【步步高】2017版高考英语一轮复习Module5Cloning素材外研版选修6

PAGEPAGE16Module5Cloning话题词汇1.inventionn.发明2.progressn.进步3.digitaladj.数字的4.breakthroughn.突破5.technicaladj.技术的6.automaticadj.自动的7.makeastudyof研究8.shoponline网上购物9.surftheInternet网上冲浪10.browsethewebpage浏览网页经典语篇假如你是李华，最近老师向你们介绍了两种已灭绝的古代动物，并就哪一种动物更加适合被克隆举行了一次讨论。请你结合下表为你所在的小组写一篇发言稿，就选择理由及原因进行说明。NameanddatewhenlastseenInformationDodobird(1755)unabletofly；friendlyandnotharmful；largeeggsandtastymeatthatcouldbedevelopedforfood；needhotclimateAurochs(1627)largewildcattle；longhornsandhair；hairisgoodforbeingmadeintoclothes；hornscanbeusedfordecoration；needgrasslands注意：词数100左右。佳作欣赏Dearfellowstudents，I’msohonoredtospeakhereonbehalfofourgroup.Afteraheateddiscussion，weagreedthatthedodoistheveryanimalthatiswellworthcloning.Ontheonehand，comparedwiththeaurochs，thedodoismuchsmaller，whichmeansthatthedodowillconsumemuchlessfood①.Besides，thedodobecameextinctfairlyrecentlysoitsDNAisstillingoodcondition.Ontheotherhand，theaurochscannotlivewithoutgrasslands，whilethedodocanadapttothehotclimateeasily.②Ifthedodoiscloned，thatwillbeofgreatbenefittous.Becauseitcannotonlybeafriendlyanimalbutalsobeanidealpetforfamilieswithchildren.What’smore，itmayproducelargenutritiouseggsandtastymeatforpeople.Allinall，thedodowouldbethebestchoicetobebrought③backtolife!That’sall！Thankyou.思维发散1.将第①句中的定语从句改为非谓语形式Thedodoismuchsmaller，meaningthatthedodowillconsumemuchlessfood.2.仿照第②句用while...完成句子北方的学校往往装备较好，而南方的学校相对较穷。Schoolsinthenorthtendtobebetterequipped，whilethoseinthesoutharerelativelypoor.3.仿照第③句用“最高级/序数词＋todo...”完成句子英格兰教会中学Walkwood被认为是英国第一所禁止13岁以下女生穿裙子的学校。WalkwoodChurchofEnglandMiddleSchoolisbelievedtobethefirstinEnglandtostopfemalepupilsundertheageof13fromwearingskirts.Ⅰ.重点单词A.写作单词1.refuse(v.)拒绝2.contrast(v.)对照3.fear(n.)害怕，恐惧4.cure(v.)治愈5.resist(v.)抵抗6.absorb(v.)吸收7.arise(v.)(问题、困难等)出现8.virtue(n.)道德上的优点，善行9.breathe(v.)呼吸breath(n.)呼吸10.beneficial(adj.)有益的，有用的benefit(n.&v.)好处，益处；有益于，有利于11.accompany(v.)陪伴，陪同companion(n.)同伴，伙伴company(n.)陪伴12.violence(n.)暴力violent(adj.)暴力的13.terrify(v.)使惊恐，使受惊吓terrified(adj.)恐惧的terrifying(adj.)令人恐惧的B.阅读单词14.identical(adj.)完全相同的，同一的15.incredible(adj.)难以置信的16.chase(v.)追逐，追赶，追踪17.murder(v.)谋杀18.suspect(n.)嫌疑人19.compulsory(adj.)强制的，强迫的20.flexible(adj.)易适应的，灵活的21.optional(adj.)可选择的22.contradictory(adj.)互相矛盾的，相反的，对立的23.emotion(n.)感情，情绪24.disgust(v.)使觉得恶心；使厌烦disgusting(adj.)令人恶心的，使人反感的disgusted(adj.)感到恶心的Ⅱ.重点短语1.burnout(火)燃尽，烧完自灭2.contrastwith与……形成对照3.throwoneselfon...扑倒在……上4.makeasound发出声音5.againandagain一再，屡次6.bymistake错误地7.treat...as...把……当成……对待8.asequenceof一系列的9.(be)identicalto和……一样，与……一致10.relyon/upon依靠，依赖11.asfollows如下12.knockout摧毁13.getoutofcontrol摆脱控制14.asfarasweknow据我们所知15.breakdown分解16.bring...backtolife使……复活Ⅲ.经典句式1.Whilestudyingatuniversity，hediscoversthesecretofhowtocreatelife.还在上大学时，他就发现了怎样创造生命的秘密。2.ItwasonacoldNovembernightthatIsawmycreationforthefirsttime.我是在11月一个寒冷的晚上首次看到我的作品的。