2022-2023学年重庆市沙坪坝区名校高二上学期12月月考英语试题（Word版含答案）

秘密★启用前重庆市沙坪坝区名校2022-2023学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题卷注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名.准考证号码填写在答题卡上。2.作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANow,anewstudyhasuncoveredasimplephysicalrulethatgovernsantrafts(蚂蚁筏):shrinkandexpand.Thediscoverycouldonedayleadtothedesignofrobotsthatworkingroups.Individually,antsarenotassmartaspeoplethink,butcollectively,theycanformverysmartandflexibleorganizations.Forexample,afterstormsinthesoutheasternUnitedStates,fireantsformgiantfloatingraftstosurviveroughwaters.Researchersusedmathematicalmodelstoworkoutthemechanicsbehindthesefloatingrafts.Theyfoundthatthefastertheantsonaraftmoved,themoretheraftexpandedoutwards,oftenforminglongstretches.Thisbehaviorisautomaticinnatureanddoesnotrequireanycentraldecisionmaking.Theresearchersalsoconductedexperimentstouncoverthesecretsoftheantraft.Theyputthousandsoffireantsinabucketofwaterwithaplasticstickinthemiddle,andtheywaited.Whattheyeventuallysawwasthatraftsstartedtoform,andinsteadofthesestructuresstayingthesameshapeovertime,theykeptshrinkingandexpandinguntiltheyformeddensecolonies.Sometimestheantsspreadoutlikepancakebatter(面糊)onafryingpan,andsometimestheyshranktoformbridges.Eachantraftwasmadeupoftwolayers.Atthebottom,structuralantsstucktogethertoformabase.Abovethemwasasecondlayerofants,whichwerefreetowalkontopofotherants.Overaperiodoftime,antsclimbedfromthebottomtothetop.Whentheyletthegameplayout,researchersfoundsimulated(模拟的)antraftsbehavedliketheywereintherealworld.Themoretheantswalked,themorelikelytheyweretoformlongstretchesstretchingoutfromtheraft,likepeoplegatheringfortheexitinacrowdedstadium.Researchonfireantswillhopefullyhelpunderstandhowsimplerulescanbewrittentoinstructrobotshowtointeractwithotherstoachievetargetedgroupresponses.1．Whatplaysanimportantroleinthesizeofantrafts?A．Thespeedofants. B．Thecentraldecision.C．Thedivisionoflabor. D．Thenumberofants.2．Whatismainlydiscussedaboutantraftsinthefifthparagraph?A．Size B．Function. C．Shape. D．Formation.3．Whichcolumnofamagazineisthisarticlemostlikelyfrom?A．Education. B．Society. C．Technology. D．Environment.BEducatorandcivilrightsactivistMaryMcLeodBethunewillsoonmakehistoryasthefirstblackpersontohaveastatueintheU.S.Capitol’sStatuaryHall,whenherstatuereplacesthatofageneral.Bethune,thedaughterofformerlyenslavedpeople,wasaninfluentialeducatorandactivistwhofoundedtheNationalCouncilofNegroWomen,advisedmultipleU.S.presidentsandcreatedaboardingschoolforblackchildrenthatwouldlaterbecomeBethune-CookmanUniversityinDaytonaBeach.The11-footstatueweighsmorethan6,0001bs…ItwascreatedbyartistNildaComas,whowaschosenfromafieldof1,600applicantsandisthefirstHispanicmastersculptortocreateastatuefortheNationalStatuaryHallStateCollection.Beforeshestartedsculpting,Comasconductedafour-yearthoroughresearch,whichshecalled“abeautifuljourney.”ThestatuefeaturesBethunewearingacapandlongdressandapearlnecklace,holdingablackroseinonehandandawalkingstickintheother.She’sstandinginfrontofapileofbooks,withawarmsmileandwhatonelocalreporterdescribedaseyesthat“registerwisdomkindness.”Thebaseofthestatueisinscribed(铭刻)withhername,herhomestate,birthanddeathdates,aswellasoneofhermostfamousquotes,“Investinthehumansoul.Whoknows,itmaybeadiamondintherough.”TheblackroserepresentsBethune’sworkineducation,aswellasherbeliefthat“lovingthyneighbor”requiredinterracial,inter-religiousandinternationalbrotherhood,accordingtoanonprofitorganization.“Althoughthereisnospeciesofflowercalleda‘blackrose’,Dr.Bethunewasattractedbybeautyofarosewithaparticulardarkcolour,”itexplained.“Thesedarkrosesinstantlybecameherfavorite.Shethereafterreferredtoherpupilsasher‘blackroses’”4．WhyhasBethune’sstatuebeensetup?A．