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八年级上册英语课堂笔记(1-6单元)八年级上册英语课堂笔记(1-6单元)八年级上册英语课堂笔记(1-6单元)资料仅供参考文件编号:2022年4月八年级上册英语课堂笔记(1-6单元)版本号:A修改号:1页次:1.0审核:批准:发布日期:八年级上册课堂笔记(1-6单元)Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?
1,一般过去时基本结构:主语+动词过去式+其他;否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原动词;一般疑问句:①Was/Were+主语+其他?②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?2,动词过去式规则变化:直接加ed;以不发音e结尾的单词,直接加d;以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed;以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed;以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed不规则变化的动词过去式(见书本最后一页)3,goonvacation去度假beonvacation在度假4,anyone任何人,只用于指人,一般用在否定句、疑问句中,后面不接of短语。做主语时位于动词用单数。Eg:Isthereanyoneathome?
anyone任何一个,指人或物,后面接of短语。Eg:Youcantakeanyoneofthesebooks.5,adj修饰不定代词后置anythingspecialsomethingimportantenough作adv,修饰adj/adv后置oldenoughfastenoughelse作adj,修饰疑问代词和不定代词后置whatelsewhoelsesomethingelse6,quiteafew/little相当多7,How/whatabout+V-ing/n/代词…怎么样(
表建议、询问)
8,moststudents=mostofthestudents“oneof+themost+adj+n复数”表示“最…之一”Eg:HeisoneofthemostfamouswritersinChina.Amost+adj+n非常Eg:Hangzhouisamostbeautifulcity.9,buy/getsbsth=buy/getsthforsb10,whatdoyouthinkof/about…=howdoyoulike…你认为…怎么样?
11,havefun,enjoyoneself,haveagood/great/wonderfultime+V-ing,12,主语+seem+(tobe)+表语(n/adj)eg:Tomseemstobeasmartboy/happy.Itseemsthat从句eg:Itseemsthatheunderstand.主语+seemtodostheg:Heseemstounderstand.13,adj以-ing结尾“令人…的”exciting,interesting,relaxing,boring以-ed结尾“人感到…的”excited,interested,relaxed,bored14,询问价格:Howmuchis…
What’sthepriceof…
表示价格高低:…beexpensive/cheapThepriceof…ishigh/low15,getto,arrivein/at,reach,到达(如果后面接地点的副词home,here或there,就不用介词in,at,to)16,decide(not)tododecidethat从句decide+疑问词+不定式17,try(not)todosth尽力trydoingsth尝试try/doone’sbesttodosthtryiton试穿(动副结构)tryout试验haveatry试一试18,feellike感觉像feellikedoingsth/wanttodosth/wouldliketodosth19,alotof=lotsof=plentyof20,inthepast在过去21,enjoy/likedoing22,感叹句:How+adj+主谓!How+adj+a/an+n单+主谓!What+a/an+adj+n单+主谓!What+adj+n复/不可数+主谓!23,morethan=over超过lessthan少于moreorless或多或少24,waitfor等待25,toomany“太多”修饰可数名词复数toomuch“太多”修饰不可数名词muchtoo“实在太”修饰形容词或副词26,because+从句becauseof+n/V-ing/代词27,enough作adj修饰n,enoughtimeenoughmoneyhaveenough…todostheg:Ihaveenoughtimetofinishthework.enough作adv修饰adj/advoldenoughfastenough…enoughforsbtodostheg:Thejobiseasyenoughformetodo.not…enoughtodoThebookisn’teasyenoughformetoread.too…to…Thebookistoodifficultformetoread.so…that…ThebookissodifficultthatIcan’tread.28,thenextday第二天29,remember/forget+todo要做+doing做过30,Stopsbfromdoingsth阻止Stoptodo停下来去做其他事Stopdoing停止正在做的事31,anothertwohours=twomorehours32,atthetopof在…顶端,名列…之前强调点onthetopof在…上面强调面33,findout查明,弄清find找到(结果)lookfor寻找(过程)34,goonwith/doingsth继续原来的事goontodosth继续做别的事35,so+adj+that+结果状语从句“如此……以致……”eg:IwassobusythatIdidn’tgotosleepfor3days.sothat引导目的状语从句,以便,为了(inorderto)eg:theygotupearlysothattheycouldcatchtheearlybus.so+adj+(a/an+n单数)thatItissoimportantameetingthatIcan’tmissit.such+a/an+adj+n单数+thatItissuchanimportantmeetingthatIcan’tmissit.such+adj+n复数/不可数+thatUnit2Howoftendoyouexercise?