3.IwishIhadnotcreatedthiscreature，IwishIwasontheothersideoftheworld，IwishIcoulddisappear!但愿我没有制造出这个家伙，但愿我身处世界的另一边，但愿我可以消失得无影无踪！4.Buttorelyonafewclonedanimalsorcropswouldrestrictthebiodiversityofthebreed.但是，仅仅依赖少数几种克隆动植物会限制生物品种的多样性。Ⅳ.课文语法填空Frankenstein,1.ayoungscientist，discoversthesecretofhowtocreatelifewhilestudyingatuniversity.2.Using(use)bonesfromdeadbodies，hecreatesacreaturethatresemblesahumanbeingandgives3.itlife.Thecreatureisthe4.ugliest(ugly)thingFrankensteinhaseverseen，andhemakesthepeoplearound5.terrified(terrify).WhenFrankensteinrefuses6.tocreate(create)awife7.forhim，themonstermurdersFrankenstein’sbrother，wifeandhisbestfriend.Frankensteinregrets8.whathehasdone.Inordertodestroythecreature，thescientistchaseshim9.totheArctic,10.wherehedies.Intheend，themonsterdisappearsintotheiceandsnowtoendhisownlife.1eq\x(beneficialadj.有益的；有用的)[多词一义]bebeneficialto，beofbenefitto，dogoodtobenefitv.有益于；有助于；受益；n.优势；益处；成效benefitsb./sth.对某人/物有益benefitfrom/by从……中受益beofbenefitto＝bebeneficialto对……有益forone’sbenefit＝forthebenefitofsb.为帮助某人；为某人的利益(1)Iknewthatshecouldgivemesomebeneficialtips.我知道她能给我很多有益的建议。(2)Ibenefitagreatdealfromreading.我从阅读中受益良多。(3)Thewarningsignwasputthereforthebenefitofthepublic.那儿设立了警告牌以引起人们的警惕。多维训练(1)单句语法填空①Astayinthecountrywillbebeneficial(benefit)tohishealth.②IfeelthatIhavebenefitedgreatlyfrom/byherwisdom.(2)同义句改写Thenewregulationwillbeofbenefittoeveryoneconcerned.①Thenewregulationwillbebeneficialtoeveryoneconcerned.(用beneficial改写)②Everyoneconcernedwillbenefitfromthenewregulation.(用benefitfrom改写)③Thenewregulationwillbenefiteveryoneconcerned.(用benefit改写)2curev.治愈病人；治好疾病；矫正，改正某人的不良行为；解决问题；n.治疗；疗程；对策[应试指导]“动词＋sb.＋of”类语境词义辨析的考查1curesb.of...治愈某人的……；矫正某人的……2acurefor...针对……的治疗(1)Anoperationfinallycuredhisshininjury.手术最终治好了他胫部的伤。(2)Weneedtocureourenvironmentalproblems.我们需要解决我们的环境问题。[词义辨析]cure，treat(1)cure表示“治愈”，宾语既可以是人，也可以是疾病，有时也表示“矫正；革除”。(2)treat表示“治疗”时，多接人作宾语，强调治疗动作，并不说明是否治愈。多维训练(1)用cure，treat的正确形式填空①Thedoctorwastreatingthegirlwhosufferedfromcancer.②Whowasitthatcuredtheoldprofessorofhiscancer?(2)单句语法填空①Hesaidthathewascured(cure)withthismedicine.②Hewasatlastcuredofthebadhabit.③Theyhavefoundacureforrisingprices.3absorbv.吸收液体、气体等takein；吸引全部注意力attract；使全神贯注interestsb.verymuch；使并入，吞并absorbone’sattention吸引某人的注意absorb...from...从……中吸收……beabsorbedin全神贯注于beabsorbedby/into被……吞并吸引(1)Internationalaffairsabsorbhisattention.他专心研究国际问题。(2)Plantsabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheairandmoisturefromthesoil.植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。(3)Shewasabsorbedinthebook.她专心于这本书。[特别提醒]表示“全神贯注”的常见短语还有：belostin，beburiedin，fix/focusone’sattentionon，devote...to，concentrateone’smindon，applyoneselfto，beaddictedto等。多维训练(1)单句语法填空①Whendeeplyabsorbed(absorb)inwork，whichheoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.②Mostlittleshopshavebeenabsorbedinto/bybigbusinesses.③Afterabsorbing(absorb)enoughwater，theplantsgrowwell.