BecausesheofferedmuchadvicetoUSpresidents.B．Becauseshewasthefirstblackpersontobeageneral.C．Becauseshecreatedthefirstuniversityforblackpeople.D．Becauseshewasadistinguishedblackeducatorandactivist.5．WhatarePara.3and4.mainlyabout?A．Thesizeofthestatue. B．Theresearchofthestatue.C．Thecreationofthestatue. D．Thechoosingofthesculptor.6．Whatdoes“blackrose”inPara.6standfor?A．Bethune’sfamous·quotes. B．Bethune’sdevotionandfaith.C．Bethune’swisdomandkindness. D．Bethune’sinvestmentandreligion.7．WhatdoweknowaboutBethune?A．Ashaperofhumansoul. B．Afounderofanonprofit.C．An'educatorforAfricanwomen. D．Abuilderofmodernuniversity.CHumanshavebeenlivingandworkingonthespacestationfor20years.Theirmealsarepackaged,thoughsometimesastronautsreceivefreshtreatsfromresupplymissions.Thelongerthatpackagedfoodisstored,themoreitlosesnutrientslikevitaminCandvitaminK.Astronautshavesuccessfullygrown10differentcropsonthespacestationsince2015andhadthechancetosampleeachone.TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayastheycelebratedtheharvestofthefirstChili(辣椒)growninspace.ThecrewfinallyhadachancetotastethepeppersafterinitiallykickingofftheplantexperimentonthespacestationinJuly.PlantHabitat-04isoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratorytodatebecausepepperstakemuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplants.Aftergrowingforfourmonths,thepepperswereharvestedonFriday.PeppersprovideagreatsourceofvitaminC,aswellasotherkeynutrients.Pepperplantsself-pollinate,sotheyareeasytogrow,andtheyareapick-and-eatcropthatdoesn’thavetobecooked.Theyarealsosafetoeatraw.Asideeffectoflifeinzerogravityisthatastronautsoftenlosesomeoftheirtasteandsmell,sospicyorwell-seasonedfoodsareafavorite.Addingfreshgreensorpepperstothemenuallowsastronautstolivenuptheirregularmeals.Butgrowingandtendingtotheplantscanalsoproduceotherbenefits.Astronautshavedescribedthejoyfromseeing—aswellassmellingandcaringfor—leafygreenplantsonthespacestationthatremindthemofEarth.“Growingcolorfulvegetablesinspacecanhavelong-termbenefitsforphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,”saidMattRomeyn,principalinvestigatorfortheexperiment.”Wearediscoveringthatgrowingplantsandvegetableswithcolorsandsmellshelpstoimproveastronauts’well-being.”8．Whatdoesunderlined“kickingoff”inthe2ndparagraphmean?A．Launch. B．Complete. C．Quit. D．Announce.9．WhatmakesPlantHabitat-04oneofthemostcomplexplantexperiments?A．Thetechnology. B．Growingprocess.C．Thevarietiesofplants. D．Growingtimerequired.10．Whyarepeppersaddedtothemenuforastronauts?A．Theyaredelicious. B．Theyrestoretheirappetite.C．Theyhelpkilldiseases. D．Theyimprovetheirmemory.11．Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheFunintheSpaceLifeB．TheCommonGoalintheSpaceMissionC．TheFirstChiliPeppersGrowninSpaceD．AResearchFindingfromtheSpaceMissionDManyfactssuggestthatchildrenareoverweightandthesituationisgettingworse,accordingtothedoctors.Ifeelthereareanumberofreasonsforthis.Somepeopleblamethefactthatwearesurroundedbyshopssellingunhealthy,fattyfoods,suchasfriedchickenandicecream,atlowprices.Thishasturnedoutawholegenerationofgrown-upswhoseldomcookamealforthemselves.Iftherewerefeweroftheserestaurants,thenprobablychildrenwouldbuylesstake-awayfood.Thereisanotherargumentthatblamesparentsforallowingtheirchildrentobecomeoverweight.Iagreewiththis,becausegoodeatinghabitsbeginearlyinlife,longbeforechildrenstarttovisitfastfoodshops.Ifchildrenaregivenfriedchickenandchocolateratherthanhealthyfood,orarealwaysallowedtochoosewhattheyeat,theywillgoforsweetandsaltyfoodseverytime,andthiswillcarryonthroughouttheirlives.Thereisathirdreasonforthissituation.Childrenthesedaystakeverylittleexercise.Theydonotwalktoschool.Whentheygethome,theysitinfrontofthetelevisionortheircomputersandplaycomputergames.Notonlyisthisanunhealthypastime(消遣),italsogivesthemtimetoeatmoreunhealthyfood.Whattheyneedistogooutsideandplayactivegamesorsports.Theabovearethemainreasonsforthisproblem,andthereforewehavetoencourageyoungpeopletobemoreactive,aswellassteeringthemawayfromfastfoodshopsandbadeatinghabits.12．