英语听力速记方法

英语听力速记方法英语听力速记方法英语听力速记方法xxx公司英语听力速记方法文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度英语听力速记方法Ⅰ箭头

→：exportto,sendto,cause(导致)，arrivein/at

Eg.:我今天下午到达北京I→BJat6:00pmd.

←：import,receive(from),comeback(from)

↑：increase,risedevelop,promote,grow,expand

Eg.:thiscompanykeepexpanding(↑)

↓：decrease,decline,bomb(爆炸),drop

.

.

.

Ⅱ数学用符号

＋plus,and,inadditionto,furthermore(而且，此外，更近一步说)

Eg.:therearefivestudentsplustenteachersattending(旁听)

5stus＋10tea

－minus,lack

×wrong,incorrect,bad

＞morethan,greater,moreandmore,superiorto

＜lessthan,smaller,fewer,inferiorto

≥morethanorequalto

≤lessthanorequalto

≠benotmatchfor…

Eg.:jack≠Brandyjack不是

.Brandy的对手

≈around,almost

Eg.:这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500

∵becauseof,owingto,dueto,thanksto

∴so,therefore

Ⅲ其它。peopleorperson

Eg.:中国人和美国人中°＆US°

⊙meeting,conference,negotiation(谈判)

□

.state,country

Eg.：2个国家2□

＆and

△

.standfor,onbehalfof

Eg.:我代表你I△U

︰say,speak,tell,think.

Eg.:我想说我爱你I想︰I

.U

question,doubt,confusion.

Eg.:我有个问题想问你。

Ihave︰askU

"1)opinion,ideas.

Eg.:就这个问题，我想说几点。I想︰几"

.2）Eg.:我去年来北京了。I来BJ"y

注：年year(y)月month(m)日day(d)

去年"y明年

.y"前年︰y后年y︰

！drawattention

Eg.:信件结尾所用之bestwishes→U！！！

()including

Eg.:有5个人参加了这次会议，包括我。

Five。→⊙(me)

Ⅳ数字

Thousand(th)

Million(m)

Billion(b)

AbbreviationsinNotetaking

Useonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.

Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.

S

=

sum

f

=

frequency

Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.

cf

=

compare

e.g.

=

example

dept

=

department

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.

pol

=

politics

dem

=

democracy

lib

=

liberal

cap

=

capitalism

Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.

pres

=

presentation

subj

=

subject

ind

=

individual

cons

=

conservative

Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.

assoc

=

associate

biol

=

biology

info

=

information

ach

=

achievement

chem

=

chemistry

max

=

maximum

intro

=

introduction

conc

=

concentration

min

=

minimum

rep

=

repetition

Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.

ppd

=

prepared

prblm

=

problem

estmt

=

estimate

bkgd

=

background

gvt

=

government

Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.

am't

=

amount

cont'd

=

continued

gov't

=

government

educat'l

=

educationalFormthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.

chpts

=

chapters

egs

=

examples

fs

=

frequencies

intros

=

introductions

Usegtorepresentingendings.

ckg

=

checking

estg

=

establishing

decrg

=

decreasing

exptg

=

experimenting

Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.

Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.

Leaveoutunimportantwords.

Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.

Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.

&

=

and

w/

=

with

w/o

=

without

vs

=

against

\

=

therefore

=

=

isorequal

Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.

zb

=

German,forexample

ibid

=

Latin,thesamework

o

=

degrees

H2O

=

water

Morereference:

Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples:

+plus

//parallel

Usestandardabbreviationsandleaveoutfullstops.Examples:

egexample

ITdeptInformationTechnologydepartment

UKUnitedKingdom

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.Examples:

marmarketing

cuscustomer

cliclient

Usetheentirefirstsyllableandthefirstletterofthesecondsyllable.Examples:

subjsubject

budgbudget

indindividual

Todistinguishamongvariousformsofthesameword,usethefirstsyllableoftheword,anapostrophe,andtheendingoftheword.Examples:

tech'gytechnology

gen'iongeneralisation

del'ydelivery

Usejustenoughofthebeginningofawordtoformarecognisableabbreviation.Examples:

assocassociated

achachievement

infoinformation

Omitvowelsfromthemiddleofwords,retainingonlyenoughconsonantstoprovidearecognisableskeletonoftheword.Examples:

bkgdbackground

mvmtmovement

prblmproblem

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyadding's.'Examples:

custscustomers

fsfrequencies

/sratios

Use'g'torepresent'ing'endings.Examples:

decrgdecreasing

ckgchecking

estblgestablishing

Spellout,ratherthanabbreviateshortwords.Examples:

in

but

as

key

Leaveoutunimportantverbs.Examples:

is

was

were

Leaveoutunnecessaryarticles.Examples:

a

an

the

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameisinitiallywrittenoutinfullduringthetalkormeeting,initialscanbesubstitutedwhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Example:

JanuaryAdvertisingCampaignBudgetJACB

Usesymbolsforcommonconnectiveortransitionwords.Examples:

@at

2to

4for

&and

w/with

w/owithout

vsagainst

Createyourownsetofabbreviationsandsymbols.Youmaywishtodevelopseparatesetsofsymbolsandabbreviationsfordifferentcoursesorsubjects.