(2)同义句改写HewassoabsorbedinTVthatheforgottosleep.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)AbsorbedinTV，heforgottosleep.4eq\x(breakdown机器出故障；讨论、谈判、计划等失败；打破；化学分解；身体垮掉)[应试指导]“break＋副词”类语境词义辨析breakup打碎；解散；结束；分手；拆散breakoff中断breakthrough突破；冲破breakout爆发(1)Theprintingmachinesarealwaysbreakingdown.印刷机老是出故障。(2)Policewerecalledintobreakupthemeeting.有人叫来了警察将聚会驱散。[图解助记]多维训练(1)写出下列句子中breakdown的汉语意思①Thecarbrokedownonthewaytotheairport.抛锚②Thepeacetalksbrokedownwithnoagreementreached.失败③Yourhealthwillbreakdownifyouworktoohard.身体垮掉④Plasticbagsaredifficulttobreakdown.分解(2)单句语法填空①Mygirlfriendhasbrokenupwithme.②Itwilltaketenyearstobreakthroughtheculturalbarriers.③Afirebrokeoutlastnight.5eq\x(resistv.抵制refusetoaccept；抗拒；反抗fightback)多维训练(1)单句语法填空①Icouldn’tresisttelling(tell)himthesecret.②Thesecropsaresafe；they’reresistanttodroughtanddisease.③Wherethereisoppression，thereisresistance(resist).(2)单句改错Shewasonadiet，butshecouldn’tresisteatsweetfood.eat→eating6accompanyvt.陪同，陪伴keeppany；伴随，与……同时发生happenwith；为……伴奏多维训练(1)选词填空eq\x(company，accompany，companion)Lastnight，mycompanionskeptmecompanytoseeafilmandthentheyaccompaniedmetomyhome.(2)单句语法填空①Children，whenaccompanied(accompany)bytheirparents，areallowedtoenterthestadium.②Sheaccompaniedthesingerat/onthepiano.③Theyusuallywentshoppingincompanywitheachother.④Thearchitect，accompaniedbyhisassociates，is(be)surveyingthelandnow.(3)单句改错IshallaccompanyhimtovisitBeijing.去掉visit7eq\x(treatsb.as...把某人看作；把某人当成……对待)多维训练(1)单句语法填空①Policesaythey’retreatingitasacaseofattemptedmurder.②Shealwaystreatshimtoicecream.③We’vegottotreatpeoplewithrespectanddignity.(2)同义句改写Ifhewastreatedinaproperway，hewaslikelytobesaved.①Iftreatedinaproperway，hewaslikelytobesaved.(改为省略句)②Treatedinaproperway，hewaslikelytobesaved.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)8eq\x(getoutofcontrol失控)多维训练(1)IntheWest，peoplefeelmoreincontroloftheirownlives.在西方，人们感觉个人生活更自如一些。(2)Hewasworkinghardtokeepcontrolofhimself.他正努力克制自己。(3)Francislostcontrolofhisbikeonthehillandranintoatree.法兰西斯在山坡上失去了对自行车的控制，撞到了一棵大树上。(4)Thecarwentoutofcontrolandcrashedoverthecliff.汽车失去了控制，掉下了悬崖。(5)Yououghttokeepyourpassionsundercontrol.你应该抑制住你的愤怒。9IwishIhadnotcreatedthiscreature，IwishIwasontheothersideoftheworld，IwishIcoulddisappear！但愿我没有制造出这个家伙，但愿我身处世界的另一边，但愿我可以消失得无影无踪！eq\x(句型公式：wish引导的虚拟语气)1wish＋宾语从句，意为“但愿……；希望……；……就好了”，往往与事实相反或表示不太可能实现的愿望。2wish后宾语从句中的谓语形式如下：①did/were表示与现在事实相反的愿望；②haddone/been表示与过去事实相反的愿望；③would/could＋动词原形表示与将来事实相反的愿望。(1)Iwishyouwouldn’tsmokeanylonger.我真希望你再也不要吸烟了。(2)Hewishedhehadphonedforataxi.他真希望自己已经打电话叫出租车了。多维训练单句语法填空(1)Iwishhewould/couldgo(go)withustothetheatrenextThursday.(2)Shewishedshehadbeen(be)athomethen.(3)IwishIlived(live)ontheseashore.Ⅰ.语境填词1.Whenhisrequestwasrefused(拒绝)，hetookouthisFrenchhorn(号)andstartedtopractise.(2015·重庆)2.Theairwebreathe(呼吸)inisgettingdirtieranddirtier.(2015·全国Ⅰ)3.Thenextscenewasacompletecontrast(对比).