英译汉翻译学习5课件

Unit

5词语选择Dictionmeanstheproperchoiceofwordsandphrasesintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.Anotedlinguistsaid,“themeaningofawordisitsuseinthelanguageandeachword,whenusedinanewcontext,isanewword.Story1)Theplayisreallyalovestory.2)Thiswarisbecomingthemostimportantstoryofthisgeneration.3)Somereporterswhowerenotincludedinthemeetingbrokethestory.4)ThestoryabouthimbecamesmallerandbyandbyfadedoutfromtheAmericanTV.5)Don’ttellstoriesagain,Tom.Idon’tbelieveyourstories.6)Itisquiteanotherstorynow.(故事，事件，内情，报道，谎言，情况）1.Correspondenceatwordlevel

(1)

word-for-wordcorrespondenceeg.Marxism马克思主义激光laseraspirin阿斯匹林(2)

one---multipleequivalentsofthesamemeaningwife:妻子，爱人，夫人，老婆，老伴，媳妇，堂客，内人，贱内potato:马铃薯，洋芋，土豆、山药蛋人：humanbeing,man,people,person,---犬：dog,hound,pointer(猎犬),puppy3）oneword----severalequivalentsofdifferentmeaningscousin:堂兄，堂弟，表姐，表妹，堂姐，堂妹---president：总统，总裁，主席，董事长，会长，校长，院长，---carry,搬，运，提，拎，挑，担，搂，抱，举，端，夹---笑：smile,giggle(傻笑),laugh,ridicule,deride,guffaw(laughveryloudly)走：walk,saunter,stride,trudge,amble（4）wordswithoutequivalents阴:thesoftinactivefemaleprincipleorforceintheworldteenagersclock-watcher:老是看钟等下班的人alibi:不在犯罪现场的证据Yellowpublications:品位较低的出版物pornographyOnemoreexample:B.“but”Heknowssomemethodsbuthedoesn’tknowhowtoapplythem.（连词，但是）Therearenobutsaboutit.（名词）Thewordoccursinthelastlinebutone.（介词，除去）Therewasnotasinglepersontherebutwasmovedtotears（关系代词，whonot）B.PlaceTheboyisdrawingacart.It’stimetogoaboard.C.timeHissonwenttoLondonlastautumn.D.topic：Shuttle;carrierE.code(语码：话语所使用的语言变体）Firstfloor(En,二楼；Am，一楼）Areyouthrough?(En接通了吗；Am，打完了吗）F.medium(交际方式）Hewrotealettertohisfriend.PremierWenwrotealettertoAmericanPresident.Continued)Heavyweather; heavycropsHeavyfog heavytrafficHeavyartillery heavysoilHeavysky heavybombardment Heavystorm heavynewsHeavyroad heavyfire Heavyheart heavyfoodheavyhand heavysmokersHeavyapplause heavylookHeavytongue heavyfightingHeavyrain/snow heavydrinkingHeavymarket heavymoneycontinuedHeisthelastmantocome.Heisthelastmantodoit.Heisthelastpersonforsuchajob.最不配Heshouldbethelasttoblame.Heisthelastmantoconsult.不宜ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeetyou.怎么也没想到Thisisaquestionofthelastimportance.Ambivalentwords对立词Pleasepayattentiontosomeambivalentwords:FiremanCleaveOverhearOverlookAmbition王寅，《语义理论与语言教学》，（2001：251），上海外语教育出版社。消防员；火夫劈开；粘住偷听；偶然听到细看；不看抱负；野心exerciseTherestandsahouseonthehill.Thecupsstandonthetopshelf.Theroomstandsidle.

Thehousealwayshaswaterstandinginthebackyard.

Thatlibrarywillstandintothenextcentury.Hestandsfirstinhisclass.Theystandopposedtothisact.Shestoodastheparty’scandidateintheelection.Youshouldcheckyouranswersagainandagainbeforeyouhandinyourpaper.

Ihavenotcheckedmyluggageyet.Mr.Porterdidnotcheckinuntilyesterday.

Theguestmustcheckoutoftheroombeforenoon.

3.引申A．词义的引申Itisregrettablethatourappealremainsadeadletter.遗憾的是，我们的呼吁没有得到响应。(1)

具体含义的引申Theyhavetheirsmilesandtears.Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.

Duringthewar,hewasanembryosurgeon,andjoinedthemobilemedicalteam.Iwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.Thereisamixtureofthetigerandtheapeinthecharacteroftheimperialists.

