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牛津高中英语必修三unit-1语法讲解:名词性从句牛津高中英语必修三unit-1语法讲解:名词性从句牛津高中英语必修三unit-1语法讲解:名词性从句资料仅供参考文件编号:2022年4月牛津高中英语必修三unit-1语法讲解:名词性从句版本号:A修改号:1页次:1.0审核:批准:发布日期:高中英语语法讲解:名词性从句一、概念名词性从句在句子中起名词作用,它在整个句子中能担任主语、宾语、表语或同位语。根据它在句中充当的不同成分,名词性从句可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句。没有主语从句、宾语从句/表语从句,整个句子就缺少了主语/宾语/表语,句子结构不完整;没有同位语从句,句子结构完整,但句意不完整。注:区别于定语从句(形容词性从句):限制性定语从句相当于一个形容词,修饰主句中的某个名词,做它的定语;非限制性定语从句,几乎完全独立于主句,没有定从,虽然句意不一定完整,但句子结构仍然完整。Iknowthegirlwhoisreadingoverthere.Hecamehomesafeandsound,whichwasagreatrelieftohisfamily.二、4类连接词&注意点1.that(1)连接主句与从句(2)无意义(3)不做从句中的成分(4)能否省略2.if/whether(1)连接(2)表“是否”(3)不做成分(4)whether与if区别3.疑问代词what,who,whom,which&whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever(1)连接(2)表不同含义(3)做从句中的重要成分4.疑问副词when,where,why,how(1)连接(2)表不同含义(3)做从句中的状语三、四种名词性从句1.主语从句(1)普通主语从句Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.注:that位于句首引导主从,一定不省。Whethertheplanispracticableremainstobeseen.Whatweneedaremanyinstructivebooks.Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney.注:主从做主语,主句谓语动词一般用单数,但what引导的主从,根据后面表语的意义一致原则。Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldisnotclear.WhenTomwillcomeandwhatLucywillsayarenotclear.注:一套主谓结构谓语动词用单数,两套则用复数。Whichteamwillwinishardtopredict.Howhemadesuchalargefortuneisstillamystery.(2)用it做形式主语为(避免头重脚轻)的主语从句,常见句型有:Itisapity/ashame/nowonder/apleasure/anhonor/afact/commonsense/nthat…Itishigh/abouttimethat…Itisthefirst/second/...timethat…Itisobvious/strange/necessary/vital/essential/natural/notuncommon/likely/adjthat...Itissaid/reported/announced/believed/estimatedexpected/recommended/ppthat…Ithappensthat…;Itturnedoutthat…Itoccurto/dawnon/hit/strikesbthat…Itdoesn’tmatterthat/whether/how…注:连接代词一般不用it做形式主语,e.g.Whathesaidinterestedmegreatly.2.宾语从句:(1)做及物动词的宾语Idon’tknowwhathisnameis.(2)做介词的宾语MyteacherwassatisfiedwithwhatIdid.Thefilmremindedmeofhowmygrandmabroughtmeup.AtwhatIthinkistheappropriatetime,Iwilltellyouallthetruth.注:介词后面的宾从一般不用that引导,但inthat和exceptthat是例外Hedifferedfromhisclassmatesinthathedevotedallhissparetimetoreading.IknownexttonothingaboutTomexceptthathecomesfromtheUS.(3)放表语形容词后的宾语从句Iamgladthatyoumakeittomyparty.Sheisnotsurewhatwillhappennext.(4)it做形式宾语YoumaydependonitthatIwillalwayscometoyouraid.(介词后宾从)Iwillseetoitthateverythinggoessmoothly.Ioncetookitforgrantedthatmyparentsputmyneedsfirst.(动词+宾语+宾补结构)IwanttomakeitclearthatIwillneveracceptyourmoney.Theythink/consideritimpossiblethathousepriceswilleverdrop.Ilike/hateitwhen…;Iwouldappreciateitif…(句型)注1:一个动词或介词后接一个以上宾从时,第一个宾从的that可省,第二个开始的that不可省Iforgot(that)myresearchpaperwasdueonTuesdayandthatIhadleftitunfinishedsincelastFriday.注2:宾从时态一般与主句时态呼应,客观真理自然现象除外。Inthemiddleage,peopledidn’tbelievethattheearthmovesaroundthesun.注3:否定前移Idon’tthinkheisfitforthejob,ishe?