1,How如何(方式)howlong多长(时间)答语常用“(For/about+)时间段”howfar多远(距离)答语常用“(It’s+)数词+miles/meters/kilometers”howoften多久一次(频率)答语常用“Always/often/everyday/…”或“次数+时间”等表频率的状语Howsoon多快,多久以后,常用在将来时中。答语常用“in+时间段”howmany多少(接可数名词)howmuch(接不可数名词)2,exercise作v锻炼,运动作[c]操,练习domorning/eyeexercises作[uc]锻炼takemuch/moreexercise3,at+钟点at7o’clockatnoon/atnight(during/intheday)atthis/thattimeattheageofon+具体某天、星期、特指的一天、纪念日、节日onApril1stonSundayonacoldwintermorningonTeachers’Dayin+上午、下午、晚上、年、月、季节、年代、世纪inthemorning/afternoon/eveningin1999inAugustinautumnin1960sinthe21stcentury4,helpsb(to)dosthhelpsbwithsthwithsb’shelp=withthehelpofsb5,do(the)housework=dochores6,频度副词(行前be后)Alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomhardlynever7,sometimes有时(频度副词)sometime(将来)有朝一日,(曾经)某天Sometimes几次,几倍sometime一段时间(前面用介词for)8,goshopping=dosomeshopping9,oncetwicethreetimes10,atonce,rightnow,rightaway,inaminute,inamoment,innotime立刻,马上oncemore再一次,重新onceuponatime从前,曾经11,everyday每天everyday日常的,每天的12,ontheinternet13,what’syourfavoriteprogram=whatprogramdoyoulikebest
14,free空闲的inone’sfreetimebefree自由的asfreeasafishfreedomn.自由免费的Thebestthingsinlifearefree.15,befull=bebusy忙的bebusydoingsth/bebusywithsthbefullof充满eg:Thebottleisfullofmilk.16,Howcome怎么会为什么17,maybe为情态动词+动词原形,在句子中做谓语,maybe是副词,表示可能,大概,一般放在句首(perhaps)。18,stayupdoingsth熬夜做某事19,stay/keephealthybeingood/bad/poorhealthbegood/badforone’shealth20,atleast=nolessthanatmost=nomorethan21,asksbaboutsthasksb(not)todosthasksbforhelp/advice/information22,theresultof…的结果asaresult结果23,besurprisedthat/besurprisedat/besurprisedtodo对…很惊讶Toone’ssurprise另某人惊讶的是insurprise惊讶地24,theanswertothequestion,akeytothedoor,atickettotheballgame25,although=though(与but不能连用)Eventhough/if即使,尽管asthough/if仿佛,好像26,by介词+n/v-ing/代词通过…方式byoneself独自地bytheway顺便问/说一下bychance/accident偶然地bymistake错误地learnbyheart记住27,thebestway/timetodo做某事最好的方式/时间28,4个花费:人+spend/spends/spent+时间/钱+(in)doingsth/onsthspendtimewithsb人+pay/pays/paid+钱+forsthIttakes/tooksb+时间+todosth物+cost/costs/cost+sb+钱29,diev.死亡,消失died过去式deadadj死亡的,无生命的deaddoghave/hasbeendeadfor…=died…agodyingadj垂死的,快死的deathn死亡thedeathof…30,beforeit’stoolate趁来得及31,“数字+percentof+n”作主语,谓语动词取决于nEg:Twentypercentofthestudentsexerciseeveryday.Twentypercentoftimepasses.32,noone=nobody指人,回答who,anyone,anybody的提问None指人或物,可接of短语,(→all≥3)回答howmany/much,any,及有特定范围(which)的提问nothing指物,回答what,anything的提问Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.1,比较级,最高级变化规则一般在词尾+er或est;以e结尾的加r或st;重读闭音节双写辅音字母+er或est;辅音字母+y结尾的,改y为i+er或est;多音节词和部分双音节词,加more或most。不规则变化见书本P1142,比较级用法基本句型:主语+be+比较级+than+比较对象两者相比较用比较级eg:Whodoyouthinkismoreoutgoing,LilyorLucy