Accordingtothetext,whatkindofchildrenmayeatmoreunhealthyfood?A．Thosewhooftentakeexercise.B．Thosewhooftenwatchtelevision.C．Thosewhooftenhavemealsathome.D．Thosewhooftenwalktoschool.13．Theauthorthinksthatchildrenarebecomingoverweightbecause.A．theirparentsoftencookmealsforthemB．theyaretoobusytogooutandplayC．theycan'tchoosewhattoeatD．therearetoomanyfastfoodshopsaround14．Theword"steering"underlinedinthelastsentencemostprobablymeans_______.A．forcing B．guidingC．driving D．moving15．Themainpurposeofthetextisto_________.A．tellastory B．providefactsC．giveadvice D．compareopinions第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Wearetaughtfromchildhoodthatwarmingupisamustinpreparationforanyexercise.Itallowsustoprepareourmusclesforthestrain（拉力）weareabouttoplaceonthemandpreventinjury.____16____Theseallprepareforaneffectiveworkout.____17____Itpreventsdizziness,helpsreturntheheartratebacktonormalandpreventschronicvenousinsufficiency（CVI）.Alsoknownas"bloodpooling",CVIoccurswhenthebloodinbloodvessels（血管）expandsduringprolongedexercise,makingitdifficultforittoreturntotheheartfromthelegs.Accordingtomanyhealthandfitnessinstructors,thetotalcool-downperiodshouldlast3to10minutes,oruntilyouarereadytostop.____18____Forexample,ifyouhavebeenworkingyourlegs,youwillneedtodolowerbodystretchesoraslowwalk.Therearemanyhelpfultutorialsonline.Thebestwaytomeasurewhetheryouhavecooleddowneffectivelyispurelybasedoncommonsense—ifyoufeelyourheartratehasreduced,that'senough.Thereisnoresearchtoprovestretchingafterasessionwillhelpreducepain,butifyoufeelithelps,doso.____19____Coolingdownmethods,includingfoamrollers,asportsmassageordryneedling,areworthinvestigating.____20____Ifthepainistherethenextday,consultyourdoctor,and,moreimportantly,warmupmorethoroughlynexttime.A．Itisdowntopersonalpreference.B．Fastwalkingisthesimplestexercise.C．Ifyouarenotflexible,loweryourupperbody.D．Ifyouexperienceanypainwhenstretching,stop.E．Butcoolingdownisasimportantaswarmingup.F．Areastotargetdependonwhichpartofthebodyyouhavetrained.G．Moreimportantly,itsteadilyincreasestheheartrateandbloodflow.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whenourthreekidswereyoung,wehaddaysthatwentonforlifetimes,AsIwatchedmyhusbandCragleaveeverymorning,Ifelt___21___tohavesomuchtimealonewithmybabies.WhenCraig___22___eachevening,hewouldsmileandask,“So!Howwasyourday?”Thisquestionshowedthe___23___betweenhisexperienceofa“day”andmine.Howwasmyday?I___24___Craigasthekidsscreamedloudlyaround.ThenIlookeddownatmydirtyT-shirtandthetoyslitteringthefloor.Iwantedtosay,“Todayhasbeena___25___ThereweremomentswhenIwassofedupwiththemessthatIthoughtImight___26___.Iwasbothlonelyand___27___tobealone.”Butbusywithsomuchhousework,Iwastootiredto___28___.SoIjustsaid,“Fine.”ButIfeltsadbecause___29___isaboutbeingseenandknown.Sowedecidedto____30____help.Welearnedfromthecounselor（咨询师）thatloveis____31____andweshouldn'taskthesameemptyquestionslike:“Howwasyourday?”____32____,wecanaskquestionslike:Whendidyoufeellovedorlonelytoday?A____33____questionisakeythatwillunlockaroominsidethepersonyoulove.Questionsarelikegifts.It'sthe____34____behindthemthatthereceiverfeels.Themore____35____yougivetoyourquestions,themorebeautifultheanswersbecome.21．A．relaxed B．scared C．excited D．surprised22．A．called B．awoke C．returned D．withdrew23．A．combination B．gap C．wrestle D．linked24．A．staredat B．brokewith C．liedto D．droveaway25．A．miracle B．flash C．lifetime D．discovery26．A．