中考英语名词专项练习

教学目标：名词用法二、教学内容：中考名词考点总结及练习一、名词介绍名词分类专有名词：表示人、地方、事物、机构和组织名称。Lucy,China,theGreatWall普通名词：可数：个体dietionary,pencil,chair,window,table,book,bike,ball集体名词family,police,class,group,team不可数：物质，物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料，rice,glass,porridge,paper,air,wood,wheat,steel抽象，表示状态、品质、行为和感情等抽象概念Knowledge,danger,health,life,homework2.名词变复数情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/map—maps浊辅音和兀音后读/z/bag—bags/car—cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾加—es读/iz/bus—buses/watch—watches以ce,se,ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/license—licenses以辅音字母+y结尾y一i再力口es读/z/babybabies一般口—s,cakes,days,students,beds以—s,—x,—sh,—ch结尾名词口—es,buses,boxes,watches

以辅音字母加-y结尾，变y为i,^口-es,baby-babies,city-cities,country-countries以元音字母加y结尾，加-s,toy-toys,monkey-monkeys以f(fe)结尾，变f(fe)%ves,leaf-leaves,wolf-wolves,life-lives以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾，力加-s,face-faces,orange-oranges不规则变化：改变单数名词中的元音字母,man-menwoman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth单复数形式相同，fish-fish,sheep-sheep,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese其他其他形式，mouse-mice国别：国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes以o结尾名词口es,negro,hero,tomato,potato名词作定语变复数：1）用复数作定语。例如：sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment夕卜语系2）man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如:menworkerswomenteachersgentlemenofficials3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：goodstrain（货车）armsproduce武器生产customspapers海关文件clothesbrush衣刷4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozeneggs两打鸡蛋aten-milewalk十英里路two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan.一个五年计划不可数名词的数：数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词，量词可单复数，但of后的名词只用原形，如apieceofpaper,adropofwater,twocupsoftea名词所有格：'s和of形式。's形式表示有生命的东西，of所有格用来表示无生命的东西mybrother'sbookthewindowsoftheroom两个并列单数名词表示两者共有时，在最后一个名词后加'sThisisMaryandhersister'sbedroom.LilyandLucy'smotherisanurse.如果表示两者分别有，那么两个词都要加'sTheseareTom'sandMary'sbags.如果以s结尾名词，其后加'，其他形式加'sTeachers'DayChildren'sDay店铺、医院名称加's,atthedoctor'ssomeone,everybody,noone和else,在else后加's,如somebodyelse'spencil表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的东西的名词，可以在词尾加's或'来构成所有格。用于时间Anhour'sride用于度量Thirteentons'weightC•用于价值Ahundredyuan'sorder用于天体Theearth'ssatellite用于国家Belgium'scapital用于城市TheUral'sindustry双重所有格：of+名词所有格，of+名词性物主代词表示部分概念，of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词，如:a,an,one,two,some,several，afew，many，any，no等。Thisisapictureofmine.这是我的一张照片。双重所有格与of所有格的不同。如：Heisafriendofyourfather's.他是你父亲的一个朋友。（强调你父亲的朋友不止一个）Heisafriendofyourfather.他是你父亲的朋友。（强调他对你父亲的友好）名词转化某些名词后加y变形容词，表示“充满…的”cloud-cloudy,sun-sunny某些名词后加ful变形容词，表示“…性质的”use-useful,care-careful部分表示人的名词后加ly变形容词，具有赞美意味。Friend-friendly,lovely某些名词后加less表示没有，careless,useless二、名词用法作主语，Englishisuseful.做定语，papertigers,workplaces做宾语，ShelearnsChinesehardeveryday.做表语，Tomismygoodfriend.做宾语补足语，Theychosetheboymonitor.三、既是可数又是不可数名词的意义不同:Work工作-awork著作，glass玻璃-aglass玻璃杯，paper纸-apaper报纸，文件，试卷Tea茶-atea一种茶，wood木头-awood小树林，room空间-aroom空间非复数：physics,maths,politics,news表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）；suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：Thisfactoryproducessteel.（不可数）Weneedvarioussteels.（可数）当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。Thegirlwaswashinggreens.Ourreturnsarenotasgoodasbefore.Pleasehandinyourpapersatonce.Marylosthergoodlookswhenshewasold.四、名词动词化Don'tbrotherme.Don'tsirme!Thedognosedthedooropen.Hemoutheddownapieceofcake.三、课堂练习填空：Japanese___,Frenchman,American_,Egyptian_German,Australian,potato_,tomatophoto__,piano,kangaroo,bamboo_womandriver,appletree把下列名词变为形容词wind有风的，rain有雨的，dirt脏的，health健康的help有帮助的，joy十分喜悦的，brother___兄弟般的hope没希望的，fear无畏的单选：-Hi,Tom.Couldyouhelpmecutupthemeatfordumplings?--Ok,Mom.Butwhereisthe___?knifeB.forkC.spoonD.chopsticksIwasnotathomewhenthe___broughtthepackage,soI'llhavetogetitmyselfatthepostoffice.A.busdriverB.mailcarrierC.policeofficerD.shopkeeperWhynotgototheGreatWallthisSaturday?