Very,more,quite,so,too等修饰原级;much,alittle,alot,abit,far,even等修饰比较级eg:I’mmuch/alittle/alot/abit/farmoreoutgoingthanmysister.I’mevenworsenow.不能与人或事物自身相比较eg:Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.比较对象要一致(that代替不可数名词,those代替可数名词复数,所有格,ones)eg:TheweatherinHarbinismuchcolderthanthatinWuhan.ThestudentsofClassOnestudyharderthanthoseofClassTwo.MybikeisnewerthanTom’s.比较级中出现ofthetwo/twins结构时,adj比较级前要+the,不可用thanEg:Tomisthetallerofthetwobrothers.“get/become+比较级+and+比较级”表示“变得越来越……”(多音节或部分双音节用“moreandmore+原级)Eg:Itgetswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.You’regettingmoreandmorebeautiful.“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”表示“越……,就越……”Eg:Themoreyouexercise,thestrongeryouwillbe.“As…as”中间接原级,表示“与…一样”,否定为“notas/so…as”表示“不如”Eg:Heisastallashisfather.Heisnotas/sotallashisfather.“比较级+than”(more/less+原级+than)与“notas/so…as”可以互换Eg:I’mtallerthanyou.ChineseismoreimportantthanBiology.You’reshorterthanme.BiologyislessimportantthanChineseYou’renotas/sotallasme.Biologyisnotas/soimportantasChinese比……大/多/长/宽几倍,用“主语+be+……times+比较级+than+比较对象”Eg:Ourclassroomistwicelargerthanyours.重几斤,高几公分,大几岁……,用“主语+be+数量词+比较级+than+比较对象”Eg:I’msixyearsolderthanyou.3,loudly大声地,响亮地(多含噪音之意)aloud大声地,出声地(强调出声)readaloudcallaloudforhelploud大声地,高声地,常与speak,shout,laugh,talk连用响亮的,大声的loudvoice4,fast强调速度快run/drivefastquickly强调动作、行动快soon强调时间间隔短5,competition体育,书法,朗读,音乐等比赛match体育竞技比赛,球类比赛race速度方面的竞赛,赛跑,赛龙舟等6,win+比赛,奖项beat+人,团队7,ago以前,用于一般过去时,放在一段时间后before在……以前,通常用于完成时,放在时间点或事件之前8,thesameas→bedifferentfrombesimilarto=belike9,begoodat+V-ing=dowellin擅长于begoodfor对…有益(bebadfor对…有害)begoodto对…友好(good可用friendly,nice,kind替换)begoodwith和…相处好=geton/alongwellwith10,true/truly指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符real/really指人或事客观存在,不是想象的11,takecareof=lookafter照顾carefor照料、关心某人,喜欢某人、某物careabout关心,计较,在乎12,makesbdosthmakesb/sth+adjmakemehappymakesb+n.Wemadehimmonitor.makesb+过去分词Shespokealoudtomakeherselfheard.makeit约定时间,做成某事,及时抵达Let’smakeitat10:00.Don’tworry.He’llmakeit.13,both位置:行前be后bothofthem/us=they/webothboth作主语,谓语动词用复数notboth为部分否定,全部否定要用either…not或者neitherboth…and…=notonly…but(also)…否定为:neither…nor14,bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎bepopularin/at在某地受欢迎15,itis+adj+forsb+todosth(adj修饰todosth)ItisimportantformetolearnEnglish.itis+adj+ofsb+todosth(adj修饰sb)Itiskind/friendly/niceofyoutohelpme.16,bringout使显现出17,sharesthwithsb和某人分享18,other“其他的,另外的”,后接名词复数,有时other+n复数=othersanother“又一(个),另一(个)”,泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个,后接名词单数。