(2012·新课标全国)4.Forinstance，areportthatanalysed(分析)nearlytwodecadesofresearchonmajorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.(2011·陕西)5.Makesureyouresist(抵抗)theurgetoanswereverymessageyoureceive，andconsiderleavingyourmobilephonebehindoccasionallywhenyougoout.(2011·山东)6.I’lldescribethreeno­winsituationsthatcommonlyarise(出现)betweenteensandparentsandthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.(2010·湖北)Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Aweakrayoflightcameinthroughasmallholeinthewallandhewasabsorbedinhisreading.(2015·福建)2.Upsettingpeoplewithunsignedmessagesiscruelanddisgusting(disgust).(2013·安徽)3.What’smore，ridingbicyclesisagoodwayforustoexerciseanditisbeneficial(benefit)toourhealth.(2011·江西)4.Mostpeoplebelievetheydon’thavemuchimagination(imagine).(2009·上海)5.Manyonlinegamestodayarefullofviolence(violent)whichmayleadtoviolentfightsamongtheplayers.Ⅲ.短语填空eq\x(burnout，ariseoutof，treat...as...，asfollows，asfarasIknow，breakdown)1.Thetwocountriesaregoingtomeettobreakdownsomebarrierstotradebetweenthem.(2014·天津)2.AsfarasIknow，youareenthusiasticaboutChinesetraditionalculture，particularlyChineseopera.(2012·天津)3.Myplanabouttheseactivitiesisasfollows.(2011·天津)4.Thesearetheproblemsarisingoutofthelackofcommunication.5.Theboyobjectstobeingtreatedasachild.6.Thefirehadburnedoutbeforethefireenginesarrived.Ⅳ.完成句子1.IwishIhadbeenatmysister’sweddinglastTuesday，butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.(2015·天津)要是我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼那该多好啊，但是当时我在纽约出差。2.Tostoptheworknowseemsimpossible.现在停止这项工作似乎是不可能的。3.WhilestudyinginChina，Alexvisitedmanyplacesofinterest.在中国学习期间，Alex参观了许多名胜。4.ItwaswhenIwasincollegethatIbecameinterestedincomputerscience.我是在上大学期间对计算机科学产生兴趣的。写作素材(关于健康)1.如今健康对每一个人都很重要。2.众所周知，平衡饮食对健康很有益处。3.很多不能治愈的疾病都是由不好的饮食习惯引起的。4.我对健康的建议如下。5.我们要抵抗住甜食的诱惑，拒绝垃圾食品，多锻炼，保持身体健康。提示黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用which引导的定语从句。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)Nowadayshealthisimportanttoeveryone.Asweallknow，abalanceddietisbeneficialtoourhealth.Manydiseases，whichcan’tbecured，arisefrombadeatinghabits.Somyadviceonhealthisasfollows：weshouldresistthetemptationofsweets，refusejunkfoodandtakemoreexercisetokeepfit.练出高分Ⅰ.阅读理解AItwasadangerousperiodforNancywhenherownfortuneswereconcerned.Shehadtorelyonfreelance(自由撰稿)workforsixmonthsafterQualityWeeklyMagazinefolded.Theregularsalarychequehadalwaysseemedverysmall，butnowitwaslikelostriches.Shesentmanyarticlestoothermagazines.Sometimesshestruckitluckyandgotatask.Sheoncewroteashortarticleofapoliticianwhoappreciatedherfair­mindedapproachandgavehersomesecretinformation.Herarticlewasnoticedbyaneditorinsearchofsomethingsharpandfresh.AndNancywasgettinganameforsharpcomment.Inthistrade，shesaw，youdidn’tneedsomuchtobeuptodatewiththingsasaheadofthem，lyinginwaitforcircumstance，readytojump.ThenonedayshewalkedintotheofficesofNationalDaily.Ithadtakenherarticleanditseditorhadlookedkindlyuponher.Havinghandedoverapieceonthelatesteducationaltheoriesshe’dwritten，shefellintoconversationwithawomanshehadknownbefore.Shelearnedthatoneofthepaper’sregularcolumnists(专栏作家)hadquittedthejob.SoNancymadethenecessaryphonecalltoapplyforthejob.Andthen，thephonecallcame.She’dhaveaweeklycolumnwithherphotographnexttoit.Therewouldbeasalarycheque，andperhapsfameandsuccesstofollowthat.Sherealizedthatthejobpresentedherwithawonderfulopportunity.Later，whenshewasalone，Nancythoughtthatherappointmenthadprobablybeenapieceofgoodfortune.However，sherefusedtoallowtheword“luck”．Shemusthavegotthejobbecauseshewasgoodandexperienced.Whatsheneverknewwasthatinfacttheeditorhadbeenatthepointofofferingthecolumntoanotherwriter，Alex.WhenhewasabouttopickupthephonetocallAlex，thecolleaguehemostdislikedwalkedintohisoffice，andspokewithsatisfactionofthepossibilityofcloserassociationwiththisoldfriendofhis.Assoonasthecolleaguewasoutoftheroom，hereachedforthephone，andrangNancy.1．WhydidNancyspendadangerousperiod?A．BecauseshelostthejobinQualityWeeklyMagazine.B．Becauseshereportedsomesecretinformation.C．Becauseherregularsalarychequewastoosmall.D．Becausefreelanceworkwasdifficulttodo.答案A解析细节理解题。由第一段前两句“ItwasadangerousperiodforNancywhenherownfortuneswereconcerned.Shehadtorelyonfreelance(自由撰稿)workforsixmonthsafterQualityWeeklyMagazinefolded.”可知选A。2．Nancythoughtthesecretofsuccessasajournalistwasto.A．makepositivecommentsB．waitandgraspthechanceC．getalongwellwitheditorsD．keepupwiththelatestinformation答案B解析细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Inthistrade，shesaw，youdidn’tneedsomuchtobeuptodatewiththingsasaheadofthem，lyinginwaitforcircumstance，readytojump.”可知选B。3．Inthelastparagraph，theunderlinedpart“thisoldfriendofhis”refersto“”．A．thecolleagueB．theeditorC．AlexD．Nancy答案C解析词义猜测题。根据上下文分析，画线部分代指Alex本人。4．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．ThenewjobpresentedNancywithpressure.B．Workinghardisthekeytogainingpopularityforawriter.C．Regularcolumnistsarebetterthanfreelancewriters.D．NancygotthejobinNationalDailybychance.答案D解析推理判断题。由最后一段可知Nancy从来不认为自己的成功是靠运气，但实际上靠着运气。故选D。BAnabsolutedescriptionofthethreathangingovertheworld’smammals(哺乳)，reptiles(爬行)，amphibians(两栖动物)andotherlifeformshasbeenpublishedbythewell­knownscientificjournal，Nature.Aspecialanalysiscarriedoutbythejournalindicatesthatanastonishing41%ofallamphibiansontheplanetnowfaceextinctionwhile26%ofmammalspeciesand13%ofbirdsaresimilarlythreatened.Manyspeciesarealreadycriticallyendangeredandlosetoextinction，includingtheSumatranelephant，Amurleopardandmountaingorilla.Butalsoindangerofvanishingforthewild，itnowappears，areanimalsthatarecurrentlyratedasmerelybeingendangered.Ineachcase，thefingerofblamepointsdirectlyathumanactivities.Thecontinuingspreadofagricultureisdestroyingmillionofhectaresofwildhabitats(栖息地)everyyear，leavinganimalswithouthomes，whiletheintroductionofnewly­comespecies，oftenhelpedbyhumans，isalsodamagingnativepopulations.Atthesametime，pollutionandoverfishingaredestroyingoceanecosystems.