03年真题和答案

SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwarsaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce:Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmaxireadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichis,thebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:\buwillhear:Youwillread:2hours.3hours.4hours.5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o'clockinthemorningandhavetofinishby2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)"5hours"isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]A)ThelecturefornextMondayiscancelled.Thelecturewasn'tassuccessfulasexpected.Thewomandoesn'twanttoattendthelecture.ThewomanmayattendnextMonday'slecture.A)Thewomanhasaverytightbudget.Hedoesnotthinkthefurcoatisworthbuying.He'swillingtolendthewomanmoneyforthefurcoat.Thewomanisnotcarefulenoughinplanningherspending.A)Cleanthekitchen.Asksomeonetofixthesink.Findabiggerapartmentforthelady.Checktheworkdonebythemaintenanceman.Theprice. D)Theleathercase.A)Sheneedsanotherhaircutsoon.ShethinksitworthwhiletotrySanterbale'sSheknowsalessexpensiveplaceforahaircut.Shewouldliketomakeanappointmentfortheman.A)Thewomandoesn'twantIocookameal.Thewomanwantstohaveapicnic.Thewomanhasapoormemory.ThewomanlikesMexicanfood.A)EveryoneenjoyedhimselfatJohn'spanics.Thewomandidn'tenjoyJohn'spartiesatall.ItwillbethefirsttimeforthemantoattendJohn'sparty.ThewomanisgladtobeinvitedtoJohn'shouse-warmingparty.A)Shelacksconfideneeinherself.Sheisnotinterestedincomputerprogramming.Shehasneversignedupforanycompetitionbefore.Sheissuretowintheprogrammingcontest.A)Themanhasanenormousamountofworktodo.Themanhasmadeplansforhisvacation.Theman'lltakeworkwithhimonhisvacation.Workstackedupduringtheman'slastvacation.10.A)Shelikesthejoboffeedingfish.Shefindshernewjobinteresting.Shefeelsunfitforhernewjob.She'snotingoodhealth.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Rallysupportfortheirmovement.Liberatewomenfromtedioushousework.Claimtheirrightstoequaljobopportunities.Expresstheirangeragainstsexdiscrimination.12.A)Itwillbringalotoftroubletothelocalpeople.Itisapopularformofart.Itwillspoilthenaturalbeautyoftheirsurroundings.Itispopularamongrockstars.A)Toshowthatmindlessgraffiticanprovokeviolenee.lbshowthatLondonershaveaspeciallikingforgraffiti.Toshowthatgraffiti,insomecases,canconstituteacrime.Toshowthatgraffiticanmaketheenvironmentmorecolorful.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebawdonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)TheAsianelephantiseasiertotame.TheAsianelephant'sskinismorevaluable.TheAsianelephantislesspopularwithtourists.TheAsianelephantproducesivoryofabetterquality.15.A)Fromthecapturedortamedelephants.FromtheBritishwildlifeprotectiongroup.FromelephanthuntersinThailandandBurma.FromtouristsvisitingtheThai-Burmeseborder.16.A)Theirtamingforcircusesandzoos.Thedestructionoftheirnaturalhomes.Man'slackofknowledgeabouttheirbehavior.Thegreatervulnerabilitytoextinctionthanotherspecies.