3.表语从句:(1)be+表从Theproblemisthathehasneverbeentoanothercountryalone.表从中that一般不省。Myquestionwaswhysheturnedmyinvitationdown.(2)句型:looks/seems/appears+asif/though…,“看起来似乎好像”Helooksasifhekneweverything.(与事实相反,虚拟)Itseemsasifourteamisgoingtowin.(与事实相符,真实)(3)句型:that/thisiswhy/because…,“这是因为/…的原因”Hewaslateforschoolyesterday.Thatwasbecausehewasill.Hewasill.Thatwaswhyhewaslateforschool.4.同位语从句解释说明“某些抽象名词”的具体内容:news,word(单数:消息),belief,idea(主意),thought(想法),fact,truth,plan,notice(通知),promise等比较特殊的有:doubt(有/无关于…的疑问),possibility/chance(有/无…的可能性),evidence(证据表明)。Iagreewithyourplanthatwesetouttomorrowmorning.Wordcamethathesurvivedthewar.ThereisnoevidencethatlivesexistonMars.注:“无疑问/很确定”连接词用that;“有疑问/不确定”用whetherIhavenodoubtthat…同位从;Thereissomedoubtwhether…同位从=Itiscertainthat…主从;Itisuncertainwhether…主从四、细节考点1.从句语序:(1)陈述句语序,Idon’tknowwhatyourplanis.特例:Herefusestotellmewhatisthematter.(2)主句是疑问句用疑问语序,从句仍用陈述句语序Whatdoyouthinkheisdoing?Whatyouthinkheisdoing

(X)Whatdoyouthinkishedoing?(X)名从中套强调句的情况下的疑问词放在最前面Idon’tknowwhatitwasthatmadehimangry.Idon’tknowitwaswhatthatmadehimangry.(X)2.连接词that的省略总结:(1)只有“vt+宾从”中引导第一个从句的that可以省略;(2)其他“一般不省”(如表从、it做形式主语的主从);(3)或者“一定不能省”(放句首的主从、同位从、介词宾从、动词宾从的第二三四…个从句中)3.连接词whether/if的区别:a.只有三种情况whether/if都可以:(1)动词后的宾从中(vt除去discuss,decide,depend)Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.(2)it做形式主语的主从中Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhether/ifweshallattendthemeeting.(3)whether/if…ornot分开时Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornottonightb.其他情况只用whether不用if:(1)放句首的主从Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecided.(2)介词后的宾从Iamskepticalaboutwhetherhewilltellthetruth.(3)表从Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.(4)同位从Idarenotaskthequestionwhethershelikesmeornot.(5)whetherornot紧密相连时Idon’tknowwhetherornothewillcometonight.(6)whether+todo不定式Weareuncertainwhethertoleaveheretomorrow.4.表示“建议,命令,要求”的词(如suggest/suggestion,propose/proposal,recommend/recommendation,require/requirement,order,demand等)构成的宾从、表从、同位从中用should虚拟语气,should可省略,表示“某人应该做某事”之意Isuggestthatyoushouldadoptthenewteachingmethod.Mysuggestionisthatyoushouldadoptthenewteachingmethod.Doyouagreewithmysuggestionthatthenewteachingmethodshouldbeadopted?

5.who,whom和whoever,whomever的区别

who是“谁”的意思,表疑问;whoever表"无论谁、任何…的人”,相当于anyonewho,无疑问意味。Canyoutellmewhothatgentlemanis?Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.“无论谁最后离开房间”或“任何最后离开房间的人”

Haveyoudecidedwhomyouaretonominateasyourcandidate

Youcangivethetickettowhomeveryoulike.你可以把票给任何你想给的人。Themanagerhasdecidedtoput_________hethinksisenergeticandcleverinthepositionoftheleadershipofthecompany.6.which+n与what+n的区别:WhicheverteamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.(which表示“哪一个”,有选择范围)Idon’tknowwhatdifficultyhehasgonethrough.(whatdifficulty表示“什么困难”,无选择范围)Whicheveroneofyourepresentsourclasstoattendtheconferenceshouldbehavewell.7.how与what的区别Hemadeusawareofwhatdifficultsituationwewerefacing.Whatsometeenagersdon'trealizeishowdifficultlifecanbeaftertheygetaddictedtodrugs.(感叹句)8.疑问词+ever与nomatter+疑问词的区别:疑问词+ever既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,而nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句

NomatterwhereIgo,myheartistowardsChina.=WhereverIgo,myheartistowardsChina.

Ibelievewhateverhesays.

=/=Ibelievenomatterwhathesays.(X)9.疑问代词what的各种引申含义【难点】【基本】:译“什么”,表疑问Whathisnameisremainsamystery.Hemadeusawareofwhatdifficultsituationwewerefacing.【引申】:what在名从中充当重要成分,可根据语境翻译为不同含义,无疑问意味,如(1)“…的东西或事情”,(2)“…的时间”,(3)“…的地方”,(4)“…的人或样子”,(5)“(倍数句中)…的数目/大小”等等。(1)Patienceiswhatittakestobeagoodteacher.(2)Afterwhatseemedlikeanhour,Tomfinallymadethechoice.(3)Tallbuildingsarebeingbuiltinwhatwasfarmlandbefore.(4)Hiswife’sloveandsupporthasmadehimwhatheistoday.Thetownisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago.Sheiswhatisconsideredasanosy(爱打听)person.Sheisdyingtoknowotherpeople’ssecrets.(5)Ourincomeisnow3timeswhatitwastenyearsago.10疑问副词where的比喻引申含义【难点】【基本】:译“哪里”,表疑问Wherehelivesremainsamystery.【引申比喻义】:译“…的地方”,无疑问含义---IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.---That’swhereIdon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.(我不同意的地方)Thatiswhereyouaremistaken.Thisiswhereyourproblemlies.NewYor

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