jump B．regret C．hesitate D．explode27．A．optimistic B．desperate C．secure D．thankful28．A．move B．listen C．quarrel D．answer29．A．love B．respect C．trust D．help30．A．offer B．receive C．refuse D．seek31．A．specific B．precious C．fundamental D．plain32．A．However B．Instead C．Consequently D．Besides33．A．caring B．curious C．pointed D．direct34．A．secret B．response C．thought D．inspiration35．A．clue B．explanations C．support D．attention第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。“Timewaitsfornoman”—orsothesayinggoes.Wecan’tstoptimeandwecan’tcontrol______36______,althoughsometimes,inourminds,wethinktimeflies.Butifthisyear______37______particularfeelslikeit’spassingmorequicklythanothershavedone,therecouldbeascientific______38______(explain).Ofcourse,weknowayearisusually365dayslong.Cleverscientistscalculatedthisalongtimeago.Theyalsoworkedoutthateveryfouryears,weneedanextraday______39______(call)aleapyeartokeepourcalendarinsync(同步).But2021isn’toneofthoseyears,andyetit’snotbehavinglike______40______normalyear.ScientistshavedonethemathanddiscoveredtheEarthismovingfasterthaniteverhasinthelast50years,______41______meansthat2021isgoingtobetheshortestyearindecades.Apparently,thisis______42______theEarthisspinningfaster,quickerthanithasdoneindecades,andthedaysarethereforeshorter.Buttheyareonlyshortbyatinyamount—around0.05milliseconds—sodon’tpanicifyouhaven’tnoticed!However,long-termthesemillisecondsaddup.GrahamJonesfromTimeandDatetoldTheIndependentnewspaper:“IftheEarth’srotationcontinuesto______43______(quick),wemayatsomepointrequireanegativeleapsecond.Ifthishappens,ourclockswouldskipasecond______44______(keep)upwiththehurryingEarth.”Since1972,27leapseconds_______45_______(add)toourtime.写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，暑期刚刚结束了外教Mr.Kidd的网络课程学习。请你给他写一封课程反馈的邮件，内容如下：1．表示感激；2．你的评价；3．你的建议。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMr.Kidd,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Goback,Mom!Goback!”shoutedmysix-year-olddaughter,June.Iquicklyturnedaroundtocastmydoubtfuleyesonthebackseat,worriedIhadforgottenheryoungersister.Iwasrelievedtoseethegirlssafeandsitintheircarseats,butJune’sexpressionwasoneofpureanxiety.“Mom,wehavetogoback,”sheinsisted.“Someoneneedsourhelp!”AsIlookedbackfromthedriver’sseat,Ispottedayoungmaninragsplayinghisguitar.Hisskinny,poor-lookingdogrestednexttohisfeetnearanold,worncardboardsignthatread,“Homeless,pleasehelp.”We’dcomeacrosshomelesspeoplebeforeandhadtalkedabouttheirneedsandstruggles.Ishouldseizethechancetosetagoodexampleformydaughterstogiveahelpinghand.SoIsearchedforsomecash,onlytofindIhadnothingbutcreditcards.“I’msorry,sweetheart,butIdon’thaveanycash,”Isaid.“Ihavesome,Mom!”Junereplied.Sheopenedherlittlepinkpurseandpulledoutafive-dollarbill.“Oh,good.I’llpayyoubackwhenwegethome,”Irespondedwithasighofrelief.“No.Mom.”sheinsisted,“Iwanttohelphim.Idon’twantyoutopaymeback.Iwanttogivehimmymoney.”Aswedrovedownthecrowdedrowsoftheparkinglot,Ireassuredherthatwewouldgettohim.Whenwegotthere.Icalledout,“Excuseme,sir!”Hecautiouslywalkedtowardourcarandanswered,“Yes,ma’am?”“Hereyougo,sir.”Junestretchedoutherentirebodytohandhimherfive-dollarbillthroughthewindowandexplained,“Iwantyoutohavethis.”Hesmiledandhesitatinglyasked,“Thiswasyourmoney?”“Yes!Iwantyoutohaveit,”sheproudlyanswered.“Thankyou,”hesaid,touchedbyherthoughtfulness.Weexchangedasmile,andaswedroveaway,myyoungerdaughterScarlettbegantocry.Ihadn’tnoticedthatshehademptiedherpurseandwasholdingtwoquartersinhertinyhands.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:“Mom,Iwantedtohelp,too,”shesobbed.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Nowwithtearsinhiseyes,hesaidindisbelief,“Youwanttohelpme?”________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案1．A