OtherSymbolsandAbbreviations

asaresultof/consequencesof<--->

resultingin--->

and/also+

equalto/sameas=

followingff

mostimportantly*

lessthan<

greaterthan>especiallyesp/一、缩略词

英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP:important,ASAP:assoonaspossible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。

缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：

F拿掉所有元音

MKT:market

MGR:manager

MSG:message

STD:standard

RCV:receive

F保留前几个字母

INFOinformation

INSinsurance

EXCHexchange

IoweyouIOU

InsteadofI/O

F保留开头和结尾个发音字母

WKweek

RMroom

PLpeople

F根据发音

Rare

THOthough

THRUthrough高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词

APTApartment

ACCAccountant

ACDGAccording

ACPTAccept

ADAdvertisement

ADSAddress

ADVAdvice

AMAPAsmuch/manyaspossible

AMTAmount

APVApprove

ASAPAssoonaspossible

BALBalance

BLDGBuilding

CERTCertificate

CFMConform

CNCLCancel

CNFConference

CMICommission

CMPComplete

CMPECompete/competitive

CMUCommunication

CONCConcern/concerning/concerned

CONDCondition

CO.Company

DEPTDepartment

DISCDiscount

DPTDeparture

EXCHExchange

EXPLNExplain

EXTExtent

FLTFlight

FNTFinal

FRTFreight

FYRForyourreference

GDGood

GUARGuarantee

H.O.Homeoffice

INFOInformation

IMPSImpossible

IMP(T)Important

INCDInclude

INDIVIndividual

INSInsurance

INTSTInterested

I/OInsteadof

IOUIoweyou

IVOInviewof

MANUFManufacture

MDLModel

MEMOMemorandum

MGRManger

MINMinimum

MKTMarket

MSGMessage

NCRYNecessary

NLTNolaterthan

OBSObserve

OBTObtain

ORDOrdinary

PATPatent

PCPiece

PKGPacking

PLPeople

PLSPlease

POSNPosition

POSS(BL)Possible

PRODProduct

QLTYQuality

QUTYQuantity

RCVReceive

REFReference

REGLRegular

REPRepresentative

RESNReservation

RPTRepeat

RESPONResponsible

SECSection

SITNSituation

STDStandard

TELTelephone

TEMPTemporary

TGMTelegraph

THOThough

TKSThanks

TRDTrade

TRFTraffic

TTLTotal

UYou

URYour

WKWeek

WLWill

WTWeight

XLExtralarge二、字母、图像

Z表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。

C表示政府，统治：government，govern希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government,所以就用C来表示govern,ernmentalofficial可以表示为CZ

P表示政治：politics,political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics,political。那么politician就可以表示为PZ

E表示总数：total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,ect.

E数学符号表示总值。

G表示效率：efficient,effective。G为效率符号。

Q表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。

A表示农业:agriculture.agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。

B表示商业：business。

C×表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation"C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict和confrontation。

W表示工作，职业:work,employ等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker,而W(Z在字母上方表示employer,在字母下方表示employee)。

i表示工业:industry,industrial字母i像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。

UU看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty,agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）,填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示:Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m(multiple)表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。

O表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等：country,state,nation,etc.gO表示进口，Og表示出口

这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair,host,presideover。那么在此符号上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman,host,etc.

T表示"领导人"：leader,head那么headofgovernment,headofcompany便可以表示为CT

⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium

k这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery有关的词汇。

O圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等:international,worldwide,global,universal,etc.

J表示开心：pleasant,joyful，happy，excited,etc.

L表示不满、生气unsatisfied,discomfort,angry,sad,etc.

EO表示听到、总所周之：asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyouhavealreadyheardof,etc.

O表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent,apathetic,unconcern,don'tcaremuch,etc.

三、箭头

g表示到达、传达：gointo，arriveat，giveto，sendto，presenttoetc.

表示导致、引导：leadto,resultin,inthedirectionof,etc.

表示屈服：submitto

f表示来自于：be/comefrom，return，receivefrom,etc.

表示追溯到：come/gobackto，originate

h表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend,etc.

表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open,start,etc.

表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote,etc

表示"波折"：upsanddowns,twistsandturns,etc.四、数学符号

+表示"多":many,lotsof,agreatdealof,agoodmanyof,etc.

++(+2)表示"多"的比较级：more

+3表示"多"的最高级：most

－表示"少":little,few,lack,inshortof/beinshortageofetc.

×表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，somethingbad，notorious，negative,etc.

>表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/betterthan,etc.

表示"高"概念：superiorto，surpass,etc.

<表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.

表示"低"概念：inferiorto，etc.

=表示"同等"概念：means，thatistosay，inotherwords，thesameas，beequalto,etc.

表示"对手"概念：amatch,rival,competitor,counterpart,etc.

()表示"在......之间"：among,within,etc.