“Habitatdestruction，pollutionoroverfishingeitherkilloffwildcreaturesandplantsorleavethembadlyweakened，”saidDerekTittensor，anoceanecologistattheWorldConservationMonitoringCentreinCambridge.“Thetroubleisthatincomingdecades，theadditionalthreatofworseningclimatechangewillbecomemoreandmorecommonandcouldthenkilloffthesesurvivors.”Theproblem，accordingtoNature，isworsenedbecauseofthehugegapsinscientistsknowledgeabouttheplanet’sbiodiversity.Evaluationsofthetotalnumberofspeciesofanimalsandplantsalivevaryfrom2millionto50million.Inaddition，evaluationsofcurrentratesofspecies’disappearancesvaryfrom500to36,000ayear.“Thatistherealproblemweface，”addedTittensor.“Thescaleofuncertaintyishuge.”Intheend，however，thedataindicatethattheworldisheadingcrueltytowardsamassextinction—whichisdefinedasoneinvolvingalossof75%ofspeciesormore.Thiscouldarriveinlessthanahundredyearsorcouldtakeathousand，dependingonextinctionrates.5．What’sthemainideaofthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Figuresaboutsomewildanimalsareastonishing.B．“Nature”isthefamousjournalaroundtheworld.C．Manyendangeredspeciesareclosetoextinction.D．Somerarespecieshaveappearedaroundtheworld.答案C解析段落大意题。根据第一、二段可知，许多濒危物种接近灭绝。6．Thedirectreasonfortheextinctionofsomespeciesis.A．continuousappearanceofnewspeciesB．destructiveactivitiesofhumanbeingsC．moreandmorehomelessanimalsD．thegreatchangeofoceanecosystem答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知答案为B。7．FromParagraph4weknowthatanotherfuturethreatis.A．destructionofhabitatsB．overfishingandpollutionC．theworseningclimatechangeD．killingoffwildcreaturesandplants答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句可知答案为C。8．Whatdoes“This”inthelastsentencereferto?A．Massextinction.B．Extinctionrates.C．Extinctiontime.D．75%ofspeciesormore.答案A解析代词指代题。根据文章最后一段可知this指代上文的“massextinction”。Ⅱ.七选五TheValueofTearsTearscanruinmake­up，bringconversationtoastop，andgiveyouarunnynose.Theycanleaveyouembarrassedandwithoutenergy.However，cryingisafactoflife，andtearsareveryuseful.Evenwhenyou’renotcrying，theymakeafilmovertheeye’ssurface.9Whentearsfall，theyreducestress.Butwetendtofightthemforallsortsofreasons.“Peopleworryaboutshowingtheiremotions，afraidthatoncetheylosecontrolthey’llnevergetitback.”10Afterwecry，thefeelingsthatcausedthetearsoftendisappear.Sometimespeoplebecomemuchstressedandcan’tcry.Whateveremotiontheyarefeeling—shock，anger，fear，orsadnessisbeingheldback.Buteveryonehastheneedtocry.PsychologistVeraDiamondexplainsthathertreatmentoftenconsistsofgivingpeoplepermissiontocry.11Patientspracticecryingjusttobecomeusedtoexpressemotions.Shesuggestssafe，privateplacestocry，likeunderthebedcoversorinthecar.Cryingisawayofeasetension，butpeopledon’tlikeitwhenotherscrybecau