2．D

3．C这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍科学家们运用物理规则研究蚂蚁筏，从而发现这对于机器人的设计也会起到重要作用。1．细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句话“Theyfoundthatthefastertheantsonaraftmoved,themoretheraftexpandedoutwards,oftenforminglongstretches.（他们发现，木筏上的蚂蚁移动地越快，木筏就越向外扩展，通常形成长长的延伸。）”可知，木筏上蚂蚁的移动速度会影响木筏的变化。因此，在蚂蚁筏的大小中，蚂蚁的速度起着重要的作用。故选A项。2．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段第一句话“Whattheyeventuallysawwasthatraftsstartedtoform,andinsteadofthesestructuresstayingthesameshapeovertime,theykeptshrinkingandexpandinguntiltheyformeddensecolonies.（他们最终看到的是木筏开始形成，随着时间的推移，这些结构没有保持相同的形状，而是不断缩小和膨胀，直到他们形成密集的殖民地。）”可知，本段主要介绍的是蚂蚁筏的形成过程。故选D项。3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句话“Now,anewstudyhasuncoveredasimplephysicalrulethatgovernsantrafts(蚂蚁筏):shrinkandexpand.Thediscoverycouldonedayleadtothedesignofrobotsthatworkingroups.（现在，一项新的研究发现了一个简单的物理规则，它控制着蚂蚁筏：收缩和膨胀。这一发现有朝一日可能会导致机器人的设计成组工作。）”可知，文章主要介绍了运用物理规则研究蚂蚁筏，从而发现对于机器人的设计也会起到重要作用。结合选项，文章应出自“技术”栏目。故选C项。4．D