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)TheyhadlosttheirjobsasaresultoftheIndustrialRevolution.Theyhadbeensufferingfrompoliticalandreligiousoppression.TheywantedtofleefromthewidespreadfamineinNorthernEurope.Theywantedtomakeafortunetherebystartingtheirownbusinesses.18.A)Theymightlosecontroloftheirmembersbecauseoftheincreaseinimmigration.Theirmembersmightfinditdifficulttogetalongwiththenewcomers.Theworkingconditionoftheirmembersmightdeteriorate.Theirmembersmightlosetheirjobstothenewcomers.19.A)Toimposerestrictionsonfurtherimmigration.lbimprovetheworkingconditionsofimmigrants.Tosetaminimumwagelevelfornewimmigrants.ToputrequirementsonIanguagesfornewcomers.A)TheywerelookeddownuponbyEuropeanimmigrants.Theyhadahardtimeseekingequaljobopportunities.Theyworkedveryhardtoearnadecentliving.Theystronglyopposedcontinuedimmigration.PartReading(35DIIirections:TChoemrepreahren4siopnassagesinthismpainrut,teEs)achpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsatunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.In1985whenaJapanAirLines(JAL)jetcrashed,itspresident,Yasumotolakagi,calledeachvictim'sfamilytoapologize,andthenpromptlyresigned.Andin1987,whenasubsidiaryofToshibasolesensitivemilitarytechnologytotheformerSovietUnion,thechairmanofToshibagaveuphispost.Theseexecutiveactions,whichToshibacalls',thehighestformofapology,"mayseembizarretoUSmanagers.NooneatBoeingresignedaftertheJALcrash,whichmayhavebeencausedbyafaultyBoeingrepair.Thedifferencebetweenthetwobusinessculturescentersarounddifferentdefinitionsofdelegation.WhileUSexecutivesgivebothresponsibilityandauthoritytotheiremployees,Japaneseexecutivesdelegateonlyauthority—theresponsibilityisstilltheirs.AlthoughthesubsidiarythatsoldthesensitivetechnologytotheSovietshaditsownmanagement,theToshibatopexecutivessaidtheyl'musttakepersonalresponsibilityfornotcreatinganatmospherethroughouttheToshibagroupthatwouldmakesuchactivityunthinkable,eveninanindependentlyrunsubsidiary."SuchacceptanceofcommunityresponsibilityisnotuniquetobusinessesinJapan.SchoolprincipalsinJapanhaveresignedwhentheirstudentscommittedmajorcrimesafterschoolhours.Eveniftheydonotquit,Japaneseexecutiveswilloftenacceptprimaryresponsibilityinotherways,suchastakingthefirstpaycutwhenacompanygetsintofinancialtrouble.Suchpersonalsacrifices,eveniftheyarelargelysymbolic,helptocreatethesenseofcommunityandemployeeloyaltythatiscrucialtotheJapanesewayofdoingbusiness.HarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorGeorgeLodgecallstheritualacceptanceofblame"almostafeudal(封建的)wayofpurging(清除)thecommunityofdishonor,"andtosomeintheUnitedStates,suchresignationslookcowardly.However,inanerainwhichbothbusinessandgovernmentalleadersseemparticularlygoodatevadingresponsibility,manyUSmanagerswouldprobablywelcomeaninfusion(灌输)oftheJapanesesenseofresponsibility,If,forinstanee,USautomobilecompanyexecutivesofferedtoreducetheirownsalariesbeforetheyaskedtheirworkerstotakepaycuts,negotiationswouldprobablytakeonaverydifferentcharacter.WhydidthechairmanofToshibaresignhispositionin1987?InJapan,theleakageofaslatesecrettoRussiansisagravecame.Hehadbeenunderattackforshiftingresponsibilitytohissubordinates.InJapan,thechiefexecutiveofacorporationisheldresponsibleforthemistakemadebyitssubsidiaries.Hehadbeenaccusedofbeingcowardlytowardscrisesthatweretakingplaceinhiscorporation.AccordingtothepassageifyouwanttobeagoodmanagerinJapan,youhaveto.apologizepromptlyforyoursubordinates'mistakesbeskillfulinacceptingblamesfromcustomersmakesymbolicsacrificeswhenevernecessarycreateastrongsenseofcompanyloyaltyWhat'sProfessorGeorgeLodge'sattitudetowardstheresignationsofJapanesecorporateleaders?Sympathetic C)CriticalBiased. D)Approving.