theother“(两者中的)另一个”,常与one连用,“one…theother…”表示“一个…,另一个…”19,heartlearnsthbyheart用心记loseheart灰心20,breakthelaw/rules/worldrecord违法/违规/打破世界纪录Breakoff打断breakawayfrom摆脱,脱离breakinto破门而入breakin插嘴Breakdown出故障breakout爆发breakup散火breakone’swords食言Haveabreak/rest休息会儿21,laugh发笑laughat嘲笑Smile微笑smileat对…微笑22,定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。定语从句的关系词引导定语的关系代词有:that,who(whom,whose),which;关系副词(在定语从句中只能作状语,且不能省略)有:when,where,why等。关系词的选择主要取决于两个因素:(1)先行词是什么(2)先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。●关系代词(that,who,which,whose,whom)引导的定语从句。①that/who在从句中作主语,先行词为人。Eg:Thegirlthat/whoisreadingismysister.②that/which在从句中作主语或宾语,先行词为物。Eg:Thebookthat/whichisonthedeskbelongstoTom.(主)Hecamebackforthebookthat/whichhehadforgotten.(宾)③whose在从句中作定语,先行词为人或物。Eg:Thisisthepencilwhosepointisbroken.Thatisthegirlwhosemotherdiedtwoyearsago.④whom/that在从句中作宾语,先行词为人。Eg:Thegirlwhom/thatIspoketoismycousin.●关系副词(when/where/why)引导的定语从句。①When在从句中作时间状语,其先行词是表示时间的词(day/year/season等)。例如:我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。Ishallneverforgettheday______IjoinedtheLeague.解放军战士在人们最需要的时刻来到。ThePLAmencomeatthetime________thepeopleneedthemmost.②Where在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行词是表示地点的词(place/town/home/house)例如:你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗?Doyoustillremembertheplace____wefirstmet?近来你去过你成长的小城吗?Haveyoubeentothetown_________yougrewuprecently?③Why在从句中作原因状语,其先行词是reason。例如:没有人知道他为什么上学总迟到。Nobodyknowsthereason____________heisoftenlateforschool23,callsbat+电话号码24,information【UC】通过学习、阅读、观察等得到的信息、情报、资料(侧重内容)news【UC】广播、电视等报道的新闻、消息(强调新鲜、及时)apieceofnewsmessage【C】口信、短信、信息(强调传递)takeamessageforsbleaveamessagetosb25,whodoyouthinkshouldgetthejob?=inyouropinion,whoshouldgetthejob?Unit4What’sthebestmovietheater?
最高级的用法用于三者或三者以上的比较eg:Whichdoyoulikebest,Chinese,MathorEnglish
“oneof+最高级+n.复数”表示“最…之一”Eg:LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.“the+序数词+最高级+n.单数+范围”表示“在…范围内…是第几…”Eg:HainanisthesecondlargestislandinChina.先行词被最高级或序数词修饰,只能用that引导定语从句Eg:Mycousinisthefunniestperson(that)Iknow.Thisisthefirstletter(that)Ireceivedfrommysister.Ofall+n.复数;ofthe+数(≥3)+n.复数;in/at+地点Comfortv.使舒适,安慰comfortableadj.舒适的(→uncomfortable)comfortablyadv.舒适地Voice嗓音(说话声、歌声、笑声、鸟鸣声)inalowvoice小声地Noise杂音Sound任何可以听到的声音becloseto靠近choose-chosechoosefrom从…中选择choosetodosth选择做某事CanIaskyousome/afewquestions?