5．C

6．B

7．A这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了教育家和民权活动人士玛丽·麦克劳德·白求恩很快将创造历史，成为第一个在美国国会大厦的雕像大厅中拥有雕像的黑人。4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Bethune,thedaughterofformerlyenslavedpeople,wasaninfluentialeducatorandactivistwhofoundedtheNationalCouncilofNegroWomen,advisedmultipleU.S.presidentsandcreatedaboardingschoolforblackchildrenthatwouldlaterbecomeBethune-CookmanUniversityinDaytonaBeach.”（白求恩，曾经是奴隶的女儿，是一位有影响力的教育家和活动家，她成立了全国黑人妇女理事会，为多位美国总统提供建议，并为黑人儿童创办了一所寄宿学校，即后来在代托纳比奇的白求恩-库克曼大学。）推知，给Bethune设立雕像是因为她是一位杰出的黑人教育家和活动家。故选D项。5．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The11-footstatueweighsmorethan6,0001bs…ItwascreatedbyartistNildaComas,whowaschosenfromafieldof1,600applicantsandisthefirstHispanicmastersculptortocreateastatuefortheNationalStatuaryHallStateCollection.Beforeshestartedsculpting,Comasconductedafour-yearthoroughresearch,whichshecalled“abeautifuljourney.””（这座11英尺高的雕像重逾6000磅，由艺术家NildaComas从1600名申请者中挑选出来创作，他是第一位为国家雕像馆国家收藏中心创作雕像的西班牙裔雕刻大师。在开始雕刻之前，科玛斯进行了为期四年的彻底研究，她称这是一次“美丽的旅程”。）以及第四段“ThestatuefeaturesBethunewearingacapandlongdressandapearlnecklace,holdingablackroseinonehandandawalkingstickintheother.She’sstandinginfrontofapileofbooks,withawarmsmileandwhatonelocalreporterdescribedaseyesthat“registerwisdomkindness.””（白求恩戴着帽子，穿着长裙，戴着珍珠项链，一只手拿着一朵黑玫瑰，另一只手拿着一根手杖。她站在一堆书前，带着温暖的微笑，用一位当地记者的话说，她的眼睛“流露出智慧和善良”。）可知，这两段主要讲了雕像的创作。故选C项。6．词句猜测题。根据第六段“TheblackroserepresentsBethune’sworkineducation,aswellasherbeliefthat“lovingthyneighbor”requiredinterracial,inter-religiousandinternationalbrotherhood,accordingtoanonprofitorganization.（据一家非盈利组织称，黑玫瑰代表白求恩在教育方面的工作，以及她认为“爱你的邻居”需要跨种族、跨宗教和国际的兄弟情谊。）可知，blackrose指的是白求恩在教育方面的奉献和她“博爱”的信仰。故选B项。7．推理判断题。根据第二段“Bethune,thedaughterofformerlyenslavedpeople,wasaninfluentialeducatorandactivistwhofoundedtheNationalCouncilofNegroWomen,advisedmultipleU.S.presidentsandcreatedaboardingschoolforblackchildrenthatwouldlaterbecomeBethune-CookmanUniversityinDaytonaBeach.”（白求恩，曾经是奴隶的女儿，是一位有影响力的教育家和活动家，她成立了全国黑人妇女理事会，为多位美国总统提供建议，并为黑人儿童创办了一所寄宿学校，即后来在代托纳比奇的白求恩-库克曼大学。）可知，她的一生都在致力于对儿童和妇女运动的贡献。结合选项A“人类灵魂的塑造者”符合题意。BCD都与文章实意不符。故选A项。8．A