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?BoeinghadnothingtodowiththeJALaircrashin1985.Americanexecutivesconsiderauthorityandresponsibilityinseparable.Schoolprincipalsbearlegalresponsibilityforstudents'crimes.Persuadingemployeestotakepaycutsdoesn'thelpsolvecorporatecrises.Thepassageismainlyabout.resignationasaneffectivewayofdealingwithbusinesscrisestheimportaneeofdelegatingresponsibilitytoemployeeswaysofevadingresponsibilityintimesofcrisesthediffereneebetweentwobusinessculturesPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asmachinesgo,thecarisnotterriblynoisy,norterriblypolluting,norterriblydangerous;andonallthosedimensionsithasbecomebetterasthecenturyhasgrownolder.Themainproblemisitsprevalenee,andthesocialcoststhatensuefromtheusebyeveryoneofsomethingthatwouldbefairlyharmlessif,say,onlytherichweretouseit.Itisapricewepayforequality.Beforebecomingtoogloomy,itisworthrecallingwhythecarhasbeenarguablythemostsuccessfulandpopularproductofthewholeofthepast100years—andremainsso.Thestorybeginswiththeenvironmentalimprovementitbroughtinthe1900s.InNewYorkcityin1900,accordingtotheCarCulture.A1975bookbyJ.Flink,ahistorian,horsesdeposited2.5millioopoundsofmanure(粪)and60,000gallonsofurine(尿)everyday.Everyyear,thecityauthoritieshadtoremoveanaverageof15,000deadhorsesfromthestreets,Itmadecarssmellofroses.Carswerealsowonderfullyflexible.Themainearliersolutiontohorsepollutionandtrafficjamswastheelectrictrolleybus (电车).Butthatrequiredfixedoverheadwires,andrailsandplatforms,whichwereexpensive,ugly,andinflexible,ThecarcouldgofromanyAtoanyB,andallowedtownstodevelopinalldirectionswithlow-densityhousing,ratherthanjustbeingconcentratedalongthetrolleyorraillines.Ruralareasbenefitedtoo,fortheybecamelessremote.However,sincepollutionbecameaconcerninthe1950s,expertshavepredicted一wrongly一thatthecarboomwasabouttoend.InhisbookMr.Flinkarguedthatby1973theAmericanmarkethadbecomesaturated,atonecarforevery2.25people,andsohadthemarketsofJapanandWesternEurope(becauseoflandshortages).Environmentalworriesanddiminishingoilreserveswouldprohibitmasscaruseanywhereelse.Hewaswrong,Between1970and1990,whereasAmerica'spopulationgrewby23%,theaumberofcarsonitsroadsgrewby60%,Thereisnowonecarforevery1.7peoplethere,oneforevery2.1inJapan,oneforevery5.3inBritain.Around550millioncarsarealreadyontheroads,nottomentionallthetrucksandmocorcyeles,andabout50millionnew onesaremadeeachyearworldwide.Willitgoon?Undoubtedly,becausepeoplewantitto.Asisgiveninthefirstparagraph,thereasonwhythecarhasbecomeaproblemisthat.poorpeoplecan'taffordititistooexpensivetomaintaintoomanypeopleareusingititcausestoomanyroadaccidentsAccordingtothepassage,thecarstartedtogainpopularitybecauseitdidn'tbreakdownaseasilyasahorseithadacomparativelypleasantodoritcausedlesspollutionthanhorsesitbrightenedupthegloomystreetsWhatimpactdidtheuseofcarshaveonsociety?Peoplewerecompelledtoleavedowntownareas.Peoplewereabletoliveinlesscrowdedsuburbanareas.Businessalongtrolleyandraillinesslackened.Citystreetswerefreeofuglyoverheadwires.Mr.Flinkarguedinhisbookthatcarswouldnotbewidelyusedinothercountriesbecause.theonceboomingcarmarkethasbecomesaturatedtrafficjamsinthosecountriesaregettingmoreandmoreseriousexpensivemotorwaysarenotavailableinlessdevelopedcountriespeopleworryaboutpollutionandthediminishingoilresourcesWhat'swrongwithMr.Flink'sprediction?Theuseofautomobileshaskeptincreasingworldwide.Newgenerationsofcarsarevirtuallypollutionfree.ThepopulationofAmericahasnotincreasedasfast.People'senvironmentalconcernsareconstantlyincreasing.