Welcometo+地点Sofar=untilnow=uptonow至今为止Around/nearhere=intheneighborhood10,thanksfor+n/V-ingThanksforyourhelp/thanksforhelpingme.Thanksforyourinvitation/thanksforinviting/askingme.—Thankyou/Thanks—Noproblem/You’rewelcome/That’sallright/Notatall/It’sapleasure/Mypleasure/That’sOK.11,talentn.天资,才能talentedadj.有天赋的(→untalented)Haveatalentfor(doing)sth.对(做)某事有天赋12,aroundtheworld=allovertheworld13,have…incommon有相同特征incommonwith同…一样14,Kindof相当于副词,修饰形容词或副词,意为“稍微,有点”,与alittle/bit相近Akindof意为“一种”,somekindsof意为“几种”,differentkindsof意为“不同种类的”,allkindsof意为“各种各样的”。这里的kind是“种,类,属”的意思。15,andsoon等等16,beupto是…的职责,由…决定beuptosbtodosth应由某人做某事17,playarole/partindoingsth在…中扮演角色,在…中发挥作用,有影响18,部分否定:all,both,everyone,everybody,everything,everywhere,every,each,always等与not连用表示部分否定。全部否定:all—none,both—neither,everyone—noone/nobody/notanyone,everything—nothing/notanything,every—no,always—never19,makeup编造(故事、谎言)20,take…seriously认真对待21,forexample例如followtheexampleof…以…为榜样giveanexample举例setanexampleto给…树立榜样suchas例如22,cometrue23,finish+n/v-ing24,crowdv.拥挤eg:Theycrowdintotheroom.n.人群eg:Therewasabigcrowdatthefootballmatch.AcrowdofstudentsarewaitingforthebusCrowdedadj.拥挤的.Unit5Doyouwanttowatchagameshow?
不定式做宾语:want/hope/expect/plantodoLearn…from从…学习learnsthbyheart熟记learnsthbyoneself自学Plantodosth/planonsth计划、打算做某事Planforsth考虑到某事makeaplanfor…为…制定计划Hopetodo/hopethat希望(没有hopesbtodo的表达)Ihopeso/IhopenotHappentosb/sth某人/物发生不幸的事eg:Whathappenedtohim?
Happentodo/ithappensthat碰巧Happen偶然发生takeplace事先安排的、人为的发生Expect(sb)todo/expectthat期待Oneday某天(过去、将来)someday某天(将来)theotherday=afewdaysago前几天Meanv.意味着(三单为means)Meansn.方法、工具、手段bymeansofMeaningn.意义、含义themeaningofMeaninglessadj.毫无意义的Mindv.介意would/doyoumind(one’s)(not)doingsth?
Idon’tmindthem.makeupone’smind下决心changeone’smind改变主意nevermind没关系、不必担心keepinone’smind记住10,thinkof认为、想起thinkabout认为、考虑thinkover仔细考虑11,befamousfor因为…而著名befamousas作为…而著名12,appearv.出现(→disappear消失)appearancen.出现、露面、外表13,comeout出版、发表,出来,开花14,succeedv.成功succeedin(doing)sth成功地做某事Successn.成功Successfuladj.成功的besuccessfulin(doing)sth成功地做某事Successfullyadv.成功地15,reason结论性原因cause起因excuse借口16,dangern.危险beingreatdanger处于极大危险中outofdanger脱离危险endangerv.使遭遇危险,危及dangerousadj.危险的endangeredadj.有灭绝危险的17,luckn.运气—luckyadj.幸运的(→unlucky不幸的)—luckilyadv.幸运地18,bereadytodo
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