9．D

10．B

11．C本文是说明文，描述了第一个在太空种植的辣椒。8．词义猜测题。根据第二段“ThecrewfinallyhadachancetotastethepeppersafterinitiallykickingofftheplantexperimentonthespacestationinJuly.(今年7月，宇航员们在空间站开始了植物实验，终于有机会品尝辣椒。)”前一句说宇航员最终能够品尝辣椒，后文initially表示“最初”，可知，宇航员最初开始植物实验，才能在最后收获辣椒，所以kickoff的意思是“开始”，故选A项。9．细节理解题。根据第三段“PlantHabitat-04isoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratorytodatebecausepepperstakemuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplants.(植物栖息地04是轨道实验室迄今为止最复杂的植物实验之一，因为辣椒的生长时间比之前的实验植物长得多。)”可知，植物栖息地04最复杂的原因在于其所需要的生长时间。故选D项。10．细节理解题。根据第五段“Asideeffectoflifeinzerogravityisthatastronautsoftenlosesomeoftheirtasteandsmell,sospicyorwell-seasonedfoodsareafavorite.Addingfreshgreensorpepperstothemenuallowsastronautstolivenuptheirregularmeals.(零重力生活的一个副作用是，宇航员经常会失去一些味觉和嗅觉，所以辛辣或调味好的食物是他们的最爱。在菜单中加入新鲜的绿色蔬菜或辣椒可以让宇航员的日常饮食更有活力。)”可知，在宇航员的食谱中加入辣椒是为了让他们恢复食欲。故选B项。11．主旨大意题。根据第二段“TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayastheycelebratedtheharvestofthefirstChili(辣椒)growninspace.(周五，国际空间站为宇航员举办了一个派对，庆祝第一批太空辣椒的收获。)”可知，辣椒首次在太空被成功种植。后文紧接着说明太空辣椒的必要性，所以全文都在说太空的首次辣椒种植。故选C项。12．B

13．D

14．B

15．C本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太多的小孩子超重的问题，并解释相关的原因。12．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Whentheygethome,theysitinfrontofthetelevisionortheircomputersandplaycomputergames.Notonlyisthisanunhealthypastime(消遣),italsogivesthemtimetoeatmoreunhealthyfood.(当他们回到家，他们坐在电视机前或电脑前玩电脑游戏。这不仅是一种不健康的消遣，也给了他们时间吃更多不健康的食物)”可知，经常看电视的孩子可能会吃更多不健康的食物。故选B。13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Somepeopleblamethefactthatwearesurroundedbyshopssellingunhealthy,fattyfoods,suchasfriedchickenandicecream,atlowprices.(一些人指责我们周围的商店出售不健康的，高脂肪的食品，如廉价的炸鸡和冰淇淋)”可知，作者认为孩子们越来越胖是因为周围有太多的快餐店。故选D。14．词句猜测题。根据最后一段可知，为了解决孩子太胖的问题，需要让孩子们远离快餐店和不良饮食习惯。B和C两个选项在意思和语法上都是对的，但是对待孩子应该引导，而不是驱赶，所以B选项更好。故选B。15．主旨大意题。文章分析了几个使孩子变胖的因素并提出了如何控制孩子变胖的建议，目的是建议让孩子让孩子们远离快餐店和不良饮食习惯。故选C。16．G

17．E

18．F

19．A

20．D本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了运动后降温的重要性和方法。16．根据前文“Wearetaughtfromchildhoodthatwarmingupisamustinpreparationforanyexercise.Itallowsustoprepareourmusclesforthestrain（拉力）weareabouttoplaceonthemandpreventinjury.(我们从小就被教导说，在做任何运动前热身都是必须的。它可以让我们的肌肉为即将发生的紧张做好准备，防止受伤。)”和后句“Theseallprepareforaneffectiveworkout.(这些都是为有效的锻炼做准备。)”可知，这里应该继续介绍热身的好处。所以选择项G“Moreimportantly,itsteadilyincreasestheheartrateandbloodflow.(更重要的是，它能稳步增加心率和血液流量。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。17．根据上文运动前热身的好处和后句“Itpreventsdizziness,helpsreturntheheartratebacktonormalandpreventschronicvenousinsufficiency（CVI）.(它可以防止头晕，帮助心率恢复正常，防止慢性静脉功能不全(CVI)。)”可知，不但要热身，也要降温。所以选择项E“Butcoolingdownisasimportantaswarmingup.(但是降温和热身同样重要。)”符合上下文语境。此句为承上启下句。故选E。18．根据前句“Accordingtomanyhealthandfitnessinstructors,thetotalcool-downperiodshouldlast3to10minutes,oruntilyouarereadytostop.(根据许多健康和健身教练的说法，总的冷却时间应该持续3到10分钟，或者直到你准备好停止了。)”和后句“Forexample,ifyouhavebeenworkingyourlegs,youwillneedtodolowerbodystretchesoraslowwalk.(例如，如果你一直在锻炼你的腿，你将需要做下半身伸展运动或慢走。)”可知，不同部位的冷却时间取决于你训练的身体部位。所以选择项F“Areastotargetdependonwhichpartofthebodyyouhavetrained.(目标部位取决于你训练的身体部位。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。19．根据前句“Thereisnoresearchtoprovestretchingafterasessionwillhelpreducepain,butifyoufeelithelps,doso.(没有研究证明在一个疗程后做伸展运动有助于减轻疼痛，但如果你觉得有帮助，那就做吧。)”可知，根据个人喜好，觉得怎么可以减轻疼痛就怎么做。所以选择项A“Itisdowntopersonalpreference.(这取决于个人喜好。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。20．根据前句“Coolingdownmethods,includingfoamrollers,asportsmassageordryneedling,areworthinvestigating.(降温方法，包括泡沫剂，运动按摩或干针刺，都值得研究。)”和后句“Ifthepainistherethenextday,consultyourdoctor,and,moreimportantly,warmupmorethoroughlynexttime.(如果第二天还感到疼痛，请咨询你的医生，更重要的是，下次要做更彻底的热身。)”可知，本段介绍降温的方法，但伸展时有疼痛就要停止。所以选择项D“Ifyouexperienceanypainwhenstretching,stop.(如果你在伸展时感到疼痛，停止。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。21．B