—I'mafraidit'snotagood__.Manyofushavebeenthere.A.placeB.dayC.planD.ideaWhenwesawLiuXiang'sface,weknew__wasbad.A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsD.newsAgroupof__willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.HungarianB.AutralianC.JapaneseD.AmericanIwonderwhy___areinterestedinactionfilms.thepeopleD.thepeoples'smeetat7:30outsidethegateof___.A.thePeople'sParkB.thePeoples'ParkC.thePeopleParkD.People'sParkThefarmerraisedten___.A.sheepsC.horseD.cowsTheygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.information-Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?--,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeesC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.TwocupofcoffeesTodayisSeptember10th.It's___Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteacher.A.TeachersB.Teachers'C.theteachers'D.Teacher'sThereareabout50__inourschool.A.womendoctorsB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womanworkersMymotherboughtme___lastSaturday.trousersB.twopairoftrousersC.twopairsoftrousersD.twopairstrousersIwanttohavea__withyouabouttheproblem.Sure.A.funB.wordC.playisniceandclean.A.TheairtodayB.ThetodayairC.TheairoftodayD.Theair阅读与填空：twonoisygrowrainbepeaceWhat'stherealmeaningoftheword""peace""?The1storymaytellussomethingaboutit.Therewasonceakingwhoofferedanawardtoanartistwhocouldpaintthe_2pictureofpeace.Many3tried.Thekinglookedatallthetherewereonlytwohereallylikedandhehadtochoosebetweenthem.Onepicturewasacalmlake.Thelakewasaperfectthingforpeacebecauseofthehighmountainsaroundit.Overheadwasablueskywithwhiteclouds.4whosawthispicturethoughtthatitwasaperfectpictureofpeace.Theotherpicturehadmountainstoo.Buttheywererugged高（低不平的）.Abovewasthedarksky,fromwhichheavyrainfell.Awaterfallwasrushingdownthesideofthemountain.Thisdidnotlook5atall.Butwhenthekinglooked6,hefoundbehindthewaterfallaverysmallbush7inthemids在….中）ofthewaterfallandamotherbirdsittingonhernest（鸟窝）inperfectpeace.Thekinggavetheawardtotheartistwhopaintedthe8picture.Why?""Because,"explainedtheking,""peacedoesnotmean9inaplacewherethereisno10,notroubleorhardwork.Peacemeansinthemidstofallthosethings,you'restillcalminyourheart.That'stherealmeaningofpeace."阅读：In1620,abouthalftheUSAwascoveredbyforests．Todaytheforestshavealmostgone．Alotofgoodlandhasgonewiththem,leavingonlysand．Chinadoesn'twanttocopytheUSA'sexample．We'replantingmoreandmoretrees．We'vebuiltthe"GreatGreenWall"oftreesacrossnorthernpartofourcountry.TheGreatGreenWallis7,000kilometreslong,andbetween400and1,700kilometreswide.Itwillstopthewindfromblowingtheearthaway.Itwillstopthesandfrommovingtowardstherichfarmlandinthesouth．More"GreatGreenWalls"areneeded.Treesmustbegrownallovertheworld.GreatGreenWallswillmaketheworldbetter．根据短文内容，选择正确答案。1．In1620,abouttheUSAwascoveredbyforests．A．athirdB．halfC．twothirdsD．afourth2．Alotofgoodlandhasgonewith．A．sandB．waterC．windD．forests3．TheGreatGreenWallinChinaislong．A．7,000kilometersB．1,700kilometersC．7,000metersD．400kilometers4．Treesmustbegrownin.A．ChinaB．theUSAC．somecountriesD．everypartoftheworld5．willmaketheworldbetter．A．TheGreatWallC．GreatGreenWalls四、课后练习B．TallbuildingsD．Flowersandgrasswaseagertomakesomeextramoney,sinceduringtheseyearshecouldhardlyliveonhis.A.littlewageB.fewwageC.wageD.wagesofthehousesinthevillagewereburnttoduringthewar.ashB.theashC.ashD.ashesstudentsatcollegesoruniversitiesaremakingforthecomingNewYear.A.manypreparationsB.muchpreparationC.preparationsD.preparationinisoneoftheirspare-timeactivities.B.grown-upB.grown-upD.grown-upsA.oilB.anoilC.oilsD.theoiltheviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn'toilhere.A.muchB.lotsofC.agreatdealofD.manylargehousesarebeingpainted,but.greatexpenseB.atagreatexpenseC.inalotofexpensesD.byhighexpenseroomwassmallandcontainedfartoo.newfurnitureC.muchnewfurnituresnewfurnitureD.manynewfurnitureswaslatefortwoclassesthismorning.HesaidthatheforgotbothoftheA.roomsnumberB.roomnumberC.room'snumbersD.roomnumberscandoworkinashorttime,butamancannotdobyhimself.Agreatmany・・・manyC.much・・・agreatdealdealof・・・muchD.many・・・agreatmanydidn'tknowhehadbeengiven.howmanyinformationC.howmanyinformationsthenumberofinformationD.rade-in-armsC.comrades-in-armcomrades-in-armsD.comrade-in-armtheinthehospitalgotariselastmonth