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomforubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的)tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotiomaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistanceformothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity'sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(药物)，todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof"dryeye"syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.31.ltisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat.sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmericancryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedycryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeopleonewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamedWhatdoes"boththoseresponsestotears"(Line6,Para,1)referto?Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.Thetearshedder'sapologyandtheobserver'sefforttostopthecrying.Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears."Counterproductive"(Lines6-7,Para,1)veryprobablymeanshavingnoeffectatallleadingtotensionproducingdisastrousimpactharmfultohealthWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?sisajiueiuoq/v\e;e|q;eAueuipajapisuooeqpinoqsaiuojpuAs6uiuiejp8AOoil丄 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iso」si}\lJ8>|e8MnoAsa>|eiupueu/v\opnoAs”eo」q6uiuie4pjeq1j8A8mohpjeq>|jom01106aoueiujopadaAOjdiui01」apjoui2屮se;e|屮。6uoiueisjoasousi打86essed6ui/v\0||0jeq;uopaseqaieQp01ggsuonsan。」noT86essedsjeaileuoiioiuajo6uipp8qs。屮eonpuiueosiueinnodleiuaiuuojiAu^(qsaseoemosuiaiuojpuAs,,9X9Ajp„01asu8ai6ueosjea^leuoiioiu^(9sjeaileuoiioiuaaseajouiAeiuuoiieoipaiuQAissaoxa01ainsodx^(gssai^s6upnpaijouoipunjo屮8Aeqs」卿leuoqoium(v乙s」eoijoseipn】smqu。屮tuojjpajjajuiaqueo2i|MGG■pajppajisapeq;saonpcudA||ensn打(qaoueisissepueuoiiuaue记6oiiuboiusi打(gIBaiajnss,ueiuuiAe|d018|oje8Aeqisniu打(g1U81UU0JIAU8eq;01asuodsa」|BO!6o|O!sAi|dssanuiodesi打(vsymptomsofproIongedfatigueandwhoseperformaneehasleveledoffordecreased.Itisimportanttoexcludeanyunderlyingillnessthatmayberesponsibleforthefatigue.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagetellsusthat.theharderanathletetrains,thebetterhisperformancewillberestaftervigoroustrainingimprovesanathlete'sperformancestrictsystematictrainingisessentialtoanathlete'stopperformanceimprovementofanathlete'sperformanceoccursinthecourseoftrainingBy"overtraining"theauthormeans.aseriesofphysicalsymptomsthatoccuraftertrainingundueemphasisontheimportanceofphysicalexertiontrainingthatisnotadequatelycompensatedforbyresttrainingthathasexceededanathlete'semotionallimitsWhatdoesthepassagetellusaboutthe"overtraining"syndrome?Itoccurswhenathletesloseinterestinsports.Itappearsrightafterahardtrainingsession.Thefatigueitresultsinisunavoidableintheathlete'strainingprocess.Itmanifestsitselfinfatiguewhichlingersevenafterarecoveryperiod.Whatdoesthephrase"leveloff"(Line7,Para,4)mostprobablymean?Slowdown.Becomedull.Stopimproving.Beonthedecline.Theauthoradvisesattheendofthepassagethat.overtrainingsyndromeshouldbetreatedasaseriousillnessovertrainingsyndromeshouldbepreventedbeforeitoccursanathletewithovertrainingsyndromeshouldtakealengthyrestillnesscausingfatigueshouldnotbemistakenforovertrainingsyndromePartIIIVocabulary (20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesit:thispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChooseciteONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarktheCorrespondingletterontheAnswer Sheetwithasingle line throughthe centre.41.Thesewerestubbornmen.noteasilytochangetheirmind.tilted C)persuadedconverted D)suppressed42.Thecircushasalwaysbeenvery,popularbecauseitboththeoldandtheyoung.A)facilitatesC)immersesB)fascinates43.Bypatientquestioningtheinformationfromthewitnesses.A)evacuateD)indulgeslawyermanagedtohC)impartenougB)withdrawD)elicit44.Georgeenjoystalkingaboutpeople'sprivateaffairs.Heisasolicitor C)gossipcoward D)rebel45.Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkablyreportwithinafewhundredwordsbutwithalltheimportantdetailsincluded.A)conciseC)preciseB)briskD)elaborateHisfaceashecameinafterrunningallthewayfromschool.flared C)flutteredfluctuated D)flushedSteelisnotasascastiron;itdoesnotbreakaseasily.elastic C)adaptablebrittle D)flexibleAbigprobleminlemmingEnglishasaforeignIanguageislackofopportunitiesforinteractionwithproficientspeakersofEnglish.Withintenyearstheyhavetamedthehillintogreenwoods.vacant C)weirdbarren D)wastefulTheofourtriptoLondonwasthevisittoBuckinghamPalace.summit C)peakheight D)highlightHaroldclaimedthathewasaseriousandwell-knownartist,butinfacthewasa(n).alien C)counterpartclient. D)fraudWedon'tanydifficultiesincompletingtheprojectsolongaswekeepwithinourbudget.foresee C)inferfabricate D)inhibitHeislookingforajobthatwillgivehimgreaterforcareerdevelopment.insight C)momentumscope D)phaseThehighschoolmydaughterstudiesinisouruniversity.linkedby C)mingledwithD)affiliatedwithrelevantTheBrownslivedinaandcomfortablyfurnishedhouseinthesuburbs.56.Amembershipcardtheholdertousetheclub'sfacilitiesforaperiodoftwelvemonths.A)approvesC)rectifiesB)authorizesD)endows57.TheyhavedoneawaywithLatinforuniversityentranceatHarvard.influential C)compulsoryindispensable D)essential58.Itisnothatalargenumberofviolentcrimesarecommittedundertheinflueneeofalcohol.A)coincideneeC)inspirationB)correspondenceD)intuition59.One'suniversitydaysoftenappearhappierinthantheyactuallywereatthetime.A)retention C)returnB)retrospectD)revere60.Shethroughthepagesofamagazine,notreallyconcentratingonthem.A)tumbledC)switchedB)tossedD)flipped61.Scientistsarepushingknowntechnologiestotheirlimitsinanattempttomoreenergyfromtheearth.A)extractC)dischargeB)injectD)drain62.TheChineseRedCrossageneroussumtothereliefofthevictimsoftheearthquakeinTurkey.A)administeredC)assessedB)elevatedD)contributed63.Thefirstsentenceinthisparagraphis;itcanbeinterpretedinmanyways.A)intricateC)duplicatedB)ambiguousD)confused64.Theyusedtoquarrelalot,butnowtheyarecompletelywitheachother.A)reconciledC)associatedB)negotiatedD)accommodated65.Thelocalbusinesswasnotmuchbythesuddenoutbreakoftheepidemic.A)intervenedC)hamperedB)insulatedD)hoisted66.Themostimportantforassessmentinthiscontestisoriginalityofdesign.A)thresholdC)warrantB)partitionD)criterion67.Thewomanwasworriedaboutthesideeffectsoftakingaspirins,butherdoctorherthatitisabsolutelyharmless.68.Wecan'thelpbeingofBobwhoboughtaluxurioussportscarjustafterthemoneywasstolenfromtheoffice.A)skepticalC)suspiciousB)appreciativeD)tolerant69.Hegreatlyresentedthepublicationofthisbook,whichhesawasanembarrassinginvasionofhis.A)privacyC)dignityB)moralityD)secrecy70.Infactasheapproachedthisfamousstatue,heonlybarelyresistedthetoreachintohisbagforhiscamera.A)impat