欢乐与悲哀有苦又有甜胚胎---初出茅庐的情感—理智残暴—狡猾(2)抽象概念的引申Aniceenoughyoungfellow,youunderstand,nothingupstairs.（脑子里是一张白纸）TheIraqiWarmakesalltheinternationalmoralityorinternationallawsbecomeimpossible.（失去作用）Therearethreestepswhichmustbetakenbeforewegraduatefromtheintegratedcircuittechnology.（完全掌握）TheGreatWallisamustformostforeignvisitorstoBeijing.必不可少的参观游览项目B.比喻的引申:如果英语的比喻在内容、形式、形象上与汉语相近似，可以相互借用，不用引申。如：Themanisasstubbornasamule.

犟得像头牛。Iamonlyasmallpotatointhisoffice.小人物Don’tputyourfingerintoanother’spie.别管他人闲事。C.典故的引申：希腊神话SheisasfairasHelen.她是个绝世美人。InspiteoftheHerculianeffortsmadebythe

enemy,theplotendedinafiasco.尽管敌人费了九牛二虎之力，其阴谋却以失败告终。(靳梅琳，P96,《英汉翻译概要》)希腊神话中众神之父：--宙斯在希腊人看来，最初的宇宙是一片混沌，然后有了天地之分。地母盖娅是众神和万物之源，她生了天神乌拉诺斯，天神和地母结合再生众神及万物。第一代主宰乌拉诺斯被自己的儿子克洛诺斯阉割了，克洛诺斯与自己的妹妹瑞亚结合（这可能是最早的族内通婚时期的印记）生下了6儿6女，宙斯是他们最小的儿子。克洛诺斯害怕自己也像父亲一样被儿子阉割推翻，决定吞食自己所有的子女，瑞亚生一个他就吃一个。当宙斯出生时，瑞亚瞒过丈夫，只身逃到克里特岛上，生下了宙斯。Helen—(GreekMyth)—daughterofZeus.HermatchlessbeautyandcharmsdrewtowardstohermanyheroesfromallpartsofGreece.ShewasthewifeofMenelaus,KingofSparta.SheelopedwithParisandthusthemostbeautifulwomanoftheworldatthetimekindledtheflameoftheTrojanWarandbroughtutterdestructiononthecityofTroy.Shehasbeenconsideredthetypeoffemalebeauty.Hercule----thestrongestandthemostfamousGreekhero.HewasthesonofZeusandAlcmene.Hewasaheroofsuperhumanphysicalstrength.Heisrepresentedasbrawny,muscular,short-necked,andofhugeproportions.Inafitofmadness,heslewhiswifeandchildren,andaspenance,hewasorderedbyApollotoservefor12yearsoftheArgivekingwhoimposeduponhim12tasksofgreatdifficultyanddanger.Hewasfamousforhisgreatstrengthandforthehardtasksheperformed.Hedoesalotofgoodjobsandisconsideredtobethesaltoftheworld.盐是饮食中不可缺少的调味品，人体若缺盐，健康就会受到影响，出现种种疾病。盐还有杀菌、解毒、消炎、除污等多种功用，它既是“百药之王”，又是工业之母，确是值得珍视的东西。在许多民族的习俗汇总，盐被当作敬客的高贵礼品。IV.褒义和贬义英语和汉语都有褒义和贬义，请试译：encourage:鼓励、怂恿，beenchanted:极为喜欢、被盅惑makeeveryeffort尽一切努力、挖空心思请翻译如下六个句子：Theenemy’sschemewentbankrupt.Wehavemappedoutanicescheme.

Theyincitedhimtogointofurtherinvestigation.Thesoldierwasshotforincitinghiscomradestoriseagainsttheirofficers.Itisthechampionofthecolonialregimeandofapartheid.Mr.Smithhassteppedintothevintageyear.ＨＯＭＥＷＯＲＫ1.Hisachievementinhisstudywastheenvyofallhisclassmates.

2.Theysaysuchscandalousthingsaboutyououtofenvy.

3.Londonisacityinvadedbytourists.

4.Guangzhouboastsanenormousairport.

5.Hehadliedtomeandmademethetoolofhiswickeddeeds.

6.John’sfathersenthimtotheuniversityandwaseagertohavehimdistinguishhimself.

7.Hisplanedevelopedenginetroubleonlysevenmilesaftertakeoff.

8.Modernaircraftaresoheavythatthewingsmustdevelopaverylargeliftforceinordertosustaintheaircraft.

9.Inspiredbytheseideas,in1752Franklindevelopedapracticallightningrod.

10.Mostofthemoneycamefromsellingthesecretofanewtypeofpotatohehaddeveloped.

11.Unfortunately,hedevelopedtuberculosis.患上12.InSichuan,peoplearedevelopingtherichresourceswhichcanmakethemrich.开发（资源）13.Itwasagirlwithgoodmanners.这是一位举止得体的姑娘。14.Thesewerealllabeledasgoodeggs.这些都被标为新鲜的鸡蛋。15.Dogsareoftenregardedasman’sgoodfriends.狗经常被认为是人们的忠实朋友。16.Hewastold,whencomplainingthathecoul