)运算operation证明

公义axiom定理theoremprove假定hypothesis，hypotheses(pl.）命题

proposition

算术

arithmetic

加plus(prep。)，

add（v.）,addition（n。）被加数

augend，

summand

加数

addend

和

sum减minus(prep.),subtract（v。),subtraction(n。）被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.），multiplication（n.）被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除dividedby（prep。)，divide（v。）,division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals,isequalto，isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan运算符operator平均数mean算术平均数arithmaticmean几何平均数geometricmeann个数之积的n次方根倒数（reciprocal）x的倒数为1/x有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integer小数decimal小数点decimalpoint分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null，zero，nought,nil十进制decimalsystem二进制binarysystem十六进制hexadecimalsystem权weight，significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效数字significantdigit无效数字insignificantdigit代数algebra公式formula，formulae（pl。）单项式monomial多项式polynomial,multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方,立方cube四次方thepoweroffour，thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower开方evolution，extraction二次方根,平方根squareroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour，thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthrootsqrt（2）=1。414sqrt(3)=1.732sqrt(5)=2.236常量constant变量variable坐标系coordinates坐标轴x—axis，y-axis，z—axis横坐标x—coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin象限quadrant截距(有正负之分)intercede（方程的)解solution几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel订交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acuteangle直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isoscelestriangle等边三角形equilateraltriangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width周长perimeter面积area相似similar全等congruent三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent反余切arccotangent反正割arcsecant反余割arccosecant子集subset补充：会集aggregate元素element交集intersection并集union空集void补集complement照射mapping函数function定义域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列,级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无量大infinite(a。)infinity（n.)无量小infinitesimal积分integra