22．C

23．B

24．A

25．C

26．D

27．B

28．D

29．A

30．D

31．A

32．B

33．A

34．C

35．D这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了面对生活中的鸡毛蒜皮，如何通过更好地问问题进行关心你爱的人。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有这么多时间和我的宝贝们呆在一起，我感到很害怕。A.relaxed感到放松的；B.scared害怕的；C.excited激动的；D.surprised感到惊讶的。根据第8空的“Iwastootiredto”（我累到不想）可知，独自应对一切是可怕的，故选B项。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的丈夫每晚回来的时候，他会笑着问我，“那么，今天过得怎么样呢？”。A.called呼叫；B.awoke唤醒；C.returned返回；D.withdrew撤销。根据前文“Craigleaveeverymorning”（Craig每天早上离开）以及本句时间状语“每天晚上”可知，此时丈夫回家了，故选C项。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个问题表明了他的一天与我的一天的体验之间的代沟。A.combination结合；B.gap缺口，代沟；C.wrestle摔跤；D.linked联系。根据语境可知，此处指的是妻子和丈夫度过了完全不一样的一天，有差别，造成沟通的代沟，故选B项。24．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当孩子随意大声尖叫时，我盯着他看。A.staredat盯着；B.brokewith脱离；C.liedto位于……方向；D.droveaway开走。根据后句“ThenIlookeddownatmydirtyT-shirtandthetoyslitteringthefloor.”（然后我低头看向我肮脏的衬衫和满地的玩具）可知，她的视角发生了变化，由盯着丈夫看转向看地板，故选A项。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天像是度过了一辈子那么长。A.miracle奇迹；B.flash动画，闪现；C.lifetime一生；D.discovery发现。根据后句“ThereweremomentswhenIwassofedupwiththemessthatIthoughtImight”（有些时候我厌烦了糟心的一切，以致我认为我会爆炸）可知，此处运用了夸张，因为痛苦而觉得一天无比漫长，故选C项。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些时候我厌烦了糟心的一切，以致我认为我会爆炸。A.jump跳跃；B.regret后悔；C.hesitate犹豫；D.explode爆发。根据后句“Iwasbothlonelyand7tobealone.”（我既感到孤独又很渴望独处）可知，我渴望独处，因为受不了糟心的一切，绝望到爆炸的感觉，故选D项。27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我既感到孤独又很渴望独处。A.optimistic积极的；B.desperate绝望的；C.secure安全的；D.thankful感恩的。根据本句“Iwasbothlonelyand7tobealone.”（我既感到孤独又很7独处）可知，此处指两种相反的心境，既孤独又渴望独处，bedesperatetodo“渴望做”，故选B项。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：忙着做家务，我累到不想回答。A.move移动；B.listen听；C.quarrel吵架；D.answer回答。根据后句“Ijust